Spatial-temporal Divergence Characteristics and Driving Factors of Green Economic Efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt of China

The spatial and temporal variation of green economic efficiency and its driving factors are of great significance for the construction of high-efficiency and low-consumption green development model and sustainable socio-economic development.The research focused on the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)and employed the miniumum distance to strong efficient frontier DEA(MinDs)model to measure the green economic efficiency of the municipalities in the region between 2008 and 2020.Then,the spatial autocorrelation model was used to analyze the evolution characteristics of its spatial pattern.Finally,Geodetector was applied to reveal the drivers and their interactions on green economic efficiency.It is found that:1)the overall green economic efficiency of the YREB from 2008 to 2020 shows a W-shaped fluctuating upward trend,green economic efficiency is greater in the downstream and smallest in the upstream;2)the spatial distribution of green economic efficiency shows clustering characteristics,with multi-core clustering based on‘city clusters-central cities'becoming more obvious over time;the High-High agglomeration type is mainly clustered in Jiangsu and Zheji-ang,while the Low-Low agglomeration type is clustered in the western Sichuan Plateau area and southwestern Yunnan;3)from input-output factors,whether it is the YREB as a whole or the upper,middle and lower reaches regions,the economic development level,labor input,and capital investment are the leading factors in the spatial-temporal evolution of green economic efficiency,with the com-prehensive influence of economic development level and pollution index being the most important interactive driving factor;4)from so-cio-economic factors,information technology drivers such as government intervention,transportation accessibility,information infra-structure,and Internet penetration are always high impact influencers and dominant interaction factors for green economic efficiency in the YREB and the three major regions in the upper,middle and lower reaches.Accordingly,the article puts forward relevant policy re-commendations in terms of formulating differentiated green transformation strategies,strengthening network leadership and informa-tion technology construction and coordinating multi-factor integrated development,which could provide useful reference for promoting synergistic green economic efficiency in the YREB.

Does green finance drive high-quality economic development?-Based on empirical evidence from China

Green finance,as an important branch of modern finance,has far-reaching significance that is not limited to the financial sector.By promoting green investment and optimizing resource allocation,green finance plays a crucial role in reducing environmental pollution and carbon emissions.At the same time,it can also promote the quality of economic growth and achieve the harmonious development of economy,society and environment.Based on China's provincial panel data from 2008 to 2022,the direct impact and indirect transmission mechanism of green finance on high-quality economic development are analyzed by constructing a dynamic panel model and a mediation effect model.It is found that green finance not only directly promotes the high-quality development of the economy,but also indirectly promotes the sustainable and healthy growth of the economy through the transmission channel of technological innovation.This mediating effect of technological innovation is as high as 78.65%,which shows the close connection between green finance and high-quality economic development.In addition,the study also found that the direct promotion effect of green finance on high-quality economic development has significant regional heterogeneity.The results of this study suggest that when formulating relevant policies,it is necessary to fully consider the actual situation of each region and tailor them to the local conditions to ensure the in-depth promotion of green finance and the overall development of the economy.

Construction of Economic Urban Green Spaces with a Case Study of Shijiazhuang City

The accelerating urbanization has brought various problems in environment, land, fund and so on. With the guidance of market economy, economic urban green spaces have become the optimal choice in urban landscaping of China, which can not only improve urban landscapes, ecological environment, satisfy higher spiritual and cultural demands of people, but also create considerable economic benefits, and enhance the coordinated development of economy, society and environment. With Shijiazhuang City as an example, the approaches of constructing economic urban green spaces fit for Shijiazhuang City were analyzed in this study, to provide references for the construction of economic urban green spaces in other cities.

Effects of Green Manure Mixed Cropping Patterns on Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil and Economic Characters of Flue-cured Tobacco

[Objective] The aim was to clear the suitable green manure cropping pat- terns in Xiangxi tobacco-planting areas. [Method] 8 treatments were set to study the effects of the monoculture and mixed cropping of common vetch （Vicia gigantea Bge.）, perennial ryegrass （Lofium） and rapeseed （Brassica campestris L.） on physi- cal and chemical properties of soil and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco. [Result] （1） Green manure turnover can reduce soil bulk density by 1.08%-8.62%, and the effect of green manure mixed cropping pattern was the best. （2） Green manure turnover also can increase the soil nutrient, soil organic matter, total nitro- gen （N）, total phosphorus （P）, total potassium （K）, alkali-hydrolyzale N, rapidly available P and rapidly available K by 1.44%-6.10%, 0.01-0.12 g/kg, 1.89%- 11.32%, 0.12%-3.56%, 1.06%-11.76%, 0.04%-18.93% and 0.98%-23.12%, respec- tively, and the effect of the monoculture of common vetch was the best.（3） The overall change of soil pH was not obvious.（4）Green manure turnover can increase the yield and output of flue-cured tobacco, and the effect of the monoculture of common vetch was the best. [Conclusion] The monoculture of common vetch can be generalized in the dry land of Xiangxi tobacco-planting areas.

