Establishment of Green Cotton Regeneration System

[Objective]The aimed to optimize transformation system for Agrobacterium-mediated green cotton shoot tip and provide reference for genetic engineering-assisted breeding of color cotton. [Method]With shoot tip of natural green cotton as receptor and by using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method,the optimum conditions of regeneration system were obtained. [Result]Combining with vacuum infiltration,3-old-day shoot tips were infected for 10 minutes in Abarobacterium suspension with OD600 value about 0.5 followed by co-culture for 24 h on the medium containing MS＋l mg/L KT,pH value of 5.8. The regeneration culture was conducted in MS medium containing l mg/L KT and increasingly 30,50 and 70 mg/L Kan. The highest transformation frequency was 34.6%,and the positive resistant plantlets of green cotton 9804 were obtained. [Conclusion]Green cotton is more beneficial than white cotton to conduct genetic transformation.

Improvement of Fiber Quality by Distant Hybridization in the Green Cotton

In order to improve fiber quality of green cotton,a wide hybrid was used between a green fiber cotton and Sea Island cotton.The results show that the hybrid F1 plants were stable,but F2

Analysis on Green Development Strategy of Xinjiang Cotton

Through on-the-spot investigation and survey in Xinjiang cotton region and relevant data( containing statistical data,online information and government documents,etc.),the characteristics of water resource,wind-sand disaster,soil salinization,cotton diseases,insect pests and weeds in Xinjiang are studied. It is proposed reasons and specific programmes of green development strategy of Xinjiang cotton,and specific strategies contain ecological water supply,land desertification control,soil improvement,and ecological control of diseases,insect pests and weeds,thereby providing the support for sustainable development of Xinjiang cotton.

Promoting Cotton Green Production in Shandong through Accelerating Simplified Cultivation Technique

At present,the comparative benefits and comparative labor productivity of cotton production are relatively low,and cotton production and industrial development of cotton get seriously frustrated. The fundamental reason is that the quality of cotton production development and the development mode are not suitable for the market demands. In this situation,the cotton production and development must take the road of green development concept as the guidance,and improve the quality and benefits of cotton development. Finally,it came up with the basic idea,technical approach and industrial mode of taking simplified cultivation technique as the support,to promote green and efficient cotton production in Shandong Province.

Dyeing of S/J Cotton Knit Fabric with Natural Dye Extracts from Green Walnut Shells: Assessment of Mordanting Effect on Fastness Properties

In this study, aqueous extraction method is used because of its high extraction ratio, light fastness and also functional properties. In 1st phase, for dyeing S/J cotton knit fabric with green walnut power ferrous sulfate is considered as a mordant. In this study, three different mordanting methods such as pre-, meta-, and post-mordanting are conveyed the dyeing process with the state of metallic mordant and without metallic salt mordants. In 2nd phase, in dyeing for fixation ferrous sulfate was considered as mordants. Furthermore, the analysis and evaluation of each colour dyed material was done through following two terms for instance CIELAB (L*, a*, and b*) and K/S values. According to AATCC test methods, colour fastness to washing, crocking, perspiration of the dyed samples is determined whereas according to the ISO standard, the colour fastness to light was estimated and tested. When dyeing was carried out on S/J cotton knit fabric through considering optimum parameter like at 80&degC for 60 min and at pH 4 which showed optimum results. From the results we can see, very good wash fastness was obtained while there is no fading of the colour, whereas the outstanding and moderate level of colour fastness to light and crocking is achieved.

响应面优化超声提取绿色棉纤维总黄酮

【目的】优化超声提取绿色棉纤维中总黄酮工艺条件,为合理利用及鉴别天然绿色棉纤维提供依据。【方法】以天然绿色棉纤维为原料,利用超声空化效应加速黄酮溶解于乙醇中,在单因素试验基础上,结合Box-Benhnken中心组合原理及响应面设计优化试验条件。【结果】料液比为1∶50 g/mL时,总黄酮得率达到最大值,提取最适料液比为1∶50 g/mL,响应面试验中建立的模型的CV值=0.87%,影响绿色棉纤维总黄酮得率的顺序为提取时间>乙醇浓度>料液比,A料液比为1∶50 g/mL、B乙醇浓度50%、C提取时间50 min为最佳提取条件。【结论】超声波法提取绿色棉纤维总黄酮的最佳条件参数为料液比1∶50 g/mL、乙醇浓度50%、提取时间50 min;获得平均总黄酮得率为5.25%。

