Optimization of Green Space Plant Configuration in Residential Areas of Chongqing Central Business District Based on Green Plot Ratio—A Case Study of Xuhui City Residential Community

The current urban green space construction was guided by a two-dimensional index evaluation system, resulting in weak ecological benefits of green space. Green plot ratio (GPR), as a three-dimensional indicator, can characterize the ecological benefits of green areas and the ability of green areas to participate in the operation and regulation of urban ecosystems. As an important component of urban green space, the GPR index was added to the two-dimensional index evaluation system to optimize the green space, which can promote the development of low-carbon, healthy and ecological green space. Based on the research of 22 residential districts in the central city of Chongqing, the Leaf area index (LAI) index of common native garden plants in Chongqing was formed to improve the accuracy of green capacity index measurement in Chongqing. The study also took the residential community of Sunrise City in Banan District of Chongqing as an example, and carried out the optimization design practice from four types of residential community green areas: green areas next to houses, road green areas, concentrated green areas, and green areas attached to public service facilities.

Analysis on Green Agriculture Policy during the Development of Eco-city in European Countries and the United States and Policy Recommendations

Ecological agriculture is the important industrial foundation for building eco-cities,while green agriculture policy plays an essential role in promoting sustainable development of ecological agriculture. This paper analyzed the relationship between green agriculture policy and developing eco-cities and characteristics of green agriculture policies in European countries and the United States developing ecological cities.Besides,it summarized experience,in hope of providing beneficial reference for China developing eco-cities.

Exploitation of the Lakeshore Districts under the Guidance of Healthy Lake Concept——The Case of the Wutong Lake Eco-city Project

On the basis of the concept of＂lake ecosystem health＂, the paper proposes that the planning and development of lakeside regions shall be oriented towards the core target of preserving ＂healthy lake＂ and all the construction work in lakeside regions shall be conducted within the ecosystem carrying capacity limits that the lakes can withstand. To achieve this core target, the paper first identifies main indicators describing healthy lake ecosystem and defines the external factors that can influence the health of lake eco-system. Then based on this, two kinds of urban planning methods are proposed to maintain the stability of lake eco-system health through controlling the external factors that can affect the health of lake eco-system. The first is to propose controlling factors in urban planning, such as division of ecological sensitive zones, controlling the development intensity, population capacity and types of industry in the lakeside regions and the second is to construct a monitoring and early warning system for lake eco-system health. The theories and methods mentioned in this paper have been applied to the planning of Wuhan Wutong Lake eco-city.

System Planning of Green Landscapes from the Perspective of Regulatory Planning—A Case Study of Regulatory Detailed Planning of Wenfeng District in Nanchong City,Sichuan Province of China

By taking the regulatory detailed planning of Wenfeng District in Nanchong City for example,public green spaces,protective green spaces and ecological green spaces are planned systematically on the basis of "protective,needs-oriented,systematic and characteristic" principles.Landscape system structure of "one belt,one surface,four axes,five districts and multiple points" was analyzed,concrete designs of landscape infiltration surface,landscape axis and style division elaborated.The way of integrating landscape system planning and current situation was discussed in the image construction of new urban district to co-construct characteristic urban images,realize the coordination of city,environment and culture,optimization of urban eco-environment benefits,orderly and sustainable development of urban ecological conditions.

Landscape Design of Green Spaces in Residential Districts

Field investigation shows that neighboring green space is an important part of the public landscaping for all residential districts,because it is able to highlight effects of landscaping and beautification,satisfy needs of human-centered designs and show individualized landscape characteristics,moreover,it shows great influence on the landscape quality of residential districts.In view of problems in landscape design of residential districts,this study focuses on plant furnishing patterns,landscape demonstration effects and landscape differences,and then gives suggestions correspondingly,for example,plant furnishing patterns and cultural connotations of landscapes should be improved,human needs put on the top priority,and spaces organized in a proper way.The study aims to provide useful reference for the construction of external environment in residential districts.

