Fluorescence Tracking of Exogenous DNA in Genetic Transformation of the Chinese Oak Silkmoth Antheraea Pernyi via Sperm-Mediated Gene Transfer

Exogenous DNA expressing green fluorescent protein( GFP) and labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate( FITC) was used to transform the Chinese oak silkmoth Antheraea pernyi( A. pernyi)via sperm-mediated gene transfer( SMGT). Sperms entry into the female reproductive system and eggs were observed using fluorescence microscopy. The ability of A. pernyi sperms to uptake exogenous DNA was confirmed,and transfer of the exogenous DNA was shown by GFP expression in the transgenic eggs. Our result suggested that SMGT could also be used to directly generate transgenic A. pernyi expressing functional genes of interest.

Expression of the Capsid Precursor Protein gene of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus and Green Fluorescent Protein Gene in BHK-21 Cells Mediated by Retroviral Vector

We have constructed a retroviral vector mediated mammalian cell expression system of the capsid precursor protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV).The recombinant retroviral vector pBABEpuro-P1-2A-EGFP was constructed by sequentially inserting capsid precursor protein gene(P1) of FMDV and enhanced green fluorescent protein gene(EGFP) into pBABEpuro.The recombinant retroviral vector and the pVSV-G plasmid were co-transfected into packaging cells(GP2-293) by liposomemediated transduction to produce the pseudovirus.The pseudovirus was used to infect BHK-21 cells and resistant cells were screened with puromycin.Green fluorescent proteins were observed by fluorescence microscopy and expression of the capsid precursor protein gene of FMDV was detected by indirect immunofluorescence.The recombinant retroviral vector pBABEpuro-P1-2A-EGFP was constructed successfully.The capsid precursor protein of FMDV and green fluorescent protein were expressed in BHK-21 cells.The mammalian cell expression system for the capsid precursor protein of FMDV has been constructed successfully,which lays the foundation of development of a FMDV subunit vaccine.

Expression of Green Fluorescent Protein Gene with Baculovirus Vectorin Insect Cells

The green fluorescence of bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea victoria is due to the presence of the green fluorescent protein (GFP). To examine whether the GFP gene can be applied as a reporter gene in insect cells, a baculovirus transfer vector containing the neomycin resistance gene (neo) was established. The GFP gene was subcloned into the vector downstream of the polyhedrin gene (ocu) promoter. In the presence of G418, the recombinant virus can be purified. Expression of the GFP gene in the recombinant virus should give rise to synthesis of the GFP with a molecular weight of 30×10 3 dalton, and is observable by the strong green light irradiated by ultraviolet or blue light in viable intact insect cells. The GFP produced in insect cells has typical fluorescent spectra indistinguishable from those of the purified native GFP. The GFP gene as a good reporter gene can be applied to the baculovirus insect cell expression system.

Establishment of Stable High Expression Cell Line with Green Fluorescent Protein and Resistance Genes

In order to establish stable high expression cell lines, the eukaryotic expression vector pIRES2EGFP and recombinant plasmid pIRES2EGFP-TIM-3 were transfected into mammalian cells CHO by Lipofectamine. The transfected cells were cultivated under selective growth medium including G418 and green fluorescent protein （GFP） positive cells were sorted by FACS. Simultaneously, growing transfectants were selected only by G418 in the medium. The GFP expression in stably transfected cells was detected by FACS. Under selective growth conditions with G418, the percentage of GFP positive cells was reduced rapidly and GFP induction was low. In contrast, the percentages of GFP positive cells were increased gradually after FACS. By 3 rounds of GFP selection, the stable high expression cell lines were established. Furthermore, using FACS analysis GFP and the target protein TIM-3 co-expression in the stable transfectants cultured in nonselective medium was detected. Theses results demonstrated that the stably transfected cell lines that express high titer of recombinant protein can be simply and fleetly obtained by using GFP and selective growth medium.

Influence of Insertion of the Last Sense Codon on Expression Efficiency of Green Fluorescent Protein Gene in Escherichia coli

We studied the relationship between insertion of the last sense codon (i.e., the codon preceding the stop codon) and the efficiency of gene expression. We inserted 64 kinds of last sense codon at the 5’ end of the stop codon of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and introduced the modified GFP genes into Escherichia coli (E. coli). Measuring the fluorescence intensity of the GFP produced in E. coli showed that the last sense codon influenced GFP gene expression and when CCG was inserted as the last sense codon, fluorescence intensity of E. coli was increased to 2.09 fold. On the other hand, insertion of CUA caused decrease of fluorescence intensity to 0.33 fold. We hope that our findings, which may be applicable to gene engineering, will be useful for further studies of protein expression.