棉短绒纤维素/聚丙烯酰胺复合水凝胶的合成及絮凝性能研究

以棉短绒(MCC)为原料､丙烯酰胺(Acrylamide,AM)为单体､过硫酸铵(Ammonium persulfate,APS)为引发剂､N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(N,N′-Methylenebisacrylamide)为交联剂,采用水溶液聚合的方式共聚制备水凝胶绿色絮凝材料。考察了体系共聚时间､共聚温度､APS投加量和单体质量比对接枝率的影响。利用红外光谱(FT-IR)､X射线衍射(XRD)､热重分析(TG)､扫描电镜(SEM)和Zeta电位等对所制备的材料进行表征,并考察其对高岭土模拟废水的絮凝效果。结果表明,当AM与MCC质量比为5∶1､引发剂投加质量为0.06 g､反应温度为50℃､反应时间为3 h时,可制得较高接枝率的产品,且其对pH为3､7､11高岭土悬浊液(300 mg/L)的浊度去除率分别达到98.6%､97.6%和98.3%,表现出良好的絮凝性能。

花型智能设计真丝棉针织物数码印花工艺研究

采用12%桑蚕丝、42%竹纤维、46%长绒棉,并线成9.0tex(65^(S))双股纱,用单面大圆机织造成真丝棉针织单面布,经烧毛、丝光、退煮漂、智能设计花型、数码印花、蒸化、水洗、柔软定形、蒸呢、预缩等工序加工制成。探讨了AI智能图案设计,AI智能在线配色把控流行色彩,一键试衣立体仿真展示;喷头工作的区域加装密封舱,解决喷印时飞墨产生的污染;烘干装置和喷印系统分隔成两个空间,既避免喷嘴堵塞,又减少空调耗电量,实现绿色智能化生产。并指出了所得产品质感光滑、贴身凉爽、花型前卫时尚,是一款优良的高档绿色数码印花面料。

基于无人机RGB影像的棉花苗期株数提取研究

快速、准确、大范围地获取棉花苗期株数对于棉花早期育种决策以及实现棉田的精准管理起着至关重要的作用。针对棉花苗期田间存在盖地膜等干扰易对株数提取造成影响,提出一种基于过红指数和超绿指数,结合图像处理方法对无人机RGB影像进行棉花株数统计的方法。利用新疆阿克苏地区阿瓦提县的棉田无人机影像进行研究,对采集到的数据进行预处理、超绿指数(ExG)和过红指数(ExR)计算、Otsu阈值分割等处理,经处理后的二值图像噪点以及盖地膜产生的误分类像选择采用Majority分析处理进行去噪,其中对Majority分析中的3×3、5×5、7×7、9×9不同大小的变换核的去噪效果进行对比分析,实现对棉花苗期株数的提取。经试验得出在过红指数9×9变换核处理下棉花株数提取效果最好,统计的株数准确率达到97.84%。超绿指数在不同大小的变换核处理后的棉花株数统计准确率都在95%以上,其中基于5×5变换核提取的棉花株数准确率达到98.86%。本方法不仅能够提高棉花株数统计的准确性,也可为棉田早期育种,精准管理提供技术支撑。

New clues concerning pigment biosynthesis in green colored fiber provided by proteomics-based analysis

To separate the proteins related to pigment synthesis in green colored fiber （GCF）, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis to identify the differentially expressed proteins between green cotton fiber and a white near-isogenic line （NIL）. One differential spot identified as phenylocumaran benzylic ether redutase-like protein （PCBER） was expressed only in GCF, but was not found in white colored fiber （WCF） at any time points. Since PCBER was a key enzyme in lignans biosynthesis, total lignans were extracted from GCF and WCF and their content was determined by using a chromotropic acid spectrophotometric method. The results showed that total lignans content in GCF was significantly higher than that in WCF. The qPCR analysis for two PLR genes associated with lignans biosynthesis showed that the expression level of two genes was much higher in GCF than that in WCF at 24 and 27 days post anthesis （DPA）, which may be responsible for the higher lignans content in GCF. Our study suggested that PCBER and lignans may be responsible for the color difference between GCF and WCF. Additionally, p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde （DMACA） staining demonstrated that the pigment in GCF was not proanthocyanidins, and was different from that in brown colored fiber （BCF）. This study provided new clues for uncovering the molecular mechanisms related to pigment biosynthesis in GCF.

Transformation of Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) with gfp Gene as a Visual Marker

The green-fluorescent protein （gfp） gene was evaluated as a screening marker during cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） transforming and plant regeneration. High expression of GFP （green-fluorescent protein） was observed in transgenic cells as early as 42 h after co-culture with Agrobacterium. Most of the stable transformation events were detected in the cells of primary vascular tissue. GFP transient expression could be detected on all the explants after co-culturing for 4 d, however, the highest GFP stable expression was recorded when the explants were co-cultured for 3 d. We believe the transient and stable expression of a foreign gene in genetic transformation were two relative but different events, because high transient expression did not surely lead to high stable transformation. Under the same conditions of in vitro culture, transgenic and non-transgenic calli exhibited different morphological characters on different stages of development. High concentration of plant growth regulators （PGRs） was efficient for somatic embryogenesis of the transgenic calli, which means that the transgenic calli need relatively higher dose of hormone for further growth and somatic embryogenesis than non-transgenic ones. Strong GFP-expression was observed in leaf, stem, petioles, floral tissues, and seedlings of T~ progeny. Segregation ratios of eight transgenic lines were scored for expression of GFP in the T~ progeny that providing further evidence of stable transformation. These results proved that GFP is a powerful reporter gene for protocol optimization, selection, and monitioring in whole transformation events.

