A Study on Optimizing the Double-Spine Type Flow Path Design for the Overhead Transportation System Using Tabu Search Algorithm

Optimizing Flow Path Design(FPD)is a popular research area in transportation system design,but its application to Overhead Transportation Systems(OTSs)has been limited.This study focuses on optimizing a double-spine flow path design for OTSs with 10 stations by minimizing the total travel distance for both loaded and empty flows.We employ transportation methods,specifically the North-West Corner and Stepping-Stone methods,to determine empty vehicle travel flows.Additionally,the Tabu Search(TS)algorithm is applied to branch the 10 stations into two main layout branches.The results obtained from our proposed method demonstrate a reduction in the objective function value compared to the initial feasible solution.Furthermore,we explore howchanges in the parameters of the TS algorithm affect the optimal result.We validate the feasibility of our approach by comparing it with relevant literature and conducting additional tests on layouts with 20 and 30 stations.

Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Evaluation along the Flow Path in the Unconfined Aquifer of the Düzce Plain, North-western Turkey

The Diizce Plain has a multi-aquifer system, which consists of a near surface unconfined aquifer, along with first and second deeper confined aquifers. Hydrochemical evolution and water quality are related to infiltration of the precipitation, recharge from the formations surrounding the plain, flow path of groundwater and the relationship between surface and groundwater. The groundwater in the unconfined aquifer flows towards the Efteni Lake and the Biiyiik Melen River. Surface waters are divided into two main hydrochemical facies in the study area： （a） Ca2＋-HCO3-; and （b） Ca2＋, Mg2＋-HCOc-, SO4^2-. The groundwater has generally three main hydrochemical facies： （a） Ca2＋-HCO3-; （b） Ca2＋, Mg2＋-HCO3-; and （c） Ca2＋, Mg2＋-HCO3-, Cl-. The hydrochemical facies ＂a＂ and ＂b＂ dominate within shallow depths in recharge areas under rapid flow conditions, while hydrochemical facies ＂c＂ characterizes shallow and mixed groundwater, which dominate intermediate or discharge areas （near Efteni Lake and Biiyiik Melen River） during low flow conditions and agricultural contamination. Calcium and bicarbonate ions, total hardness and electrical conductivity of total dissolved solids （EC-TDS） values increase along the groundwater flow path; but these parameters remain within the limits specified by the standards set for industrial and agricultural usages.

Using Path Analysis to Identify the Influence of Climatic Factors on Spring Peak Flow Dominated by Snowmelt in an Alpine Watershed

Spring snowmelt peak flow(SSPF) can cause serious damage. Precipitation as rainfall directly contributes to the SSPF and influences the characteristics of the SSPF, while temperature indirectly impacts the SSPF by shaping snowmelt rate and determining the soil frozen state which partitions snowmelt water into surface runoff and soil infiltration water in spring. It is necessary to identify the important and significant paths of climatic factors influencing the SSPF and provide estimates of the magnitude and significance of hypothesized causal connections between climatic factors and the SSPF.This study used path analysis with a selection of five factors – the antecedent precipitation index(API),spring precipitation(SP), winter precipitation as snowfall(WS), <0°C temperature accumulation in winter(|ATN|), and average >0°C temperature accumulation in spring(AT) – to analyze their influences on the SSPF in the Kaidu River in Xinjiang,China. The results show that |ATN|, AT and WS have a significant correlation with the SSPF, while API and SP do not show a significant correlation. AT and WS directly influence the SSPF, while as the influence of |ATN| on SSPF is indirect through WS and AT. The indirect influence of |ATN| on SSPF through WS accounts for 69% of the total influence of |ATN| on SSPF. Compared to the multiple linear regression method, path analysis provides additional valuable information, including influencing paths from independent variables to the dependent variable as well as direct and indirect impacts of external variables on the internal variable. This information can help improve the description of snow melt and spring runoff in hydrologic models as well as the planning and management of water resources.

DISCUSSION ON MINIMUM FLOW MODEL FOR ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH HAMILTONIAN PATH PROBLEM

A negative example shows that the model given by Mason Iri is used to prove that the relationship between the minimum flow problem and the Hamiltonian path problem in a (directed) network, is not rigorous. A new model called minimum spanning flow in a network is established to revise the old one. It is proved that the problem of determining whether there is a Hamiltonian path from a specified vertex s to another t on a given digraph can be reducible at polynomial time to the problem of constructing a minimum spanning flow in a two-terminal extended network Ni.t, with the unit capacity for all arcs.

