Due to the complexity of leadership and its variability across situations,it is suggested that research on leadership should focus on attempts to understand leadership in specific situations or roles,and develop local...Due to the complexity of leadership and its variability across situations,it is suggested that research on leadership should focus on attempts to understand leadership in specific situations or roles,and develop local knowledge about leadership in each situation or role.This paper validates the possibility and importance of building indigenous leadership theories from historical perspective.We demonstrated how to carry out research on indigenous Chinese leadership from a historical perspective by comparative case studies using historical data.Based on the principles of typicalness,representativeness,and comparativeness,we selected six counterparts of political elites in ancient China as comparative cases,which includes Guan Zhong&Shang Yang(organizational reformer),Liu Bang&Xiang Yu(entrepreneur),Li Shimin&Qin Shihuang(intergenerational transition successor),Zhuge Liang&Zeng Guofan(professional manager),Lu Su&Zhang Juzheng(mess-to-order maker),and Zuo Zongtang&Wang Anshi(national dream driver).The paper aims to develop indigenous leadership theory specific to Chinese mental states and culture.展开更多
The main topic of the research is applying of systems approach in studying of political elite. This approach was applied in the analysis of Russia's regional power elite (1991 to 2010). The elite was studied as a c...The main topic of the research is applying of systems approach in studying of political elite. This approach was applied in the analysis of Russia's regional power elite (1991 to 2010). The elite was studied as a complex self-reference system oriented at its own environment, not only in an adaptive way, but first and foremost in structure. The systems approach specifies the following conceptual framework of the study: self-reference, system boundaries, and interaction between the political elite and the surrounding world. Application of the systems analysis to studying the political elite enabled to analyze the structure and functions of the elite, create a model of elitogenesis, and receive study matrix.展开更多
This article, which utilizes the quantitative social-background approach, sets as its objective to empirically discern correlations between the behavior of the Jewish political elite, embodied in the Jewish Agency for...This article, which utilizes the quantitative social-background approach, sets as its objective to empirically discern correlations between the behavior of the Jewish political elite, embodied in the Jewish Agency for Palestine in the period from 1921 to 1948, and the following social-background variables: age, foreign travel, occupation as a path to political power, regional affiliation, ideology, and political opportunity, of the JAE membership. Diversity of the social-background variables and, particularly, the multitude of languages they knew, explain, to a considerable extent, firstly, the wide variety of their social, political and economic views, and, secondly, the elite's resort to direct contact with Western governments and peoples in communicating and promoting their political ideology, thus facilitating the realization of the Zionist project.展开更多
One of the grand problem in the contemporary political history of Ethiopia is an incessant struggle for democratic transition and subsequent failures.Since the 1913,all the attempted hoped-for political transitions ha...One of the grand problem in the contemporary political history of Ethiopia is an incessant struggle for democratic transition and subsequent failures.Since the 1913,all the attempted hoped-for political transitions have been failed to bring democratic political order.Now Ethiopia has got another golden opportunity:a reform within EPRDF under the reformist prime minster Dr.Abiy Ahmed.However,the polemical question is whether the current democratic transition will success(bring democratic consolidation)or fail(reversion to authoritarianism).This paper,therefore,examined anatomy of missed opportunities for change in the modern Ethiopian political history with the intent of drawing the lessons to be taken into consideration from the past failures for current political reform the country has undergone.The study employed qualitative research approach in which data are gathered through document review and analyzed using critical discourse and historical narrative analysis techniques.The finding of the study shows that in all attempted hoped-for opportunities for change,the elite has followed a winner-takes-all-approach of politics than“a negotiated transition”based on win-win principled politics.Thus,all hoped-for-reform attempts are hijacked by the then elite aspiring hegemonic leadership,business as usual,and paradoxically it replaced new dictators who are more repressive and brutal than their predecessors.These historical legacies has also impacted the current transition the country undergone Therefore,this study suggests that there is a need to draw lesson from past failure:“decolonizing mind”and deconstructing a hyperbolically constructed invented myths that hindered societal transformation via epistemic community is an imperative to realize the country’s aspiration towards a democratic political order.展开更多
Since the 1980s, a whole class of economic capable persons has emerged along with China's rural economic development. This class actively participates in grassroots politics and even leads local village governance, c...Since the 1980s, a whole class of economic capable persons has emerged along with China's rural economic development. This class actively participates in grassroots politics and even leads local village governance, creating a unique, novel pattern of village governance in China. This pattern has far-reaching implications for the use of power in China's villages and for the management of grassroots communities. First, it represents democracy-based authoritarian politics (democracy-authority politics) and a transition away from traditional rural village "squireship" governance. Second, governance by economic capable persons surpasses the unitary, centralized People's Commune governance, replacing it with a pluralistic model that utilizes grass-roots community management. Third, the self-governing pattern that is emerging, wherein the general public participates in a government that is dominated by an economic capable persons, demonstrates a modification of ideal villager self-governance and also a pragmatic invention based on local political realities. In the long run, this new class emergence has the potential to evolve into a new type of localized politics; with further economic differentiation in rural areas, village governance will become increasingly diversified, where governing by capable persons will be just one feasible option. This pattern is already becoming common in many rural areas, especially those where the nonagricultural economy is relatively developed展开更多
文摘Due to the complexity of leadership and its variability across situations,it is suggested that research on leadership should focus on attempts to understand leadership in specific situations or roles,and develop local knowledge about leadership in each situation or role.This paper validates the possibility and importance of building indigenous leadership theories from historical perspective.We demonstrated how to carry out research on indigenous Chinese leadership from a historical perspective by comparative case studies using historical data.Based on the principles of typicalness,representativeness,and comparativeness,we selected six counterparts of political elites in ancient China as comparative cases,which includes Guan Zhong&Shang Yang(organizational reformer),Liu Bang&Xiang Yu(entrepreneur),Li Shimin&Qin Shihuang(intergenerational transition successor),Zhuge Liang&Zeng Guofan(professional manager),Lu Su&Zhang Juzheng(mess-to-order maker),and Zuo Zongtang&Wang Anshi(national dream driver).The paper aims to develop indigenous leadership theory specific to Chinese mental states and culture.