全棉成衣印花前处理的绿色加工工艺

以Cleantech 608C及Cleantech 620N对全棉印花成衣进行低温无碱绿色漂白,探讨了Cleantech 608C及Cleantech 620N用量、漂白温度、时间等因素对漂白工艺的影响。低温无碱漂白工艺较传统工艺有更高漂白稳定性,且节能减排效果显著。

植物中药抗菌驱蚊功能棉纤维的制备及性能

为了赋予棉纤维抗菌、防蚊功能,将植物精油微胶囊、尼姆树果实、绿茶提取物配制成一定浓度的混合液,再放入经过预处理的棉纤维进行特殊处理,制得抗菌驱蚊棉纤维,并利用相关仪器或设备测试了该纤维的相关性能。结果表明:与未经处理的棉纤维相比,处理后的抗菌驱蚊棉纤维断裂强度降低了0.33 cN/dtex,断裂伸长率增加了1.04%,回潮率增加了1.51%。由抗菌驱蚊棉纤维洗前和水洗20次抗菌效果对比分析可知,功能棉纤维对3种菌的抑制率分别可以达到98.60%、97.22%、95.34%和95.42%、93.51%、90.46%;水洗0次和水洗20次的驱蚊率分别达到78.80%和47.80%。

目标价格政策对棉花绿色全要素生产率影响分析——基于12个棉花主产省面板数据的Malmquist-Tobit模型

全要素生产率是衡量棉花经济增长的重要指标,而绿色全要素生产率则决定棉花产业的可持续发展。运用中国12个棉花主产省的棉花投入产出数据,测算棉花绿色全要素生产率的Malmquist指数并对其进行分解,采用Tobit模型估计棉花目标价格政策核心变量及区域经济发展水平、棉花每公顷收益、棉花产业聚集程度和区域环境投资力度等控制变量对棉花绿色全要素生产率的影响。研究表明:我国棉花绿色全要素生产率为1.02,安徽地区绿色全要素生产率最高为1.92,湖南地区棉花全要素生产率最低为0.91。目标价格政策对棉花绿色全要素生产率无显著影响,而区域经济发展水平、棉花每公顷收益、棉花产业聚集程度和区域环境投资力度则对棉花绿色全要素生产率有显著正向影响。

多孔纤维棉在绿色屋顶中的适配性试验研究

为了解多孔纤维棉在绿色屋顶排(蓄)水层的适配性,分别采用塑料凹凸排水板和多孔纤维棉作为绿色屋顶试验装置的排(蓄)水层,通过模拟降雨试验对外排径流量、水质和植物生长进行监测,探究多孔纤维棉与传统排(蓄)水层材料的差异。结果表明:相较于塑料凹凸排水板,2~8 cm厚的多孔纤维棉更适合作为绿色屋顶的排(蓄)水层,在干旱期可维持植物生长,在降雨期可提高雨水滞留效果和对悬浮物的削减效果,减少TP和COD_(Cr)的淋出,但会加剧TN的淋出。

禾本科绿肥还田对盐碱地棉田土壤碳氮及微生物量碳氮的影响

为探讨绿肥还田对盐碱地棉田土壤碳氮和微生物量碳氮的影响,于2018—2019年选取黑麦草‘冬牧70’和大麦‘驻大麦4号’2种耐低温耐盐碱的禾本科绿肥进行原位还田试验,设置冬闲农田-棉花(T1)、黑麦草-棉花(T2)和大麦-棉花(T3)3个处理,测定不同处理和绿肥还田后不同时期(15 d、50 d、110 d和180 d)棉田土壤有机碳(SOC)、土壤全氮(TN)、土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)和微生物量氮(SMBN)的含量,并计算土壤微生物熵(SMQ)和土壤微生物量碳氮比(SMBC/SMBN)值。结果表明,T2和T3均能显著增加SOC、TN含量,并在180 d时达最大值9.50 g∙kg^(−1)、798.84 mg∙kg^(−1)和9.91g∙kg^(−1)、759.34 mg∙kg^(−1),分别显著高于T1处理。T2和T3的SMBC、SMBN含量在整个还田期的变化动态基本一致,呈前期稳定增长且显著高于T1,后期有所降低且在110 d时略低于T1的变化动态;并且均在50 d时达最大值,此时较T1分别高出81.46%、47.76%和77.33%、43.13%;同时还田后T2处理不同时期的SMBC和SMBN含量均高于T3。SMQ不同处理的变化趋势与SMBC一致,2种绿肥处理除110 d外均高于T1处理,T2在15 d时达到最大值2.82%,而T3在50 d时达到最大值2.98%。各处理SMBC/SMBN值均在4~7之间变化,由此可判断绿肥还田后土壤中微生物群落以细菌为主;同T1相比,除110 d外T2和T3均表现出较高的SMBC/SMBN值。综上所述,在盐碱地冬闲农田种植绿肥并还田可以显著提高棉田土壤碳氮和土壤微生物量碳氮含量,改善土壤微生物群落组成和提高土壤微生物固碳效应,为后茬作物生长提供养分。研究结果对盐碱地冬闲田的合理利用具有指导意义。