Analysis of Economic Benefits Brought by Industrialization of Natural Enemy Insects

In the field of biological control of agricultural and forestry pests,natural enemy insects play an important role,constituting the core of modern integrated pest management(IPM)strategy,providing solid support for the zero growth goal of chemical pesticide use,and helping the sustainable development of green agriculture.The rise of the natural enemy insect industry has become a key driver of the transformation of green agriculture,injecting vitality into the sustainability and ecological protection of agriculture.With the increasing concern about food safety,environmental protection and ecological balance all over the world,the application scope of natural enemy insects as biological control means is constantly expanding.Its unique ecological adaptability and environmentally friendly characteristics help to reduce dependence on chemical pesticides,ensure the safety of agricultural products and maintain ecological diversity.The purpose of this study is to analyze the current situation of natural enemy insect industry,evaluate its cost and benefit,emphasize its great significance in promoting the transformation of green agriculture,improving production efficiency and promoting ecological protection by drawing lessons from foreign successful experiences,and explore an efficient and sustainable new agricultural development model.

Power Versus Bandwidth Efficiency in Wireless Communications:from Economic Sustainability to Green Radio

We carry out a comprehensive analysis of a range of wireless network efficiency considerations. Firstly, we explore the properties and the implications of the power-versus bandwidth-efficiency criteria. Secondly, we perform a detailed top-down analysis of a typical commercial wireless network, which emphasizes the inherent differences between the aforementioned two efficiency metrics, while demonstrating that the appropriate choice of the network optimization criterion can have a profound effect on the overall network performance. Finally, we address the issue of resource management and its impact on the definition of the overall system efficiency. Our results suggest that no substantial area spectral efficiency gains beyond those exhibited by the 2G cellular technol- ogy may be economically achieved, and hence, no significant economic gains may be realized by simply increasing the bps/Hz bandwidth efficiency. In contrast, manifold utility and throughput gains as well as substantial Quality of Service enhancements may be attained by the appropriate combination of improved power efficiency, bandwidth expansion as well as the appropriate evolution of the networking paradigm.

Industrial Green Spatial Pattern Evolution of Yangtze River Economic Belt in China

We use the directional slacks-based measure of efficiency and inverse distance weighting method to analyze the spatial pattern evolution of the industrial green total factor productivity of 108 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2003–2013.Results show that both the subprime mortgage crisis and ‘the new normal' had significant negative effects on productivity growth,leading to the different spatial patterns between 2003–2008 and 2009–2013.Before 2008,green poles had gathered around some capital cities and formed a tripartite pattern,which was a typical core-periphery pattern.Due to a combination of the polarization and the diffusion effects,capital cities became the growth poles and ‘core' regions,while surrounding areas became the ‘periphery'.This was mainly caused by the innate advantage of capital cities and ‘the rise of central China' strategy.After 2008,the tripartite pattern changed to a multi-poles pattern where green poles continuously and densely spread in the midstream and downstream areas.This is due to the regional difference in the leading effect of green poles.The leading effect of green poles in midstream and downstream areas has changed from polarization to diffusion,while the polarization effect still leads in the upstream area.

Orthogonal experiment on reclaimed water treatment and economic optimization model in green building

The efficacy of superior drainage in green building treated by combinational technique of coagulation sedimentation and constructed wetland was launched. The results show that the regression equation relating to effluent BOD5,cubage load (Nv),temperature (t) and addition dosage (ρ) is BOD5=2.05Nv-0.41t-0.82ρ+38.9. The orthogonal experiment results of constructed wetland post-treatment show that the regression equation relating to effluent BOD5,cubage load (NA),and temperature (t) is BOD5=1 190NA-0.32t+12.2. Based on the two orthogonal regression equations,combined of green building municipal gray reclaimed water quantity requirements in different seasons,a technology investment on economic optimization model of combinational technique was established. The results offer technological support for reclaimed water treatment,which regards superior drainage as the source and is purified by combinational technique of coagulation sedimentation and constructed wetland. According to the model,the reasonable scale of reclaimed water treatment systems can be determined,the treatment efficacy can be well predicted,and both the design and operating can be effectively guided.

On Approach of Quantifying Economic Benefits of Urban Green Space:A Case Study of Wuxi City

Urban green space has its important social, economic and ecological benefits. Quantifying of those benefits helps healthy development of urban green space. The essay discusses approach of quantifying direct economic benefits of land utilizing and construction derivated from urban green space system itself through the optimization of space structure and ecological function. It is the affirmation and promotion of the achievements of urban greening industry.