文摘The main topic of the research is applying of systems approach in studying of political elite. This approach was applied in the analysis of Russia's regional power elite (1991 to 2010). The elite was studied as a complex self-reference system oriented at its own environment, not only in an adaptive way, but first and foremost in structure. The systems approach specifies the following conceptual framework of the study: self-reference, system boundaries, and interaction between the political elite and the surrounding world. Application of the systems analysis to studying the political elite enabled to analyze the structure and functions of the elite, create a model of elitogenesis, and receive study matrix.
文摘This article, which utilizes the quantitative social-background approach, sets as its objective to empirically discern correlations between the behavior of the Jewish political elite, embodied in the Jewish Agency for Palestine in the period from 1921 to 1948, and the following social-background variables: age, foreign travel, occupation as a path to political power, regional affiliation, ideology, and political opportunity, of the JAE membership. Diversity of the social-background variables and, particularly, the multitude of languages they knew, explain, to a considerable extent, firstly, the wide variety of their social, political and economic views, and, secondly, the elite's resort to direct contact with Western governments and peoples in communicating and promoting their political ideology, thus facilitating the realization of the Zionist project.
文摘One of the grand problem in the contemporary political history of Ethiopia is an incessant struggle for democratic transition and subsequent failures.Since the 1913,all the attempted hoped-for political transitions have been failed to bring democratic political order.Now Ethiopia has got another golden opportunity:a reform within EPRDF under the reformist prime minster Dr.Abiy Ahmed.However,the polemical question is whether the current democratic transition will success(bring democratic consolidation)or fail(reversion to authoritarianism).This paper,therefore,examined anatomy of missed opportunities for change in the modern Ethiopian political history with the intent of drawing the lessons to be taken into consideration from the past failures for current political reform the country has undergone.The study employed qualitative research approach in which data are gathered through document review and analyzed using critical discourse and historical narrative analysis techniques.The finding of the study shows that in all attempted hoped-for opportunities for change,the elite has followed a winner-takes-all-approach of politics than“a negotiated transition”based on win-win principled politics.Thus,all hoped-for-reform attempts are hijacked by the then elite aspiring hegemonic leadership,business as usual,and paradoxically it replaced new dictators who are more repressive and brutal than their predecessors.These historical legacies has also impacted the current transition the country undergone Therefore,this study suggests that there is a need to draw lesson from past failure:“decolonizing mind”and deconstructing a hyperbolically constructed invented myths that hindered societal transformation via epistemic community is an imperative to realize the country’s aspiration towards a democratic political order.
文摘Since the 1980s, a whole class of economic capable persons has emerged along with China's rural economic development. This class actively participates in grassroots politics and even leads local village governance, creating a unique, novel pattern of village governance in China. This pattern has far-reaching implications for the use of power in China's villages and for the management of grassroots communities. First, it represents democracy-based authoritarian politics (democracy-authority politics) and a transition away from traditional rural village "squireship" governance. Second, governance by economic capable persons surpasses the unitary, centralized People's Commune governance, replacing it with a pluralistic model that utilizes grass-roots community management. Third, the self-governing pattern that is emerging, wherein the general public participates in a government that is dominated by an economic capable persons, demonstrates a modification of ideal villager self-governance and also a pragmatic invention based on local political realities. In the long run, this new class emergence has the potential to evolve into a new type of localized politics; with further economic differentiation in rural areas, village governance will become increasingly diversified, where governing by capable persons will be just one feasible option. This pattern is already becoming common in many rural areas, especially those where the nonagricultural economy is relatively developed