Construction of bicistronic green fluorescent protein labeled pSELECT GFPzeo human bone morphogenetic protein 2 eukaryotic expression vector

Objective To construct green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled pSELECT-GFP zeohBMP2 eukaryotic expression vector.Methods The encoding fragment of hBMP2 gene was obtained from a recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1/CT-hBMP2 by using polymerase

In vivo transfection of enhanced green fluorescent protein in rat retinal ganglion cells mediated by ultrasound-induced microbubbles

BACKGROUND： Studies have demonstrated that ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction significantly improves transfection efficiency of enhanced green fluorescent protein （EGFP） in in vitro cultured retinal ganglial cells （RGCs）. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the feasibility of ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction for EGFP transfection in rat RGCs, and to compare efficiency and cell damage with traditional transfection methods. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： In vivo, gene engineering experiment. The study was performed at the Central Laboratory, Institute of Ultrasonic Imaging, Chongqing Medical University from March to July 2008. MATERIALS： Eukaryotic expression vector plasmid EGFP and microbubbles were prepared by the Institute of Ultrasonic Imaging, Chongqing Medical University. The microbubbles were produced at a concentration of 8.7 × 10^11/L, with a 2-4 μm diameter, and 10-hour half-life in vitro. METHODS： A total of 50 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups. Normal controls （n = 5） were infused with 5 μL normal saline to the vitreous cavity; the naked plasmid group （n = 15） was infused with 5 pL EGFP plasmid to the vitreous cavity; in the plasmid with ultrasound group （n = 15）, the eyes were irradiated with low-energy ultrasound wave （0.5 W/cm^2） for a total of 60 seconds （irradiated for 5 seconds, at 10-second intervals） immediately following infusion of EGFP plasmids to the vitreous cavities. In the microbubble-ultrasound group （n = 15）, the eyes were irradiated with the same power of ultrasonic wave immediately following infusion of microbubbles containing EGFP plasmids to the vitreous cavities. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： After 7 days, retinal preparations and EGFP expression in RGCs were observed by fluorescence microscopy. RGC quantification in the retinal ganglion cell layer was performed. In addition, EGFP mRNA expression was semi-quantitatively determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS： The transfection efficiency of EGFP to RGCs by microbubbles with ultrasound was significantly greater than the other groups, and no obvious damage was detected in the RGCs. CONCLUSION： Under irradiation of low-frequency ultrasound waves, ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction was effective and resulted in safe transfection of the EGFP gene to the RGCs.

Construction and expression of an optimized, novel human immunodeficiency virus type-1 lentiviral vector containing green fluorescent protein

The human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） lentiviral vector is an ideal vector for gene therapy. In the present study, the wild-type HIV-1 genome was segregated into four plasmids, and an optimized novel HIV-1 lentiviral vector containing green fluorescent protein and vesicular stomatitis virus G pseudo-capsule was constructed. The plasmids were pHR-CMV-EGFP, pCMVΔ8.9, pRSV-Rev, pCMV-VSV-G. The four plasmid system was co-transfected into 293T cells, and green fluorescent protein expression was observed. The present study obtained lentiviral particles by high-speed centrifugation, and the lentiviral particle titer was 4 × 108 TU/mL after centrifugation. Thus, an optimized novel HIV-1 lentiviral vector was successfully constructed.

THE ENHANCED GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN AS A MARKER FOR HUMAN TUMOR CELLS LABELLED BY RETROVIRAL TRANSDUCTION

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of marking the human tumor cells with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in vitro. Methods: The retroviral vector LGSN encoding EGFP was constructed and three human tumor cell lines were infected with LGSN amphotropic virus. Tumor cell lines that stably express EGFP were selected with G418. The integration and expression of EGFP gene were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry (FCM). Results: After gene transfection and ping-pong transduction, amphotropic producer line Am12/LGSN was generated with a stable green fluorescence signal readily detectable by FCM in up to 97% of examined cells. The viral titer in the supernatants was up to 8.2×105CFU/ml. After transduction and selection, G418-resistant leukemia K562, mammary carcinoma MCF-7, and bladder cancer 5637 cells were developed, in which the integration of both EGFP and neomycin resistance gene was confirmed by DNA amplification. In comparison with uninfected cells, FCM analysis revealed EGFP expression in up to 90% (range 85.5%–90.0%) of tumor cells containing LGSN provirus. Conclusion: The retroviral vector LGSN can effectively mark the human tumor cells with a stably EGFP expression which may be in studying tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis.