Establishing a Carbon-Neutrality Oriented Economic System through Green, Low-carbon, and Circular Development

Carbon neutrality requires a profound socio-economic revolution.Since the 21;century,China has been promoting social&economic transformation,and put forward a series of strategic directions for development transformation.As China enters the new era of socialism,building a green,low-carbon and circular economic system has become an important direction for future economic development and transformation.This paper analyzes the relationship between the green,low-carbon and circular economic system and carbon neutrality,and points out that green development,low-carbon development and circular development will greatly reduce carbon emissions of economic development and help realize the carbon goal through co-benefit effect,structural adjustment and resource recycling.Finally,the paper puts forward some suggestions for promoting the transformation of the economic system to green,low-carbon and circular development.

Service Object-based Evaluation Framework of Economic, Social and Ecological Benefits of Urban Green Spaces

Researchers' understandings of economic, ecological and social benefits of urban green spaces were discussed from many perspectives, connotations of such three major benefits were redefined, existing problems in the present evaluation were analyzed. According to service objects of urban green spaces, 6 relationship fields were classified, specifically, global ecology, regional environment, regional health, basic life, spiritual life and material life, a basic framework for evaluating economic, ecological and social benefits of urban green spaces was proposed.

Evolution trends and structural decomposition of China's green value-added over 40 years of reform and opening-up

China's 40-year history of reform and opening-up includes rapid economic development as well as pollution and environmental governance.Using a four-stage division,this study explores the evolution trend and structural decomposition of China's green value-added by constructing a non-competitive input-output table for environmental pollution from 1978 to 2017.The results indicate that pollution production coefficients increased continuously,and the green value-added index decreased.Additionally,the structural decomposition showed that investment and export were critical for economic growth during the period,though they were accompanied by serious pollution problems.The pollution generated by the raw material(represented by coal mining)and processing industries(represented by the textiles)were not controlled effectively.Pollution treatment for these industries should be strengthened in the future.The study has implications for government officials,policy makers,and academics.First,China should make green development a core concept for economic development,increase environmental pollution governance,develop a“green GDP,”incorporate the external costs of environmental pollution into the national economic accounting system.Second,it must change the investment and export structure as well as the traditional economic development pattern that exacerbates pollution.Specifically,the country should develop industries with low pollution and promote the export of industries producing high value-added products and increase green GDP per capita.Third,it should closely monitor the development of highly polluting industries.Upgrading technology to reduce pollution and strengthening pollution treatment will reduce the number of polluting industries and improve environmental governance efficiency.

Several Thoughts on the Green Development of the Economic Circle around Mount Qomolangma

The Economic Circle around Mount Qomolangma is an economic spatial structure with Mount Qomolangma in the center of a circle with echelon extensions. There exist various effects and laws like the peaks of pyramid effect, the cultural source effect, the ecological butterfly effect, the law of value gradient distribution, and the inverse law of diminishing marginal utility. The Himalayas are the "Shenque"(which is believed to be the most secret and crucial acupoint for humans) of the Earth, and the "brain" of human beings. We must make the protection of the Himalayas a common task for all humans and establish the theory that the area around Mount Qomolangma should be regarded as the model and base of green development. The ten countries around Mount Qomolangma should build a partnership for green development and take a green lowcarbon path for sustainable development.

Green development of industries in Yangtze River Economic Belt

Green development is the keynote of Yangtze River Economic Belt. It must insist on ecology preferential and green development which is not only respectation of natural laws but also the economic laws and social laws. The article uses SWOT analytic method to analyze the internal and external surroundings of the green development of Yangtze River Economic Belt on the basis of getting a clear understanding of its present developing status. Based on this the article puts forward the strategy pattern and path selection of green development of Yangtze River Economic Belt.

EU Taxonomy:Overview of All“Green”Economic Activities as of June 2023

In June,the EU Commission published an update of the economic activities that can be classified as“green”.The article provides an updated tabular overview of now 152 economic activities in total,covering 17 sectors.In particular,the table shows in which of the four different delegated regulations the technical screening criteria for the economic activities are located.These are necessary in order to determine whether a concrete economic activity is taxonomy aligned.

