Prediction Method and Green Control Technology of Thrips on Winter Vegetable Cowpea in Sanya City

[ Objectives ] The paper investigated the occurrence and damage of thrips on winter vegetable cowpea in Sanya City, to summarize prediction method and control measures against the insect pest. [ Methods] Prediction through analogy suggested that cowpea could be damaged by thrips throughout the entire growth period. [Results] The peak occurrence and damage period of thrips was after transplanting of cowpea from December to early March in the following year. The occurrence of thrips was severe in the case of high temperature and drought, or was light when encountering rainy season. [ Conclusions ] Using fivepoint sampling method, blue boards were hanged up for monitoring （five pieces each point, specifieation 25 cm × 30 cm）. When the number of thrips on blue board reached 10 specimen/piece, it was the optimal control period of thrips, and different prevention and control measures could be adopted according to the specifi growth stages of cowpea.

Green Control Measures of Weeds in Wheat Fields in Hetao Irrigation Area along the Yellow River

This study was conducted to solve the problem of green weed control in wheat fields in Hetao irrigation area among the Yellow River.Based on the observation of the competition between wheat and weeds in areas where weeds occurred seriously in wheat fields in Hetao irrigation area among the Yellow River,we measured the effects of green weed control measures and wheat yield using different wheat varieties,planting densities,different organic fertilizers,different ploughing times,and different mulching methods.The results showed that the emergence of weeds in wheat fields dominated by Chenopodiaceae weeds,grain amaranth and barnyard grass was more than 10 d later than wheat.Weeds were mainly distributed between rows(holes),and the number of plants accounted for 66.6%(drill seeding)and 97.6%(hole seeding),respectively.And the growth of weeds in rows(holes)was weaker,and the fresh weight of individual plants was 39.3%-41.9%lower than that between rows(holes).The ecological weed inhibitory effect was significant in the early stage of wheat growth;and among the green weed control measures,except that different varieties and planting densities caused no significant difference in weed control effect,other measures had obvious weed control effects.Comprehensive comparison showed that the control effects of plant number in black film full-covered hole seeding,conventional film-covered hole seeding,increasing ploughing times,and applying organic fertilizer free of weed seed pollution were 82.3%,71.7%,22.0%,and 8.6%,respectively;the fresh weight control effects of black film full-covered hole seeding,conventional film-covered hole seeding,increasing ploughing times,and applying organic fertilizer free of weed seed pollution were 98.0%,97.1%,23.9%,and 9.6%,respectively;and the fresh weight control effects of black film full-covered hole seeding,conventional film-covered hole seeding and increasing ploughing times increased wheat yield by 69.4%,56.4%and 21.1%,respectively.The technologies in this study can realize the purposes of mechanized green weed control in organic wheat production and low-cost,high-yield,large-scale production.

Technical Points of Green Prevention and Control Technology of Major Diseases and Pests in Lixian Rhubarb(Rheum palmatum L.)

Based on different types of diseases,pests and weeds in the whole growth period of rhubarb(sowing period-harvesting period),the corresponding green prevention and control technology is proposed,aiming to further reduce the application amount of pesticides and fertilizers in the production of medicinal sources of Lixian rhubarb during the"14 th Five-Year Plan"period.The results will provide a theoretical basis for increasing the promotion and application of agricultural prevention and control(including disease-resistant varieties,ecological regulation),physical prevention and control,biological prevention and control measures,thus ensuring effective protection of the ecological environment,green,healthy and sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine agriculture in Longnan,and source quality of authentic medicinal materials.

Occurrence Factors and Efficient Green Prevention and Control Technology of Peanut Stem Rot Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Southern Mountainous Area of Shandong Province

Peanut stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is a soil-borne disease,and it has become the main disease of peanut in Yimeng mountainous area.S.rolfsii survives the winter as mycelia and sclerotia in soil and debris,becoming the primary source of infection in the following year.The disease resistance of peanut varieties,high temperature and humidity,and cultivation measures are the pathogenic factors affecting the occurrence of peanut stem rot.The disease can be effectively controlled by screening disease-resistant varieties and seed chemical treatment,improving soil by deep tillage and crop rotation,carrying out flowing water management of affected field,cutting off transmission routes,and strengthening seed dressing and triple spraying control.