Expression of green fluoscrescent protein gene in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Protoplasts of the pathogenic plant fungus,Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,were transformed using the pPGF plasmid,which contains green fluorescent protein gene,under the control of Aspergillus nidulans regulatory sequences. The pPGF plasmid was introduced by PEG/CaCl2 treatment. Positive transformants were harvested with hygromycin B (HYG) resistance as selective marker,and then were observed with green fluorescence phenomena in response to blue light,which suggested that GFP gene was cloned into genome DNA of S. sclerotiorum. The transformants were verified mitotically stable by Southern blotting analysis and passage culturing. This study is developed as an initial step for further research into infection mechanisms of S. sclerotiorum to plants and interactions with bio-control fungus.

A Viral Expression Vector from Foxtail mosaic virus to Express Green Fluorescent Protein

[Objective]Foxtail mosaic virus(FoMV)infects gramineous and dicotyledonous plants.In this study,we sought to construct a viral vector based on FoMV to express exogenous proteins in plants.[Method]A recombinant viral expression vector was constructed by inserting the promotor of Potato virus X(PVX)and exogenous gene sequences into the 3’non-coding region of the FoMV coat protein gene.[Results]The plasmid pCB301-FoMV-CP-PVXprom-GFP expressed green fluorescent protein in inoculated Nicotiana benthamiana leaves.[Conclusion]A recombinant viral expression vector was constructed successfully.

禽源沙门氏菌荧光定量PCR方法的构建及应用

试验旨在建立一种快速检测禽源沙门氏菌SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR(qPCR)的方法,即根据沙门氏菌invA基因的保守序列设计引物,利用普通PCR方法扩增沙门氏菌invA基因保守基因片段,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体上,将获得的重组质粒pMD18-T-invA作为标准阳性模板。经qPCR条件优化后,进行特异性、灵敏性和重复性试验。结果显示,所建立的SYBR Green Ⅰ qPCR方法的Ct值与标准品在1.4~1.4×10^(10)拷贝/μL范围内呈良好的线性关系,R2为0.9963,扩增效率为95%,检测下限为1.4拷贝/μL;与大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、痢疾志贺菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌无交叉反应;该方法组内变异系数和组间变异系数均小于2.5%;对44份粪便样本和132份蛋液样本进行qPCR方法和常规PCR方法检测,结果显示该qPCR方法的阳性检出率分别为22.7%(10/44)、0.8%(1/132),常规PCR的阳性检出率分别为9.1%(4/44),0%(0/132)。结果表明:试验成功建立禽源沙门氏菌qPCR检测方法,可为禽源沙门氏菌的快速检测提供技术支撑。

Transformation of Arabidopsis by Rice OsWRKY78::GFP Fusion Gene and Subcellular Localization of OsWRKY78 Protein

[Objective] The study was to understand the subcellular localization of OsWRKY78 protein in plants. [Method] Primers specific for OsWRKY78 gene were designed according to the OsWRKY78 full length sequence in Genbank. The gene was cloned by RT-PCR method. The gene was then recombined into a plasmid expression vector carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, pBinGFP. The recombinant was confirmed by PCR and enzyme digestion. The recombinant plasmid pBinGFP-OsWRKY was transformed into Arabidopsis through Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 and transgenic plants were obtained. [Result] Measured by fluorescence microscopy, the expression of OsWRKY78 and GFP fusion protein in root tip cells was localized in the nucleus. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for further investigating the function of OsWRKY78 gene and its role in related signal transduction and provided theoretical basis for exploring the relation between OsWRKY78 gene and brown planthoppers.

