GHANA＇S congested roads have a great impact on all aspects of life. in the West African nation. Statistics from the Motor, Transport and Traffic Unit of the Ghana Police Service indicate that there are an estimated 1...GHANA＇S congested roads have a great impact on all aspects of life. in the West African nation. Statistics from the Motor, Transport and Traffic Unit of the Ghana Police Service indicate that there are an estimated 1.2 million vehicles in Ghana. Sixty percent are in the capital of Accra, with a total road network of 1,632 km, of which only 1,310 km are tarred, making vehicle transportation an arduous process,展开更多
The paper builds up a cost-benefit measuring model of green products in manufacturing industry throughout its full life cycle, which can quantify green products＇ cost and benefit completely and correctly under the ci...The paper builds up a cost-benefit measuring model of green products in manufacturing industry throughout its full life cycle, which can quantify green products＇ cost and benefit completely and correctly under the circumstance of satisfying enterprise, customer, environment and society. It also puts forth an operable method to estimate social benefit by opportunity cost and establishes a profit maximization-programming model. The model can be applied to justify whether some kinds of green products should be developed and produced.展开更多
Urban water-related problems associated with rapid urbanization, including waterlogging, water pollution, the ecological degradation of water, and water shortages, have caused global concerns in recent years. In 2013,...Urban water-related problems associated with rapid urbanization, including waterlogging, water pollution, the ecological degradation of water, and water shortages, have caused global concerns in recent years. In 2013, in order to mitigate increasingly severe urban water-related problems, China set forth a new strategy for integrated urban water management(IUWM) called the "Sponge City". This is the first holistic IUWM strategy implemented in a developing country that is still undergoing rapid urbanization, and holds promise for application in other developing countries. This paper aims to comprehensively summarize the sponge city. First, this paper reviews prior studies and policies on urban water management in China as important background for the sponge city proposal. Then, the connotations, goals, and features of the sponge city are summarized and discussed.Finally, the challenges, research needs, and development directions pertinent to the sponge city are discussed based on investigations and studies conducted by the authors. The sponge city in China has a short history—given this, there are many issues that should be examined with regard to the stepwise implementation of the Sponge City Programme(SCP). Accordingly, the authors perceive this study as only the beginning of abundant studies on the sponge city.展开更多
文摘GHANA＇S congested roads have a great impact on all aspects of life. in the West African nation. Statistics from the Motor, Transport and Traffic Unit of the Ghana Police Service indicate that there are an estimated 1.2 million vehicles in Ghana. Sixty percent are in the capital of Accra, with a total road network of 1,632 km, of which only 1,310 km are tarred, making vehicle transportation an arduous process,
基金This paper is supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China （No.70472034）.
文摘The paper builds up a cost-benefit measuring model of green products in manufacturing industry throughout its full life cycle, which can quantify green products＇ cost and benefit completely and correctly under the circumstance of satisfying enterprise, customer, environment and society. It also puts forth an operable method to estimate social benefit by opportunity cost and establishes a profit maximization-programming model. The model can be applied to justify whether some kinds of green products should be developed and produced.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0401401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51522907&51739011)supported by the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research(Grant No.2017ZY02)
文摘Urban water-related problems associated with rapid urbanization, including waterlogging, water pollution, the ecological degradation of water, and water shortages, have caused global concerns in recent years. In 2013, in order to mitigate increasingly severe urban water-related problems, China set forth a new strategy for integrated urban water management(IUWM) called the "Sponge City". This is the first holistic IUWM strategy implemented in a developing country that is still undergoing rapid urbanization, and holds promise for application in other developing countries. This paper aims to comprehensively summarize the sponge city. First, this paper reviews prior studies and policies on urban water management in China as important background for the sponge city proposal. Then, the connotations, goals, and features of the sponge city are summarized and discussed.Finally, the challenges, research needs, and development directions pertinent to the sponge city are discussed based on investigations and studies conducted by the authors. The sponge city in China has a short history—given this, there are many issues that should be examined with regard to the stepwise implementation of the Sponge City Programme(SCP). Accordingly, the authors perceive this study as only the beginning of abundant studies on the sponge city.