Reservoir stress path and induced seismic anisotropy： results from linking coupled fluid-flow/geomechanical simulation with seismic modelling

We present a workflow linking coupled fluid-flow and geomechanical simulation with seismic modelling to predict seismic anisotropy induced by non-hydrostatic stress changes. We generate seismic models from coupled simulations to examine the relationship between reservoir geometry, stress path and seismic anisotropy. The results indicate that geometry influences the evolution of stress,which leads to stress-induced seismic anisotropy. Although stress anisotropy is high for the small reservoir, the effect of stress arching and the ability of the side-burden to support the excess load limit the overall change in effective stress and hence seismic anisotropy. For the extensive reservoir, stress anisotropy and induced seismic anisotropy are high. The extensive and elongate reservoirs experience significant compaction, where the inefficiency of the developed stress arching in the side-burden cannot support the excess load.The elongate reservoir displays significant stress asymmetry,with seismic anisotropy developing predominantly along the long-edge of the reservoir. We show that the link betweenstress path parameters and seismic anisotropy is complex,where the anisotropic symmetry is controlled not only by model geometry but also the nonlinear rock physics model used. Nevertheless, a workflow has been developed to model seismic anisotropy induced by non-hydrostatic stress changes, allowing field observations of anisotropy to be linked with geomechanical models.

Retrofit on Low Pressure Cylinder Flow Path Succeeded

The retrofit on flow path of low pressure cylinder of domestic made 200 MW steam turbine undertaken by Longwei Power Generation Technology Service Company Ltd by using Westinghouse technology was successful for the first time on the No. 5 unit of Zhenhai Prover Plant. Zhejiang Province. The test carried out by the Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute showed that the thermal efficiency after the retrofit

Flow Path(路径跟随)在电视包装中的高级应用3实例

本文介绍了以Flow Path(路径跟随)技术制作三种动画案例的应用,3个例子分别为基本光效,水墨龙动画制作,超逼真飘带制作。

有机工质向心透平气动设计与性能优化研究

为提升有机工质向心透平的效率与性能,对400 kW有机工质向心透平进行了一维气动设计。在一维气动设计结果的基础上进行建模,并结合三维数值模拟预测了有机工质向心透平在设计工况下的性能。以向心透平等熵效率为目标,采用均匀试验法对动叶轮的子午流道进行优化设计。结果表明:与原始向心透平相比,优化后的向心透平流场压力分布层次更加分明,整体熵增减小,产生的摩擦损失、尾迹损失明显减小,叶片做功能力增大,向心透平内部的流动情况得到了改善,等熵效率由原来的82.33%提高到85.92%,输出功率也增大了18.04 kW。

从场空间到流网络:粤港澳大湾区城市群空间结构特征及优化路径研究

检视粤港澳大湾区城市群空间结构演化趋势,对纵深推动大湾区高质量发展意义重大。本研究因应数字经济对区域要素流动结构的影响,提出粤港澳大湾区“流网络”分析框架,并以首位度和齐普夫法则测度传统空间结构特征,以上市企业的“总部—分支”机构分布测度流网络特征。结果表明:大湾区总体经历了先集聚再分散的发展过程;各城市人口分布梯度不合理,核心城市的人口扩张推动了城市群的定型。大湾区经济规模结构呈现帕累托分布模式,各城市经济规模变差较大。从城际联系来看,广州深圳之间具有高联通度,形成了联通走廊,2000年以来深圳的相对联通度高居首位,区域网络日渐完善。未来,应织密高效的综合交通网络,加速市场一体化进程、构建“双核三圈”网络型城市群体系、设立“广深接合片区”并加快打造“广深联动走廊”,开创大湾区高质量协同发展新格局。

PB840呼吸机气路分析及故障维修

呼吸机是一种能替代患者自主通气的医疗仪器,广泛应用于呼吸衰竭患者、呼吸支持治疗以及急救复苏过程,是医院急诊、重症加强护理病房最重要的抢救仪器。本文介绍了2例PB840呼吸机故障,故障现象均为呼吸机报警、停止送气,报警代码相似。第1例故障经过呼吸机扩展自检(Extenden Self Test,EST)后分析自检数据,发现为呼出端流量传感器Q3故障,经过柠檬酸浸泡处理Q3后故障解除;第2例故障为氧气调零流量检测失败,具体原因为氧比例电磁阀故障,更换配件后故障解除。通过两例故障提示维修人员需熟悉仪器的气路图,熟练掌握呼吸机EST方法,提高维修准确度。