Development and Application of Green Pest Control Technology in Tea Garden

A discussion on the necessity of green control of tea pests in tea gardens was conducted on the basis of the development process from traditional control, chemical control to green and ecological control. The connotation of green control in tea gardens was analyzed, and physical control and chemo-ecological control, biological control and agricultural control respectively were introduced. Besides, the rational selection and precise use of pesticides were proposed and current problems in the green control of tea gardens in China were introduced.

Present Situation and Control Ideas of Outbreak of Blue-green Algae in Freshwater Lakes in China

Based on the experience and lessons from previous control of lakes, as well as the present situation of water eutrophication and outbreak of blue-green algae in lakes, general ideas of controlling outbreak of blue-green algae in large and middle lakes were proposed. Firstly, it is needed to control serious outbreak of blue-green algae and then build health aquatic ecosystems and corresponding control goals finally. Secondly, quantity of blue-green algae in lakes and lake eutrophication should be reduced at the same time. Thirdly, quantity of reduced blue-green algae must exceed the natural increase of them in quantity persistently, so that outbreak of blue-green algae will reduce and even be eliminated. Fourthly, engineering measures and corresponding safeguard measures to control outbreak of blue-green algae in lakes should be combined.

Community structure and controlled factor of attached green algae on the Porphyra yezoensis aquaculture rafts in the Subei Shoal, China

This study analyzes the community structure, the quantity changes of the algae and the effect of important environmental factors and estimates the total biomass of the attached green algae in the survey areas. The study uses data from surveys of the attached green algae on the Porphyra yezoensis aquaculture rafts and data regarding the environmental factors from October 2010 to April 2011 in the Subei Shoal. The attached green algae on the rafts included Ulva prolifera, Capsosiphon groenlandicus, U. linza, U. intestinalis, U. clathrata, and U. cornpressa. The biomass changes of the attached green algae exhibited an inverted parabola： the biomass was the highest （14 898 t） in April, and was the second highest （2 034 t） in November; it was lowest in February （only 729 t） and increased sharply from March to April. The species diversity differed significantly among the seasons. In September and October, when the P. yezoensis aquaculture rafts were initially set up, the attached green algae had a high biodiversity, while from December to the next February, a variety of green algae species coexisted on the rafts, although the biomass was low, and from March to April, as the biomass increased sharply, the species diversity dropped to the minimum. During this time, C. groenlandicus was apparently dominant with the maximum biomass proportion up to 80%, while the U. prolifera proportion increased exponentially to 20% to 40%. The water temperature had a direct regulating effect on the biomass and the species succession of the attached green algae. The estimation of the community dynamics and the biomass of the green algae provided the evidence needed to track the origin of the large-scale green tide in the southern Yellow Sea.

Green Prevention and Control Technology of Pests in Cotton Fields in Shandong Province

In order to better serve cotton farmers,green prevention and control technologies of pests are formulated according to the sowing,seedling and adult stages of cotton from the aspects of ecological prevention and control,physical prevention and control,biological control and scientific use of pesticides,thus realizing green prevention and control of pests during the whole growth period of cotton.

Green Prevention and Control Technology of Peanut Diseases and Pests in Nanchong City

This paper introduced the main types of peanut pests and diseases in Nanchong City,and proposed green prevention and control technical measures for the reference of local growers.

Occurrence Regularity and Green Prevention and Control Technology of Bradysia odoriphaga in Shandong Province

The occurrence regularity,damage characteristics and difficulties in prevention and control of Bradysia odoriphaga in Shandong Province were elaborated,and effective,economic,no residue,simple and feasible green prevention and control technology were put forward,in order to better guide the Chinese chive production.The study would also promote benign development of Chinese chive industry in Shandong Province.