Regional Research on Urban Green Landscape——A Case Study of Honggu New District in Nanchang City,Jiangxi Province

With the case study of Honggutan New District as reference,this paper elaborated the significance of urban green space;the ecological function and cultural function of green landscape which were respectively manifested in the aspect of living and production and in the aspect of accumulation,sedimentation and renovation mark of urban history development.It also explained the composition of wetland region,the situation that there existed quite a lot of wetland,wetland flower species and landscape types.And the existing problems in the construction of Honggutan green landscape were analyzed,which were the fact that the spatial distribution of plants was unreasonable and impracticable;that the function of green space hadn't been fully displayed,lack of participation;that the landscaping plant was monotonous,short of cultural deposits.On the basis of the design theory of green landscape and the living examples of some developed cities,the regionality of urban green landscape was studied;the design principles of elegance,functionality,people-orientation,regional culture's continuity and ecology were put forward,aiming at providing reference for using different factors of practical measures to achieve landscape eco-design with geographical features.

Reform of Green Spaces in Old Residential Districts——A Case Study of the Old Wujie Residential District of Urumqi Railway Bureau in China

Taking green space reform in the Old Wujie Residential District of Urumqi Railway Bureau for example, current situation of green spaces in old residential districts of Urumqi City was introduced, and problems were summarized as "limited plant species, simple plant furnishings; improper planting location; conflicts between plant and pipe layout; serious competition leading to poor growth of plants; small ratio of green space, worn infrastructure; backward management level, and poor protection consciousness of residents". In view of these problems, relevant suggestions were given to improve infrastructure and plant furnishings in the study district, and to provide reference for green space reform in old residential districts in northwest China.

Urban Green Space, Uneven Development and Accessibility: A Case of Dalian′s Xigang District

This study examines the socio-spatial context of uneven development and the residential accessibility of green space in Dalian of Liaoning Province, China. The social fairness was analyzed with a community scale as the basis. We combined social scientific methods with a GIS method using a behavior accessibility model from the perspectives of fairness of urban green space allocation based on social geography, geographic information science, management science and many other related discipline theories. The results show that: 1) Most of the urban green space distribution presents an unbalanced phenomenon, and it does not match with the population distribution; 2) We found some differences in the accessibility of the population with different attributes and opportunities to use and enjoy the urban green spaces, mainly due to: the dual social and spatial attributes of the residents and the serious stratum differentiation generated were the internal causes; the residential space differentiation and the pursuit of economic and real estate development were the direct causes; and unreasonable planning, in regard to the fact that government policies did not give consideration to efficiency and fairness, was also an important factor.

Status Quo and Development Prospects of Vertical Greening in Urban Districts of Chongqing City

On the basis of investigating vertical greening in urban districts of Chongqing City, major problems were analyzed, dominant greening patterns were summarized, and major plant species suitable for the vertical greening of urban districts in Chongqing City were given. On this basis, key technologies and development prospects of the vertical greening were explored.

Landscape Evaluation of Public Green Spaces in Wuhua District and Panlong District of Kunming City

Wuhua District and Panlong District are two major downtown areas of Kuming City,recent construction and renovation of public green spaces in both districts have achieved considerable fruits.Through sampling major public green spaces in the study districts,plant landscapes were analyzed and compared on the basis of plant landscape evaluation system,principal characteristics of plant landscaping patterns in public green spaces of Kunming City and problems in the construction of public green spaces in both districts were summarized,so as to provide references for the landscape construction of public green spaces in Kunming City.

Landscape Greening of Subway Stations Close to Commercial Districts in Beijing

Due to the rapid urban construction, commercial districts in Beijing are constructed near subway stations. Good landscape greening plays a crucial role in improving the environmental quality of the area around subway stations. At present, there are few studies on the landscape greening around subway stations adjacent to commercial districts. In this paper, field research on landscapes in the commercial district around seven typical subway stations was conducted to monitor real-time noise and crowd activities and analyze the utilization status of street parks, in order to provide a reference for the construction and renovation of the landscape greening around subway stations near commercial districts.