基本路径测试技术及应用研究

基本路径测试法是一种白盒测试方法,文章将程序流程图映射成流图,探讨了程序的3种基本结构映射成流图的方法,计算了流图的环形复杂度并确定了基本测试路径,从而为每条基本路径设计了测试用例。实践证明,基本路径测试法适用于执行路径较多的程序,通过选择有代表性的路径进行测试,可有效提高测试效率。

基于数据流传播路径学习的智能合约时间戳漏洞检测

智能合约是一种被大量部署在区块链上的去中心化的应用.由于其具有经济属性,智能合约漏洞会造成潜在的巨大经济和财产损失,并破坏以太坊的稳定生态.因此,智能合约的漏洞检测具有十分重要的意义.当前主流的智能合约漏洞检测方法(诸如Oyente和Securify)采用基于人工设计的启发式算法,在不同应用场景下的复用性较弱且耗时高,准确率也不高.为了提升漏洞检测效果,针对智能合约的时间戳漏洞,提出基于数据流传播路径学习的智能合约漏洞检测方法Scruple.所提方法首先获取时间戳漏洞的潜在的数据传播路径,然后对其进行裁剪并利用融入图结构的预训练模型对传播路径进行学习,最后对智能合约是否具有时间戳漏洞进行检测.相比而言,Scruple具有更强的漏洞捕捉能力和泛化能力,传播路径学习的针对性强,避免了对程序整体依赖图学习时造成的层次太深而无法聚焦漏洞的问题.为了验证Scruple的有效性,在真实智能合约的数据集上,开展Scruple方法与13种主流智能合约漏洞检测方法的对比实验.实验结果表明,Scruple在检测时间戳漏洞上的准确率,召回率和F1值分别可以达到0.96,0.90和0.93,与13种当前主流方法相比,平均相对提升59%,46%和57%,从而大幅提升时间戳漏洞的检测能力.

碎石土细颗粒迁移特征及优先流形成路径

碎石土是一种非连续、非均质的结构性材料,由于内部含有大量碎石块,容易形成架空结构,使其内部形成复杂独特的渗流通道即优先流通道,碎石土优先流通道是包括水分运移和土体细颗粒迁移的复杂过程,但在研究其优先流路径时通常只考虑了水分的运移而忽略了细颗粒的迁移,颗粒迁移与通道形成密切相关。为此,对两种不同级配土柱(粗细颗粒连续级配和间断级配)分别进行饱和渗流-颗粒迁移试验,从细颗粒迁移的角度分析通道形成的时空发展规律。试验结果表明:细颗粒迁移一部分由于流失引起碎石土渗透性增大,另一部分由于重新沉积而堵塞局部孔隙,降低渗透性,两者作用结果最终加速优先流通道形成;连续级配的碎石土形成大面积交叉分布的管网状渗流通道,间断级配的碎石土则形成集中渗流通道;相同水力条件下,不同级配细颗粒迁移的空间分布特征不同,连续级配的碎石土细颗粒迁移不随空间位置的差异而发生变化,间断级配的碎石土细颗粒迁移随空间位置的差异而发生变化,两种级配下碎石土细颗粒主要流失量的粒径范围均在1~0.075 mm;不同水力梯度条件下,连续与间断级配试验细颗粒流失量均随水力梯度增加而增大,间断级配的碎石土破坏时水力梯度小于连续级配破坏时水力梯度,间断级配碎石土更容易发生破坏。研究成果为进一步揭示碎石土优先流形成机理提供试验依据。

裂缝泡沫流动特征及改进Dijkstra算法优势通道预测

泡沫在复杂缝网中的流动规律尚不明确,利用多种组合可视化裂缝模型,观察了泡沫在裂缝中的流动特征,采用改进的Dijkstra算法确定裂缝网络节点的加权图,预测了泡沫流动路径。结果表明,泡沫体积分数为90%时其流动阻力达到最大,泡沫在不同开度的平行裂缝流动时,优先在大开度裂缝中流动,在小开度的裂缝中存在气体滞留。在复杂缝网模型中,基于泡沫流体的波及范围和调堵机制对Dijkstra算法进行改进,模拟结果能够在一定程度上与实验结果进行拟合。这些发现验证了泡沫在裂缝型油藏中流动时考虑裂缝的必要性。

室外换热器可变流路设计及试验分析

为了确定制冷与制热模式下换热器的最优流路,建立了空调室外机的蒸发器/冷凝器仿真模型,并将换热器仿真模型耦合入系统仿真中,分析了不同流路对系统换热量及系统性能的影响,以确定换热器在制冷与制热模式下所对应的最优流路。结果表明,当分路数在5~20范围内变化时,在制冷模式下整机能力及性能随着分路数增大而减小,在制热模式下整机能力及性能随着分路数增大呈现先增加后减小的趋势;制冷模式下的优选分路数为5~7路,制热模式下的优选分路数为14~16路。在此基础上,通过单向阀与电磁阀设计了制冷/制热模式下室外机运行分路数为7路/14路的可变流路方案,试验测试结果表明,各测试工况下能效均有提升且全年能源消耗能效(APF)提高5.4%,超低温为-15℃时制热量提升6.0%,性能提升2.8%。本文研究结果可为换热器设计优化领域的研究人员提供参考。

