Exploring the spatiotemporal relationship between green infrastructure and urban heat island under multi‐source remote sensing imagery:A case study of Fuzhou City

Green Infrastructure(GI)has garnered increasing attention from various regions due to its potential to mitigate urban heat island(UHI),which has been exacerbated by global climate change.This study focuses on the central area of Fuzhou city,one of the“furnace”cities,and aims to explore the correlation between the GI pattern and land surface temperature(LST)in the spring and autumn seasons.The research adopts a multiscale approach,starting from the urban scale and using urban geographic spatial characteristics,multispectral remote sensing data,and morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA).Significant MSPA elements were tested and combined with LST to conduct a geographic weighted regression(GWR)experiment.The findings reveal that the UHI in the central area of Fuzhou city has a spatial characteristic of“high temperature in the middle and low temperature around,”which is coupled with a“central scattered and peripheral concentrated”distribution of GI.This suggests that remote sensing data can effectively be utilised for UHI inversion.Additionally,the study finds that the complexity of GI,whether from the perspective of the overall GI pattern or the classification study based on the proportion of the core area,has an impact on the alleviation of UHI in both seasons.In conclusion,this study underscores the importance of a reasonable layout of urban green infrastructure for mitigating UHI.

四川天府新区BGI复合功能空间分异特征及其景观格局驱动机制研究

蓝绿基础设施(Blue-Green Infrastructure, BGI)是实现适应气候变化战略目标的重要工具.研究BGI景观格局和功能的空间关系,旨在为城市气候适应性建设提供依据.以四川天府新区(含协调管控区)为例,基于遥感影像数据,从气候适应性视角出发,进行BGI复合功能评价和空间分异特征分析,并运用地理探测器进一步揭示景观格局主要驱动因子及驱动机制.结果表明:(1)复合功能等级整体呈现从龙泉山脉向东西两侧递减趋势,高服务功能集中分布在龙泉山脉、彭祖山景区和三岔湖景区东南方向的协调管控区域.(2)复合功能等级空间分布格局整体呈显著空间正向自相关关系,具有显著高高(HH)、低低(LL)、高低(HL)聚集特征.(3)景观组成类型、网络结构要素类型、斑块密度指数(PD)和面积加权平均形状指数(AWMSI)是复合功能空间分异的主要驱动因子;景观组成类型、网络结构要素类型是复合功能空间分异的主要交互驱动因子.研究探明了景观格局对BGI复合功能空间分异的驱动机制,可用于指导研究区城市气候适应性建设.

基于GIS的青岛市绿地景观生态格局与网络构建

定量化研究绿地景观生态格局和网络构建能够为城市绿地系统和国土空间的科学规划提供理论依据与方法支撑。研究基于无线电高空测候(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,运用总体景观生态格局分析和梯度分析方法,选取12个景观指数,对沿海城市——青岛市的绿地景观生态格局从斑块类型水平和景观水平两方面进行了定量研究。结果表明:斑块类型水平上,区域绿地以大型斑块为主且占优势地位,防护绿地以大中型斑块为主,二者虽空间分布不均匀,但生态效益较好;附属绿地以中小型斑块为主,缺乏大面积绿地建设,景观破碎度高但符合公众游憩需求;公园绿地以小型斑块为主且数量较少,在城区集中分布。景观水平上,城市绿地景观类型较齐全,但整体破碎度高,中部地区景观破碎度高,南部与中北部地区绿地类型多样,景观破碎度高且景观形状较复杂。在此基础上,进而分析了青岛城市绿地景观生态格局存在的问题,提出了“一轴、三核、廊汇成网、节点密布”的城市绿地生态网络优化与构建方案,以提高各类城市绿地连接度水平,发挥绿地生态系统的整体效益。

基于GIS-AHP的防灾避难绿地规划选址研究——以太原市为例

【目的】防灾避难绿地的建设是城市安全工程的重要工作。为增强对未来灾害的应对能力,太原市在城市建设方面做了很多工作,但目前仍然存在防灾避难绿地数量不足、分布不合理、选址缺乏科学量化的依据等问题。【方法】为解决这些问题,对太原市防灾避难绿地现状问题及选址规划进行研究,筛选出防灾避难绿地的影响因素,用层次分析法计算权重、用GIS技术进行空间分析,得出科学的选址结果。最后以太原市迎泽区作为实证研究对象,提出具体的选址建议。【结果】该方法可以为太原市防灾避难绿地的选址提供科学的理论依据,为提升城市防灾避难能力,建设生态宜居城市作出专业的贡献。