IMPROVING THE EFFECT OF GREENING ON HEAT ISLAND IN URBAN RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS BASED ON REMOTE SENSING AND GIS ANALYSIS

Analyzing the thermal distribution on plane conditions objectively is difficult due to lack of enough meteorological observation stations within urban residential areas. In this paper satellite observations synchronous or quasi-synchronous with ground observations are adopted, and a teleconnection model is built between the satellite spectral and surface temperature for quantitative retrieval of temperature. Furthermore, by combining the satellite data with other multiple factors, a GIS comprehensive analysis model and a functional evaluation method for urban residential districts are established, which are used to study the relation between the air temperature and media characteristics on ground as well as the greening cooling effect in recent years in Shanghai. The results show that the air temperature in greened urban residential districts is generally lower than the average temperature and much less than the highest one. In general,the average air temperature in the greened area is at most 1.19℃ lower than the maximum temperature in the districts,which is 0.67℃ and 0.55℃ lower than that of the highest for buildings and roads respectively. The temperature is inversely proportional with greening fraction but is directly proportional with the ratio of roads and buildings. The higher the greening fraction in internal residential districts, the lower the temperature, and the higher the ratio of road and building is, the higher the temperature.

Structural Analysis of Green Infrastructure in Suzhou Dushu Lake Higher Education District

Green infrastructure (GI) is ecological supporting system for the sustainable development of urban construction,and plays an important role in promoting the urban ecological economic and social development.In this paper,Suzhou Dushu Lake Higher Education District is taken as an example,and landscape ecological resources in Dushu Lake Higher Education District are analyzed on the basis of field investigation.Combining with the relevant theory of green infrastructure,structure of GI in Suzhou Dushu Lake Higher Education District is analyzed and evaluated from hubs,links and sites,and the corresponding optimization strategy is put forward.

Images of Green Landscapes in Huadu District, Guangzhou City

Urban landscape, as an important part of the overall landscape or the overall image of the city, is of great significance in highlighting city features, building green cities, and improving city image, so image of green spaces has become one of the key construction objectives for many cities. Taking Huadu District in Guangzhou City for example, urban green landscape pattern was analyzed from the level of region and district, according to the landscape ecology. The results showed that local green landscapes had many problems such as unreasonable structure, high fragmentation, unbalanced distribution of green space types, poor corridor networks etc.. In view of these problems, countermeasures for improving green landscape images in Huadu District were proposed.

Research on Analysis of Landscape Spatial Characteristic of Urban Green Land in Wuhua District of Kunming City in China

With the help of 1∶20 000 satellite image of Kunming City and its satellite remote sensing image with resolution ratio 10 m, based on statistic data from Greening Department of Wuhua District and data collected through field study, by making use of landscape ecological theory and methods, the paper had selected three indexes reflecting landscape spatial characteristic including average patch area, landscape fragmentation and landscape connectivity, to analyze landscape spatial characteristic of urban green land. And then it obtained that urban green land of Wuhua District was dominated by small patches, and patches' average area was small; urban green patches were small and fragmented, and landscape fragmentation was high; landscape connectivity was weak and ecological corridor was narrow, failing to bring ecological effect of landscape corridor into full display. Finally, in view of these problems, it had proposed suggestions for optimization, so as to provide reference and theoretical guidance for optimizing and creating excellent landscape spatial characteristic of urban green land in Wuhua District and constructing landscape pattern of ecological security.

基于改进潜能模型的城市公园绿地可达性评价与优化布局研究——以重庆市江津区为例

城市公园绿地空间布局因城市的自然条件和社会经济条件不同而具有差异性.当前国内外研究多聚焦发达地区和大城市,而小城市和典型城市的公园绿地可达性研究鲜见,且在案例代表性和数据精度方面还有一定的局限性.选择西南山地类型的重庆市江津区中心城区为案例,以居民小区出入口与公园绿地出入口为研究主体,构建改进潜能模型和网络分析方法,揭示其空间特征和存在问题,参考位置分配模型与调研结果,得出优化布局方案并检验.结果表明,江津区中心城区城市公园绿地布局与服务水平空间差异明显.提出拟新建7个游园与5个社区公园,并将部分公园绿地进行合并扩建或新增出入口.