棉/莫代尔针织物的槐米与青黛粉套染研究

从自然界的动植物中难以直接提取绿色染料,因此明亮的绿色通常需要采用2种植物染料套染获得。研究了槐米和青黛粉的套染顺序、青黛粉质量浓度和槐米料液比对染色棉/莫代尔针织物L*、a*、b*值及K/S值的影响,并测试了染色织物的色牢度。结果表明:先染青黛后染槐米的织物上染均匀,K/S值更高,颜色也由蓝色更偏向绿色;随着槐米料液比的减小或者青黛粉质量浓度的增大,染色织物的K/S值不断增大,a*值则呈现先减小后增大的趋势,b*值不断增大,L*值不断减小;套染后织物的耐皂洗色牢度和耐摩擦色牢度均达到4~5级,耐日晒色牢度达到3~4级。

6种植物在室外黑棉土绿墙中的应用

以“桃色火焰”矾根(Heuchera micrantha‘Peach Flambe’)、细叶萼距花(Cuphea hyssopifolia)等6种植物为试验材料,在室外黑棉土绿墙上进行栽培试验,以存活率、生长状态、覆盖度及观赏效果为考察指标,对生长适应性、观赏效果进行综合分析。结果表明:银香科科(Teucrium fruticans)、大吴风草(Farfugium japonicum)、“花叶”薜荔(Ficus pumila‘Variegata’)3种植物适应性强,观赏效果好,适宜应用于成都地区室外黑棉土绿墙;“桃色火焰”矾根(H.micrantha‘Peach Flambe’)不耐夏季强光照直射,可考虑应用于耐阴环境的黑棉土绿墙;细叶萼距花(C.hyssopifolia)枝叶易受低温影响,冬季观赏效果较差,可考虑用于小气候较好的黑棉土绿墙;“火焰”南天竹(Nandina domestica‘Fire Power’)生长适应性差,不适宜应用于成都地区室外黑棉土绿墙。

艳绿色染色工艺的质量提高

棉织物染艳绿色常采用活性翠蓝和嫩黄拼色,翠蓝的分子质量大,不易扩散,而嫩黄的反应活性高,容易色花,且其色光艳亮很难由其他染料替代。探究合适的拼染工艺,减少色花的产生,提高艳绿色生产质量是重中之重。首先筛选合适的染料生产厂家,探究最合适的上染温度和盐、碱用量;其次绘制翠蓝和嫩黄的上染和SERF曲线,探究配伍性和反应性;再次,探究预加碱对嫩黄SERF曲线的影响;最后,拼染艳绿色,探究其上色过程,以及盐、碱用量对得色量的影响。结果表明,龙盛的翠蓝和嫩黄染料得色量高;嫩黄直接性不高,反应性高,匀染性较差,通过预加碱可以有效缓解骤染现象;艳绿织物最佳拼染染色工艺为:温度80℃,盐60 g/L,碱10 g/L;预加碱后,翠蓝和嫩黄几乎同步上染;未正式加碱前,艳绿的上染率达到83.33%,织物没有骤染,没有色花,固色率为78.85%。

棕色棉和绿色棉遗传多样性的比较研究

选用240条随机引物,从中筛选出6条对棕色棉新彩1、新彩2和绿色棉新彩3、新彩4及47个彩色棉品种间杂种作了RAPD多态性分析,并在棕色棉、绿色棉和棕绿彩棉3个水平进行聚类和相似性分析。结果表明,棕色棉之间、绿色棉之间及棕绿彩棉之间的遗传距离和相似性差异不显著,它反映了棕、绿彩棉之间的遗传基础比较狭窄,遗传多样性水平相当。可能是因为共同的基础种质资源、相同的育种目标及相近的育种方法造成此结果。