ECONOMIC IMPACT OF NEW GREEN BUILDING CODE ON RESIDENTIAL PROJECT DEVELOPMENT FROM ENERGY CONSUMPTION PERSPECTIVES7

The new Green Building Code impacts the design and construction of building systems,which are vital for energy consumption estimation,especially since electricity prices are of great interest to today’s consumers.Through the integration of energy consumption and utility bills,this paper presents the results of the economic impacts of installing various energy efficient systems required by the Green Building Code.Energy consumption prediction models are developed using multiple regression statistical methods based on electricity data collected from 110 single-family houses located in Los Angeles,California,USA.These prediction models have found a significant difference in electricity consumption of a single-family house prior to the introduction of the code and after its introduction.In addition,life cycle cost analysis on two of the featured systems,photovoltaic system and hybrid water heater,discovered that consumers can pay off their up-front investments in state-of-the-art energy efficient systems and appliances and earn a profit within the stated life cycle time period.The findings provide useful guidelines for making initial monetary decisions in the residential building industry。

Environmental economic geography:Recent advances and innovative development

Modern environmental problems are the result of human-environment interaction in the process of industrial-ization.The relationship between economic development and environmental quality is an important aspect of understanding human-environment interaction and has been widely concerned by multidisciplinary researchers.Economic geography(EG)is a discipline that mainly focuses on the location and connections of economic activi-ties.EG has developed to environmental economic geography(EEG)by incorporating environmental factors into its research framework,considering the operational mechanism of the co-evolution of economy and environment,and the dynamic process of green transition of techno-economic paradigms.Studying the resource and environ-mental effects of R&D,production,trade,and other aspects of the economic cycle is beneficial to realizing the“greening”economy.This paper traces the background and theoretical development path of EEG and elaborates on the interaction between EEG and other research paradigms on environmental problems.In recent years,the focuses of EEG are as follows:(1)the“location-environment”relationship of production from the perspective of local actors;(2)the“GVC/GPN-environment”relationship of multinational enterprises and space of flows from the perspective of the global network;(3)the“trade/circulation-environment”relationship from the perspective of national linkages;and(4)the co-evolution of the economic system and environment from the perspective of synergistic evolution,with a focus on innovation and institutional forces.The future development trend of EEG is combined with the endogenous growth theory and the sustainable development theory,mainly from the aspects of endogenous,system integration and multi-scale,to explain the differences in environmental issues of differ-ent regional economic activities,and to promote the development of EEG theory and interdisciplinary research,strengthening the construction of global and regional sustainable development system.

Human Resource Management Theory in the Context of Economic Development Transformation from the Perspective of the Social Productive Forces

This paper explores the development of the human resource management theory from the perspective of social productive forces,deeply analyzing the development of the current social productive forces and the characteristics of the socio-economic development.It can be concluded that the development of the human resource management theory is closely related to the socio-economic development pattern.The twenty first century is a knowledge-driven era,and"eco-friendly"and"low-carbon"are the basic characteristics of the socio-economic development of the era of the knowledge-driven economy,which has great influence on the subject,aim and content of human resource management.Green human resource management conforms to the trend of the transformation of the socio-economic development.Based on the management of"human",it creates an eco-friendly,low-carbon and sustainable environment for enterprises,which promotes the transformation from extensive growth to intensive growth of the macro management of enterprises.

The Major Challenges and Strategies for the Development of Green Economy in China's Mountain Regions Based on the Theory of Comparative Advantage

Based on the theory of comparative advantage,this paper analyzes the major challenges facing the development of green economy in China's mountain regions. The results show that in the development of green economy,the mountain regions have factor endowment and development conditions with comparative advantage,but they are also facing more challenges. In the future,the mountain regions need to make favorable development measures based on their own comparative advantages from the following four aspects: at the top design level,it is necessary to ensure green development through institutional innovation; at the regional level,it is necessary to lead green development through the differentiation strategy; at the industrial level,it is necessary to support green development through transformation and innovation; at the social level,it is necessary to focus on protecting vulnerable groups and give full play to the role of women to promote sharing of green development achievements.

Modification of the Leontief-Ford Input-Output Model for the Green Economy Goals and Environment Protection

The economics’ ecological modernization approach based on the input-output balance model is considered in the paper. The government measures on Russian Federation’s transition to green economy on reducing of greenhouse gas emissions are analyzed. In an article for green economy evaluation, including greenhouse gas emissions per capita and per unit of GDP, the indicator of the production environmental costs is proposed to include. The authors suppose adding and to modernize the Leontief-Ford model of input-output balance by economic evaluation of the environment pollution effects. This model is proposed to consider macro-economic assessment of environmental damage, health deterioration due to environmental pollution, as well as the use costs of the environmentally friendly technologies, the environmental and energy innovations’ implementation, climate change. The proposed modified model of environmentally oriented input-output balance can be used in the economic compensation system implementation on natural capital use and ecosystem services’ consuming in countries and their regions. The modified Leontief-Ford model proposed in the paper can be used for green economy development calculating, for example in Russia during the development of measures for the environment and economic development. Also this paper opens discussions for opportunities of the further possible integration of the theoretical models for environment protection decision-making.