基于GIS的天水市公园绿地可达性分析

本研究以天水市中心城区公园绿地作为研究对象,结合天水市遥感影像图、道路网交通图、人口数量分布图、主要公园绿地分布图等,利用ArcGIS网络分析功能,对步行、骑行、机动车三种出行方式下,公园绿地的服务面积及服务人口以及不同城区公园可达性进行对比分析。其步行方式下5 min内的公园绿地服务面积比平均为4.16%,15 min内的服务人口比为平均为39%;在骑行方式下10 min内仍然有15%居民无法到达公园及机动车方式下5 min内依然有40%公园绿地无法到达。

基于GIS网络分析法的广州市保障性住房人群绿地可达性研究

城市绿地是推进空间资源合理分配的重要基础设施之一。以广州市已建成的保障性住房为研究对象,采用GIS网络分析法,分析居住在保障性住房中的居民在不同交通方式下到达不同规模等级绿地的可达性。研究发现:①保障性住房人群到区级绿地和街道级绿地的可达性受交通方式影响较小。②通过核密度法和标准差椭圆法验证绿地与保障性住房的分布差异,结果表明保障性住房周边绿地覆盖范围小,各等级绿地的可达性较差。保障性住房的发展方向与绿地规划方向存在不一致,导致保障性住房处于绿地边缘位置。③地铁与公交或驾车的可达性高于地铁与步行的组合方式,主要因为绿地通常位于城市中心或繁忙地区较远的地方,且地铁与公交或驾车能覆盖更长的距离。本研究的结果对广州市在“十四五”规划中筹建新的保障性住房提供了有益参考,助力推动城市空间布局的优化。

Construction of green infrastructure in coal-resource based city： a case study in Xuzhou urban area

As an important coal-resource based city in eastern China, coal mining activities have greatly promoted economic development to Xuzhou while resulted in kinds of blocks for sustainable development. Subsidence areas caused by coal mining activities and rapid urbanization process led to the losing of ecological function and decreasing of landscape connectivity in the city. As the important life-support system, urban green infrastructure （GI as short） has great significance in improving human well-beings. Taking Xuzhou urban area as the study object, this paper proposed a green infrastructure construction method based on the principle of ecological priority. Firstly, key ecological patches were identified by GIS and RS methods. Secondly, we established corridors by minimum cost path model. Then, we built GI network and evaluated the ecological importance of different patches. Finally, by comparing the status of patches and coal mining subsidence areas, we proposed a framework for constructing GI network in Xuzhou urban area.

Spatial Process of Green Infrastructure Changes Associated with Rapid Urbanization in Shenzhen,China

Through a case study of Shenzhen City,China,this study focused on a quantitative method for analyzing the spatial processes involved in green infrastructure changes associated with rapid urbanization.Based on RS,GIS and SPSS statistics software,the approach includes selection of the square analysis units and representative landscape metrics,quantification of the change types of landscape metrics in all analysis units through two indices and hierarchical cluster analysis of the above analysis units with different landscape metric change types(i.e.spatial attributes).The analyses verify that there is a significant sequence of continuous changes in green infrastructure in Shenzhen.They are the perforation,the segmentation,the fragmentation,the evanescence and the filling-in processes,which have a good spatio-temporal correspondence with urbanization and reflect the synthetic influence of urban planning,government policies and landforms.Compared with other studies on quantifying the spatial pattern,this study provides an alternative probe into linking the spatial pattern to spatial processes and the corresponding ecological processes in the future.These spatio-temporal processes offer many opportunities for identifying,protecting and restoring key elements in an urban green infrastructure network for areas in the early stages of urbanization or for non-urbanized areas.

基于GIS的三门峡市公园可达性分析

基于GIS技术,以三门峡市中心城区城市公园为例,利用网络分析法定量评价步行、非机动车、机动车3种交通方式下的公园可达性,并结合可达面积与人口分析比较研究区、各行政区、各行政街道间的差异。结果表明,研究区内公园分布不均,湖滨区公园多、陕州区公园少;研究区公园绿地非机动车和机动车方式下的可达性较好;步行方式下的可达性较差,只有不到36.11%居民可步行30 min内到达相近公园;湖滨区公园绿地可达性要好于陕州区;前进街道、涧河街道、湖滨街道公园的可达性最佳,会兴街道、张湾乡公园的可达性最差。

Green Infrastructure Practice and a Sustainability Key Performance Indicators Framework for Neighbourhood-Level Construction of Sponge City Programme