黑曲霉尿苷/尿嘧啶营养缺陷型转化系统的构建及应用

黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)是一种重要的工业发酵菌株,它具有强大的蛋白分泌表达能力。为了提高黑曲霉遗传操作效率及优化重组菌株的筛选策略,构建以尿苷/尿嘧啶营养缺陷型为筛选标记的转化系统。利用CRISPR/Cas9技术实现pyrG基因的敲除,在含有尿嘧啶核苷和5-氟乳清酸(5-FOA)的抗性培养基中筛选表型正确的转化子。经基因组PCR验证,黑曲霉营养缺陷型菌株可稳定遗传。利用该转化系统可成功实现增强型绿色荧光蛋白在黑曲霉中的表达。通过结合增强型绿色荧光蛋白和流式细胞仪建立了黑曲霉转化子的高通量筛选模型。

小鼠pLVX-Wnt3a-IRES-ZsGreen1慢病毒载体的构建及神经干细胞转染

目的构建共表达小鼠Wnt3a(mWnt3a)与绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)慢病毒载体,感染神经干细胞(NSCs),观察mWnt3a在NSCs中的表达。方法利用同源重组技术将mWnt3a基因插入慢病毒载体pLVX-IRES-ZsGreen1,构建pLVX-Wnt3a-IRES-Zs-Green1慢病毒重组质粒,通过瞬时转染法包装出病毒上清,感染NSCs,设为Wnt3a-NSCs组;同时设GFP感染NSCs组(GFP-NSCs组)和未感染NSCs组(NSCs组)作为对照。免疫荧光染色法对Wnt3a-NSCs组NSCs进行nestin鉴定;Real-Time PCR检测各组细胞mWnt3a mRNA的表达;Western blotting检测各组细胞mWnt3a、β-catenin蛋白的表达。结果经限制性内切酶检测、基因测序和绿色荧光观察证实成功构建了携带mWnt3a基因的重组慢病毒,且慢病毒滴度达3×108TU/mL。Wnt3a-NSCs组NSCs在荧光显微镜下证实有绿色荧光,且nestin表达阳性。Real-Time PCR和Western blotting结果显示感染后7 d,Wnt3a-NSCs组mWnt3a mRNA和蛋白以及β-catenin蛋白均明显高于GFP-NSCs组和NSCs组(P<0.01)。结论成功构建了表达mWnt3a基因的慢病毒载体,在体外培养条件下可以成功转染NSCs。

SYBR Green Ⅰ法洋虫β-actin基因实时荧光定量RT-PCR体系的建立

为了建立洋虫β-actin基因实时荧光定量RT-PCR体系,本实验采用MJ Research OpticonTM 2型实时荧光定量PCR仪,利用SYBR Green Ⅰ染料法,根据GenBank上其他昆虫β-actin基因的保守序列设计引物,对PCR退火温度、引物浓度、模板浓度等各反应因子进行优化,结合扩增曲线和熔解曲线进行分析。结果显示,在20μL体系下,当2×SYBRR Premix Ex TaqTM为10μL时,引物和cDNA模板的最佳浓度分别为1μmol/L和50ng/μL。最佳PCR反应程序为:94℃预变性30s,44个循环包括94℃变性10s,45℃退火30s,72℃延伸40s,最后加做熔解曲线82℃1s。结果表明,在洋虫不同发育时期β-actin基因表达水平基本稳定,因此β-actin基因可以作为洋虫实时荧光定量RT-PCR的内参基因。本研究成功建立了2-ΔΔCT相对定量法的洋虫β-actin基因实时荧光定量RT-PCR体系,并分析了优化PCR反应体系的重要性,建立的洋虫β-actin基因荧光定量RT-PCR方法简便、特异性强,该体系的建立可用于洋虫蜕皮相关基因表达差异的深入研究。

猪细小病毒SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR诊断试剂盒的研制

根据GenBank中猪细小病毒VP2基因序列设计特异性的引物,PCR扩增获得猪细小病毒VP2基因片段,并克隆到p MD-18T载体上作为阳性标准品。通过对SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR反应条件的优化,建立了猪细小病毒的SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR诊断方法,以此为基础研制出试剂盒。试剂盒扩增产物的熔解曲线分析只出现1个单特异峰,无引物二聚体,对PRV、PCV-2、E.coli、CSFV、PRRSV均无阳性信号扩增,可重复性好,测灵敏度可达1.0×101拷贝/μL。结果表明,研制的猪细小病毒SYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR试剂盒具有特异、灵敏、快速、重复性好等优点,适合于猪细小病毒临床样品的检测。