TECHNIQUES ABOUT DIRECT OPTIMIZING CONTROL OF GREEN SAND QUALITY

Green sand casting is still a main method in the world at present and it isvery significant to develop the technology of controlling green sand quality. A new concept, fromcontents test to contents control, is advanced. In order to realize the new idea, a new method toon-line test active clay and moisture of green sand - double powers energizing alternately (DPEA)method is put forwards. The principle of the new method is to energize standard sand sample with ACand DC powers and to test the electric parameters, and then, to calculate active clay and moistureof green sand by using artificial neural network (ANN). Based on this new method, a directoptimizing system for controlling green sand quality is developed. Techniques about testing andcontrolling methods, hardware and software are discussed.

基于公交优先的干线协调信号控制改进模型

基于公交信号优先策略,对MULTIBAND模型进行改进,重新定义了权重系数、车道清空时间和最小绿波带宽,结合不同相位放行方式实施红灯早断或绿灯延长控制策略,并在此基础上考虑公交车辆的车速与停靠时间,建立对公交车辆的约束,提出基于公交优先的干线协调信号控制改进模型。通过VISSIM仿真,将该模型与传统干线协调信号控制模型对比分析,结果表明:与传统协调控制模型相比,模型使社会车辆平均延误降低了4.77%,停车次数降低了3.77%,公交车辆平均延误降低了11.35%,停车次数降低了2.06%,人均延误降低了7.22%,且在不同的公交流量下均有较好的效果。

Application and Popularization of New Green Prevention and Control Technology for Greenhouse Vegetables in Shouguang City,Shandong Province

In recent years,through financial subsidies,Shouguang City has promoted the application of electrostatic sprayer,dual-purpose fog and mist sprinkler machine,Bacillus cereus,flame disinfection service based on fine rotary tillage and multi-functional plant protection machine and other new green prevention and control products and technologies for the greenhouse vegetable in the city. As a result,the utilization rate of pesticides was increased by more than 5%,and the application rate was reduced by more than 10%.

Automated Smart Utilization of Background Lights and Daylight for Green Building Efficient and Economic Indoor Lighting Intensity Control

The ways which are used today in order to light houses, offices, and most of the indoor areas are inefficient as a lot of energy is consumed unnecessarily during the day time. Mainly this problem because the interior lighting design consider the worst case when the light service is at night, which is not always valid. Also in most cases the lighting system design relies on people to control the lights switching on and off. This problem is also one of the design concerns in Green Building. In this paper, a solution to this problem and a method for people’s comfort who use the indoor facilities in industrial buildings is presented. In the proposed smart lighting system, lights switch on automatically when there is somebody in the room or in the occupied space and switch off when there is no occupancy. In addition to this known technique, adjustment of the brightness level of the lights will be possible via the personal computer or any other smart device. In this method, for the illumination level in the area, where is needed to be controlled for better energy saving, the light automatically is measured by the sensor and considering the amount of background lights coming from outside, automatically the brightness of lights is controlled to reach the preset level that determined for that room. By the means of this method, it is possible to provide better user comfort, avoid human forcedness to switch the light on and off, and hence effective energy saving. Arduino controller is used to build the controller and to demonstrate the results. Economic analysis was done to calculate the percentage of the energy saving that can be obtained by implementing the proposed smart lighting controller. As an outcome of the economic analysis, energy saving norm for an office with a standard size was calculated.

昆虫对低氧环境的适应性机制研究进展

昆虫需要利用氧气进行有氧呼吸,产生能量,维持正常的生命活动。在储藏环境中,可以利用气调技术控制环境中氧气的占比,以达到防治害虫的目的。然而害虫低氧适应性的发展为这项技术的推广和应用带来挑战。文章围绕低氧对昆虫生长发育、生命活动、生理功能的影响,以及昆虫适应低氧环境的补偿性策略,包括内在调控机制,生物学特性调节,代谢网络重构,基因调控等方面进行了综述。以期为害虫低氧适应性的产生机制提供新的研究线索,为绿色储粮技术的研究及发展提供参考。