In recent years, the Sponge City program (SCP) of China, as a sustainable stormwater management approach, has been strengthened as a national strategic level program. The Green Infrastructure (GI), due to its multi-objective and multi-benefits, has been adopted as an important measure of this new nationwide initiative. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive quantitative evaluation system for neighbourhood scale SCP. Hence, in the process of GI plan optimization, selection of implementation methods to balance its multi-benefits has become one of the key obstacles in the practice of SCP. To support robust decision making on multi-objective GI planning and comprehensive assessment, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been used as a structural and systematic technique. In addition, a set of sustainability key performance indicators (KPIs) including requisite dimensions is the foundation for neighbourhood scale sustainability. Hence, AHP-based evaluation system including selection, weighting and ranking of the KPIs, is defined as a key performance indicator framework (KPIF), which is still in need for further development. Taking the GI planning for the Liangnong, Siming Lake sponge node restoration as an example, this paper develops KPIF with a comprehensive evaluation system for high-quality “Sponge Node” transitional construction. This KPIF consists of three basic criteria: “Environmental Performance”, “Economic and Adaptability Performance”, and “Social-cultural Performance and Wellbeing Performance”. In addition, 15 weighted KPIs are concluded and amongst them, the followings were relatively high: weight of the ATRCR, the promotion of biodiversity, the construction cost saving, the maintenance cost saving, and the level of recreational and wellbeing improvements for all people. In addition, the developed KPIF provides a reference for similar program’s decision-making, not only for the Jiangnan area of China, but also for quantitatively comprehensive evaluations of SCP in other regions.

基于GIS的我国绿色建筑发展耦合水平评价研究

我国绿色建筑发展存在区域不均衡的现象,为了进一步探析我国绿色建筑发展效率的空间特征,选取包含经济、社会、产业等多维指标,构建绿色建筑发展综合评价体系,在此基础上结合熵权法、耦合协调度模型,对绿色建筑发展系统及耦合协调特征做实证研究。结果表明,2008至2020年间,我国绿色建筑综合发展水平和各子系统间协调度均呈现上升趋势,并且受经济发展、能源消耗以及科技进步等方面的制约较大;各省份绿色建筑协调发展都向协调阶段转变,地区间发展的差距较大,整体关联性高,但耦合性较差,呈现“东部高,中西部低”的特征,为实现我国绿色建筑可持续发展提供决策支持。

The Value of Green Infrastructure in Crafting Sustainability

Sustainability is one of the most-mentioned words from the UN seminars to local community meetings, it is the issue of the world. The emerging science of landscape ecology, is learning more and more about the importance of the "linkage" that green infrastructure(GI) provides in maintaining and restoring ecological processes and the health of nature. The world has moved from the industrialization period to sustainability as a growing issue and answering the question of sustainability in different sectors and green infrastructure is trying to answer the request for sustainable infrastructure. Applying the concept and characteristics of green infrastructure is the infrastructural solution in design. This paper tries to see the origins and concepts of green infrastructure and the strong role of green infrastructure as a part of sustainable development.

GIS as an Efficient Tool to Manage Educational Services and Infrastructure in Kuwait

The State of Kuwait Ministry of Education (MoE) has clearly defined land use standards for the location of public schools, and an inventory of reserved lands for future facilities. Unless, there is a geographical efficient tool to manage and plan the education system in a rapidly developing country such as Kuwait there will be huge deficit in such services. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was used to fill in this gap and effectively evaluate and analyze their facilities and unoccupied lands to ensure they continue to meet the population and future needs of Kuwaiti students. This paper utilized the GIS to inventory, map, and analyze MoE facilities and unoccupied land reservations with a goal of improved planning and decision making. Unfortunately, the initial spatial analysis of the data showed huge percent of districts that have no schools failing to meet the minimum standard of the MoE including kindergartens, primary schools, intermediate schools for girls, intermediate schools for boys, secondary schools for girls and secondary schools for boys at 72%, 71%, 48%, 43%, 54%, and 55% respectively. Such critical results will enable the decision makers to prioritize the immediate action of relocation the schools or widen the services and accessibility. Moreover, the analysis of the data showed a critical and immediate need to reserve land for five districts where they are heavily populated and lacked reserved land. However, based on long term land use plans, there is an urgent need to relocate some land and reserve others to meet the future urbanization plans and population growth.

GIS as an Information Infrastructure for Recovery and Reconstruction after the Great East Japan Earthquake

This study considers the regional characteristics of the Tohoku region and the extent of the damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and makes proposals for recovery and reconstruction of the areas affected by this disaster as well as for a reduction of the impact of natural disasters that may occur in the future with GIS （geographic information systems） as a social infrastructure positioned at the heart of the information infrastructure. Due to the fact that social media that used ICT （information and communication technology） was useful in the days directly after the disaster, it can be said that it is necessary to investigate the provision of an information infrastructure that uses ICT to reduce the impact of disasters. Therefore, this study proposes the construction of a geographical information database using GIS and the provision and sharing of information using social media GIS after discussion of the relationship between the development of the computerization of Japan and GIS as a valid example of using information systems for recovery and reconstruction after the Great East Japan Earthquake.