重组慢病毒转染兔骨髓间充质干细胞与脱钙骨基质构建转基因组织工程材料

背景:缺损组织的修复重建受限于自体或异体可替代移植材料的来源问题而导致临床应用受限,转基因干细胞和组织工程材料研究开辟了新的治疗思路。目的:探究增强型绿色荧光蛋白重组慢病毒转染兔骨髓间充质干细胞在体外的生物学特性以及与脱钙骨基质体外构建转基因组织工程材料的生物矿化特性。方法:细胞贴壁及密度离心法获得兔骨髓间充质干细胞,增强型绿色荧光蛋白重组慢病毒以感染复数为100转染第5代兔骨髓间充质干细胞,体外观察转染细胞与未转染细胞的增殖能力、细胞表型、细胞周期以及成骨诱导后碱性磷酸酶、Runx2、骨钙素表达的差异;增强型绿色荧光蛋白重组慢病毒转染骨髓间充质干细胞与脱钙骨基质在体外构建转基因组织工程材料,对其进行扫描电镜观察及元素能谱分析。结果与结论:增强型绿色荧光蛋白重组慢病毒成功转染骨髓间充质干细胞后,在转染24,48 h细胞增殖较未转染细胞缓慢(P <0.05);在转染72 h后,细胞表型未发生变异,细胞周期、细胞增殖能力以及成骨诱导后碱性磷酸酶、Runx2、骨钙素表达量与未转染细胞无明显差异(P> 0.05);增强型绿色荧光蛋白标记的骨髓间充质干细胞在脱钙骨基质支架上有较好的生物相容性,根据荧光表达强度推测目的基因在2周左右发挥最大生物学功能,且出现了钙磷矿化物沉积,体现出优越的生物矿化特性。

鸡马立克氏病毒SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

【目的】建立一种能够快速、灵敏地检测鸡马立克氏病病毒(MDV)的SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量检测方法。【方法】针对马立克氏病毒特异的Meq基因序列设计引物,利用SYBR GreenⅠ染料建立检测马立克氏病毒的实时荧光定量PCR方法,进行敏感性、特异性、重复性试验,并应用该方法检测了罗曼蛋鸡、AA肉鸡、二郎山山地鸡SD02和SD03品系4种鸡只感染组和对照组样本的脾、法氏囊、胸腺等组织中的病毒拷贝数。【结果】该方法建立的定量标准曲线荧光阈值循环数(Threshold cycle,Ct)与模板拷贝数呈良好线性关系(r=0.996),扩增效率(E)为96%,熔解曲线分析显示其PCR扩增具有良好的特异性,敏感性和重复性试验证明该方法具有较高的灵敏度和稳定性,最低检测浓度为102拷贝/μL。同时运用该方法对试验样本进行检测,结果显示在4个感染组鸡只的肝,脾,肾,胸腺,法氏囊组织中均检测出Meq的拷贝,并计算出了待测样品的病毒拷贝数,相反在未感染组却没有检测出任何Meq的拷贝。试验结果还发现二郎山山地鸡两品系各组织中MDV的拷贝数显著低于AA肉鸡和罗曼蛋鸡各组织。【结论】建立的检测方法能够快速检测马立克氏病毒,结果准确,成本低廉,可以将其作为生产上监控马立克氏病的一个重要手段。

鸡Caspase-1基因SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

为了建立快速定量检测鸡Caspase-1基因的方法,本研究根据鸡Caspase-1基因序列设计特异性检测引物,PCR扩增Caspase-1基因片段,构建pMD-Caspase-1重组质粒。以该重组质粒为标准品进行荧光定量PCR扩增,建立标准曲线,并通过反应条件优化、特异性、敏感性及重复性等试验,建立了鸡Caspase-1基因SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR检测方法。结果显示,本研究建立的该荧光定量PCR方法在重组质粒标准品为1.0×10^(3)拷贝/μL~1.0×10^(8)拷贝/μL范围内具有良好的线性关系;该荧光定量PCR方法对Caspase-1基因的扩增具有较强的特异性;对重组质粒标准品的检测下限为1.0×10^(2)拷贝/μL,比常规PCR敏感100倍;批内和批间变异系数分别在0.51%~4.41%和0.37%~0.88%,重复性好。利用所建立的方法可以定量检测致病性禽腺病毒血清4型感染鸡不同组织中Caspase-1的转录水平。本研究方法的建立将为研究鸡Caspase-1在免疫反应和疫病发展过程中的作用提供技术支持。