科技创新推动茶叶质量安全全程管控能力提升

现阶段我国茶叶质量安全水平高,饮茶安全有保障。茶叶饮用安全得益于茶叶科技创新日益发展,茶园绿色防控技术、清洁化茶叶加工技术、茶叶质量安全精准检测技术与风险评估理论创新,将茶叶质量安全从末端监管调整到从茶园到茶杯的全过程,为茶叶质量安全风险监测、风险控制与风险管理提供强有力的科学支撑。性诱剂化学生态防控技术、杀虫灯与诱虫色板物理诱杀技术、茶尺蠖与茶毛虫病毒生物防治技术、以草抑草绿色除草技术等茶园绿色防控技术从源头提升了茶叶农药残留控制水平;清洁化能源加热替代传统的燃煤燃材加热方式,显著降低了茶叶加工中环境污染物和重金属等有害物质的污染;质谱创新技术将茶叶质量安全检测提升到高通量精准检测与非靶向筛查水平,速测创新技术前移了茶叶农药残留的监测环节。文章介绍了近年来我国茶叶质量安全水平,分析了科技创新对茶叶质量安全全程管控能力提升的推动作用。

脉动燃烧器研究进展及其在病虫害防治中的应用

目前,Helmholtz型脉动燃烧器被广泛应用且前景良好。其具有环保节能、燃烧效率高、传热特性佳、热效率高以及排放污染少等诸多优点。将Helmholtz型脉动燃烧器应用于病虫害防治装备的研制,对稳定作物生产、提高作物品质、增加种植效益以及发展科学植保和绿色植保具有重要意义,有助于保障生态可持续。概述Helmholtz型脉动燃烧器的工作原理,梳理脉动燃烧器的研究发展现状,总结Helmholtz型脉动燃烧器在病虫害防治方面的应用研究。目前便携式脉动燃烧病虫害防治装备存在人机工程学缺陷、土壤蒸汽消毒机热动力源耦合关系不明确、脉动燃烧机理研究不够深入且脉动燃烧器结构简单、装备智能化程度低等问题。提出应用现代化技术研究脉动燃烧机理,研制脉动燃烧病虫害防治装备新型结构与机型,运用智能化、现代化技术开发大型车载式病虫害防治机械,发展脉动燃烧病虫害防治机械智能控制模块的发展对策。

数字赋能“有效论”:数字化转型对重污染企业绿色创新的双向效应

当前,以大数据、云计算等为代表的数字技术快速发展,为企业绿色创新提供了新动能。然而,数字赋能的“有效性”问题一直在学术界存在争议。基于2010—2020年中国沪深A股重污染企业数据,实证检验了数字化转型对企业绿色创新的影响及作用机制。研究发现,数字化转型与绿色创新之间存在显著的倒“U”型关系,且样本企业广泛分布于倒“U”型曲线最高点的左侧;管控投入在数字化转型与企业绿色创新的关系中发挥部分中介作用。同时,政府补助能够显著强化数字化转型与企业绿色创新之间的倒“U”型关系。异质性分析表明,上述倒“U”型关系主要存在于国有企业和媒体报道较多的企业中。这说明,“技术驱动”有助于重污染企业绿色创新“增量提质”,但过度数字化会诱使企业陷入“技术鸿沟”,不利于数字化与绿色创新的协同推进。因此,重污染企业应找准数字技术赋能生态环境保护的契合点与着力点,政府可以利用补贴政策进一步激励企业数字赋能绿色创新。

绿色治理如何推动高质量发展——基于ESG信息披露质量与绿色投资者进入的关系解释

“十四五”规划和“双碳”目标指出,绿色转型是促进高质量发展的关键。绿色投资者能够有效促进企业绿色效益,因此,吸引绿色投资者向企业聚拢是实现高质量发展的应有之义。以2015—2022年沪深A股上市公司为研究对象,探究ESG信息披露质量对绿色投资者进入的影响。研究发现,ESG信息披露质量与绿色投资者进入显著正相关。机制检验发现,企业ESG信息披露通过缓解双重代理问题、提升企业声誉两条路径吸引绿色投资者进入。进一步分析发现,绿色投资者进入后,能够促进企业绿色创新、缓解融资约束及提升财务绩效。结论为高质量发展背景下,绿色投资者成为企业自觉践行绿色转型理念的重要驱动力提供了经验证据。