环境驱动无人船大洋长航程路径规划研究

环境驱动无人船,如波浪滑翔机、saildrone等,由于自身低航速性、欠驱动性和弱机动性,导致其在大洋航行时受洋流干扰显著,甚至在部分强洋流海域出现失控的情况。本文基于先验已知的动态流场,通过B样条控制点随机生成无人船路径,并计算每一条路径在动态流场中考虑路径距离、航行速度以及路径光滑度的综合代价函数,使用遗传算法迭代搜索最优控制点组合。此外,考虑到大洋长航程路径规划中时间跨度长的特点,将出发时间作为路径优化参数,对比分析不同出发时间对行程用时的影响。仿真表明,所提出的路径规划策略能够有效提升大范围动态流场中欠驱动无人船的平均航速,缩短目标抵达时间。同时,在大范围长时序航行中,选择适当的出发时间可以进一步缩短行程用时。

图论在网络的可靠性分析中的应用—对基于1-critical-pathsubset网络的性能分析

本文对一种网络流模型的可靠性进行分析 .在这个模型中 ,我们考虑一对源节点和汇节点的图 ,它的弧是随机失效的 .当网络最大流大于正常工作流 ,我们就说系统是正常工作的 .考虑正常工作流的一种特殊情况 ,这里 ,所有的弧都具有相同的容量 .在这种特殊的情况中 ,潜在的系统是 1- critical的 ,也就是说 ,所有的弧的最小截大小为 2 .此时 ,问题转化为在有向图中 ,求所有的失效弧都在同一条路径上的概率 。

基于点-弧、弧-路模型的集装箱循环班列车流组织研究

立足“公转铁”和“散改集”货源,基于集装箱运输需求的变化性和区域的不均衡性,为了实现集装箱和车辆的均衡发展、改善集装箱运输组织模式,从而充分利用铁路运输能力、提升铁路货运服务质量,围绕一种新型集装箱班列组织模式—固定车底循环班列,探讨其开行条件、班列走行径路等问题。以空车总走行距离最小为目标建立集装箱固定车底循环班列车流组织的点-弧模型,以求解循环班列的弧段选用和弧段上分配的箱流量;考虑循环班列的走行径路特点,以空车总运输成本最小为目标建立弧-路模型,以求解循环班列的走行路径和弧段上分配的箱流量。基于20英尺35 t通用箱的市场使用情况,以35 t通用箱的运单数据作为实证研究,设计搜索循环班列可行路径的算法,利用Gurobi求解器求解2种模型,分析求解结果得到了车流组织方案。对比分析2类模型在计算效率和求解结果等方面的区别,验证了模型的有效性。案例结果表明:点-弧模型求解速度快但无法直观得到走行径路和分配结果,弧-路模型对大规模网络的求解效率较低但能直接得到走行径路和分配结果,集装箱循环班列的车流组织方案可根据运输需求的空间分布和运输组织的复杂性进行调整,以提升运输效率。本研究成果能够为丰富铁路货运产品、设计循环班列组织方案提供理论方法。

Mod FLOW 在渗滤液泄漏对地下水环境影响风险分析中的应用

通过垃圾填埋场调节池渗滤液泄漏情景的设定,确定氨氮、COD为污染物的评价因子,基于Visio Mod FLOW软件中的Mod FLOW和MT3DMS模型对模拟区的地下水流场和污染物时空分布加以模拟,给出污染物的运移路径、影响范围、影响时间及污染物浓度分布情况,并布置模拟监测点,给出监测点的污染物浓度实时变化情况。

校企人才双向流动的效能、困境与实践路径

在当前高职产教融合实践中,高职院校和企业间人才的合理、有效交流有利于缓解高职院校教师队伍结构性失衡问题,有利于提升高职院校教育教学水平和人才培养质量,有利于促进企业创新发展。针对校企人才双向流动过程中存在的政策制度低效、运行机制不健全以及校企价值错位导致双向流动效果不佳等问题,从完善政策制度、深化校企合作、健全运行机制等方面探讨提升校企人才双向流动实效的实践路径,实现职业教育链和产业链的有效衔接。