GI格局影响区域气温的尺度效应和空间分异特征——基于天津市的实证

绿色基础设施为应对气候变化提供了一种基于自然的解决方案,尤其在调节区域气温方面发挥着重要作用。既有关于绿色基础设施与区域气候关联性的研究主要关注规模数量对全局尺度气候因子的影响,对尺度变化及其空间异质性的讨论不足。以天津市为例,综合运用景观生态学和地理加权回归分析方法,在测度研究区绿色基础设施格局的基础上,深入探讨了绿色基础设施格局影响区域气温的尺度效应和空间作用规律。结果表明:1)绿色基础设施格局能够显著影响区域气温,且随着尺度增加各项格局指数与区域气温的相关程度均呈现先增大后减小的趋势,并在7km×7km尺度下达到峰值;2)各项格局指数与区域气温的相关程度整体上为面积类指数>聚集类指数>密度类指数>形状类指数;3)各项格局指数与区域气温的相关性具有空间非稳定性特征,其中半城市化地区的区域气温更易受到格局变化的影响。最后,提出以乡镇(街道)为单元的GI格局分区优化措施,以期为气候适应性规划设计和各类相关政策的制定提供科学指导。

Structural Analysis of Green Infrastructure in Suzhou Dushu Lake Higher Education District

Green infrastructure (GI) is ecological supporting system for the sustainable development of urban construction,and plays an important role in promoting the urban ecological economic and social development.In this paper,Suzhou Dushu Lake Higher Education District is taken as an example,and landscape ecological resources in Dushu Lake Higher Education District are analyzed on the basis of field investigation.Combining with the relevant theory of green infrastructure,structure of GI in Suzhou Dushu Lake Higher Education District is analyzed and evaluated from hubs,links and sites,and the corresponding optimization strategy is put forward.

Green Infrastructure and Its Inspiration for Urban Green Space System in China

Currently, urban Green Space Systems in China show fragile ecological conditions, the overseas Green Infrastructure is a new idea to construct urban green ecological spaces. Typical Green Infrastructure construction cases in the U. K., such as London greenbelt, park system, green corridor, green chain and Green Grid were studied to analyze problems of China urban Green Space System planning, construction, and management, so as to propose suggestions for improving ecological functions of the urban Green Space System.

Drone Usage in Civil Engineering—A Case Study of the Pristina-Gjilan Highway

The use of drones in construction engineering has gained increasing attention in recent years due to its potential to revolutionize the industry. Drones, offer the ability to capture high-resolution aerial imagery and collect data that was previously difficult or impossible to obtain. The integration drones in construction engineering presents opportunities for accurate data collection, analysis and visualization, which can improve decision-making processes and improve project outcomes. For example, drones equipped with GIS technology can be used to capture high-resolution aerial images of construction sites, allowing engineers to monitor progress, identify potential issues, and make informed adjustments as needed. By harnessing drones, civil engineers in the civil engineering field can potentially optimize project planning, design and execution while minimizing risks and costs. The work of this topic examines the case of the use of Drones combined with GIS in construction engineering. During this study, aerial photography of a certain segment of the Pristina-Gjilan Highway was taken. The results generated by the processing of aerial photos have been compared with the project. However, further research is needed to fully understand the capabilities and limitations of these technologies in this specific context, as well as to explore any potential challenges and barriers to their widespread adoption.

Application of Urban Green Stormwater Infrastructure in Wetland Park Construction

The positive role of urban green stormwater infrastructure(GIS)and wetland park construction in the process of“sponge city”construction is analyzed by expounding the connotation and problems of“sponge city”construction.Through the analysis of relevant cases,the realization approaches of combing different types of GIS with wetland park landscape design are interpreted,and it is pointed out that different types of GIS can guide the further practice of“sponge city”construction.

Hallmark of a Resilient City: Adoption of Green Infrastructure in African Cities

Dynamic urbanization of African cities has created development trajectories that face systemic challenges in the provision of sustainable and ecologically resilient urban environments. The specific challenges include extensive unregulated growth with informal settlements reflecting poor service levels and high poverty indices, inadequacy in provision of basic services in health, water, housing, transport and communication infrastructure, high reliance on biomass fuels, exposure to environmental stress and implausible climate change coping and mitigation mechanisms among others. Review of extensive literature and synthesis of existing bodies of knowledge on the ecological and management perspectives of urban environments revealed many gaps and understanding of urban transformation processes. The purpose of this review was to contextualize credible pathways for optimization of both ecosystem goods and services from green urban landscapes (Green infrastructure) and non-green infrastructure to ensure sustainable and ecologically resilient urban environments. Attempts were made to rationalize and validate through discussions the benefits of managed urban ecosystems for African cities. On the basis of the evidence from the literature, it is concluded that urban development trajectories that do not embrace multifaceted approaches that deliberately retain and maintain green infrastructure in the urban environment may not be cost-effective. It is recommended that systematic integration of urban forestry concepts in urban planning that involves communities, local and national governments, business entrepreneurs and public and private research institutions provides tenable frameworks for addressing current and future challenges of urbanization in Africa.