碳中和目标下中美英绿色生态城区评价标准能源指标的比较与启示

面向碳中和目标,我国《绿色生态城区评价标准》具有优化升级的可能,但优化路径有待探索。通过梳理国外绿色生态城区评价标准发现,评价标准整合碳中和目标是趋势所向,能源指标是评价标准优化升级的重点。对此,选择美国LEED Cities and Communities和英国BREEAM Communities,开展碳中和目标下中美英绿色生态城区评价标准能源指标比较研究。研究表明:美英评价标准能源指标在整合碳中和目标上具有先进性,能源指标分布集中,重视可再生能源与碳排放的评价,且条文细则在“优化能源结构”“注重可再生能源开发”和“建筑与基础设施节能”上已有创新。基于比较结果,对碳中和目标下我国《绿色生态城区评价标准》及其能源指标的优化提出“编制理念及控制项需明确碳中和目标”“调整能源指标的分布情况和分值权重”“能源指标条文细则落位碳中和新技术”3点启示。

基于在线地图路径循迹的山地城市绿色开放空间步行可达性衰减

【目的】精准客观地评估山地城市绿色开放空间的步行可达性,揭示实际可达性与理论可达性之间的衰减状态,为山地绿色开放空间服务能力优化提升提供依据与参考。【方法】以重庆市渝中区为研究范围,依托ArcGIS平台和高德地图应用程序接口(application programming interface,API),引入路径循迹法,从实际步行路径出发量化可达性,并通过对比实际可达性与理论可达性来分析城市整体及绿色开放空间的可达性衰减状态。【结果】1)渝中区绿色开放空间步行可达范围整体衰减面积比为43.19%,且5 min、10 min、15 min阈值内可达范围的衰减面积比分别为32.12%、46.49%、46.30%;2)绿色开放空间衰减程度不均衡,衰减程度大于60%的绿色开放空间有16个,衰减程度最高为87.71%;3)山顶、各级台层和滨江楔形绿色开放空间的高衰减比例相对更高。【结论】进一步从选址、环境和本体3个方面总结衰减原因,并从步行可达性视角提出增量、串联、渗透的山地城市绿色开放空间优化建议,为客观评估山地城市绿色开放空间步行可达性提供思路,对山地城市绿色开放空间服务效能提升具有重要的现实意义。

基于绿色低碳理念的济南中央商务区交通体系构建

济南中央商务区是未来集中展示济南全市改革发展成果,代表东部沿海经济大省省会形象的标志性区域,将汇聚高端业态和超高人气,成为创新、创业、创意的总部基地。为了实现片区低碳交通有序运转,商务区按照“内外衔接、运行高效、低碳易达”的发展目标,在轨道引领、公交优先、慢行优质、多种交通方式协调的绿色低碳理念下,从道路、公交、慢行、停车等四个方面构建了绿色低碳交通体系,同时建立了商务区的交通模型,用以预测片区路网运行效率,分析评价绿色低碳交通体系运行效果。

城市公园绿地可达性与社会公平性研究

【目的】研究城市公园绿地的可达性与社会公平性,为提升公园绿地质量、保障弱势群体环境正义提供科学依据。【方法】以杭州市上城区公园绿地为研究对象,通过获取手机信令、大众点评、兴趣点(POI)等多源大数据,组建数据库,引入公园质量评价结果、吸引力算法和高斯衰减函数,改进两步移动搜索法,计算步行和公共交通模式下居住小区老龄人口获取公园绿地的可达性值,并利用Pearson相关系数分析公园绿地的社会公平性差异及其成因。【结果】(1)上城区各类公园质量存在较大差异,综合得分高于平均值的公园绿地占21.37%。(2)不同交通模式下的可达性程度差异较大,步行模式下65.98%的居住小区可达性值极低,而公共交通模式下可达性值极低的小区占33.81%;随着时间阈值的增大,可达性均出现高值扩散、低值消退的趋势;2种交通模式可达性均呈现集聚分布,公共交通模式下集聚程度更高。(3)上城区公园绿地存在社会不公平现象,步行模式下不公平程度最高,公平性低值达74.8%;叠加分析显示:不公平区域集中在上城区中部,呈片状分布。【结论】公园绿地供给与老龄人口需求之间存在不公平现象。将来,在城市绿地规划建设时应提升现有公园绿地服务质量,完善交通网络,适度增加绿地数量和改善小区居住环境。