Ionic Liquid [bmim][BF_4] as a Green Medium for Passerini Reaction

The Passerini three-component reaction of carboxylic acid, aromatic aldehyde and isocyanide was carried out smoothly and efficiently in ionic liquid [bmim]BF4. Through this reaction, a series of α-acyloxycarboxamides were obtained in high yields. Advantages of this proccedure include a green nature, high efficiency and operational simplicity

A Green Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of New Pyridazinium-Based Ionic Liquids as an Environmentally Friendly Alternative

A green microwave-assisted procedure for the preparation of a series of fifteen new N-alkylpyridazinium ionic liquids with different functionality in the alkyl chain is described. For the first time, target ionic liquids were prepared using standard methodology and under microwave irradiation in short duration of time with quantitative yields. In most cases, the microwave-assisted reaction is an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional methods.

Multicomponent Reaction in Ionic Liquid: A Novel and Green Synthesis of 1, 4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives

An efficient and green method for the synthesis of 1, 4-dihydropyridine derivatives mediated in an ionic liquid, [bmim][BF4], through a four-component condensation process of aldehydes, 1, 3-dione, Meldrum＇s acid and ammonium acetate is disclosed in this paper.

Quantum chemical aided molecular design of ionic liquids as green electrolytes for electrodeposition of active metals

Quantum chemical calculation was used to estimate the reduction potentials of 25 organic cations and the oxidation potentials of 11 anions.This information was used to select promising cations and anions for the preparation of ionic liquids as green electrolytes for electrodeposition of active metals.The reasonable linear correlations between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)energies and the reduction potentials of cations,and the linear relationships between the oxidation potentials and the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)energies of anions were obtained.The orders of electrochemical stability for cations and anions being obtained agree well with the experimental measurements.The suitable ionic liquids with sufficiently wide electrochemical windows for electrodeposition of active metals are suggested to be[Emim]NTf2,[Bmim]NTf2,[Bmim]BF4, [Bmim]PF6,[Bmim]CTf3,[Emim]BF4,[Emim]PF6,[Emim]CTf3..

One-pot Synthesis of Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquids for Friedel-Crafts Alkylation

Novel Lewis acidic ionic liquids containing thionyl cations and chloroaluminate anions were obtained by one-pot synthesis for the first time. Their acidities were determined by acetonitrile probe on IR spectrography. The ionic liquids were used as catalyst for Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene and 1-dodecene. The turnovers of l-dodecene were higher than 99%. Monoalkylbenzene selectivity was 98%, while the 2-substituent product selectivity was 45%.

One-step Synthesis of Dipyrromethanes in the Presence of Ionic Liquid [Hmim]BF_4

Dipyrromethanes were obtained in moderate yields by the condensation of ketone and pyrrole in the presence of ionic liquid [Hmim]BF4 without using any strong acid and other organic solvent.

Finkelstein Reaction in Functionalized Crown-ether Ionic Liquids

Functional crown-ether ionic liquids were used as catalytic green solvents of Finkelstein reaction of 1-bromooctane and iodide. The rate and yield of the reaction were obvious improved compared with that using crown ether in water. No free crown ether loss was observed after reaction.

Revisiting Characteristics of Ionic Liquids: A Review for Further Application Development

In literature concerning ionic liquid (IL) applications, the commonly accepted properties of ionic liquids are frequently mentioned. For example, ionic liquids are described as possessing immeasurably low vapor pressure, being “green material”, non-coordinating, physically and chemically stable, and non-toxic, to name a few. However, all these descriptions are deemed “not exact” [1] as intensive research on ionic liquid properties continues. This review highlights the most recent developments in IL chemistry where the “well-known” description of IL properties sometimes proves to be inaccurate. However, in the authors’ opinion, all these new research developments concerning ionic liquid properties serve to update knowledge on the typical physical and chemical properties of ILs, which is significant to both theoretical research and industrial applications. This review presents an opportunity to understand IL through a more complete and accurate view. It seeks to pave the way for further studies on IL application in various fields.

Green UHPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Febuxostat and Diclofenac in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Human Plasma

Eco-friendly Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with green aqueous-organic mobile phase was applied for the simultaneous determination of febuxostat (FEB) and diclofenac (DIC) with the composition of water:ethanol (85:15 v/v) utilizing phenomenex Kinetex C18 column (4.6 × 100 mm 2.6 μm), flow rate 1 ml/min and UV detection at 280 nm with linear ranges of 0.4 - 4.0 μg/mL and 0.5 - 5.0 μg/mL for FEB and DIC, respectively. The proposed method was also successfully applied to analyze the two drugs in pharmaceutical dosage form and human plasma. The results obtained were validated and statistically analyzed and found to be in accordance with those given by reported methods. Moreover, the greenness of the developed method is assessed using suitable analytical Eco-Scale and GAPI tools and comparison with the previously published methods have been carried out to indicate the priority of the proposed method. UHPLC is considered eco-friendly method regarding uses of safe solvents, simple, accurate and short time of analysis.

基于代谢组学的绿茶热加工过程中化学成分变化规律解析

为探究高火功绿茶品质的形成机理,基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆轨道阱质谱代谢组学方法对绿茶加工过程样进行分析,重点关注杀青、干燥和焙火等热加工过程中化学成分差异及变化规律。在绿茶不同热加工过程样中共鉴定出125种化合物,包括10种黄烷醇类、14种二聚儿茶素类、19种黄酮醇-O-糖苷类、5种黄酮-C-糖苷类、8种N-乙基-2-吡咯烷酮取代的儿茶素(N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-substituted flavan-3-ols,EPSF)类、16种氨基酸类、13种酚酸类、4种有机酸类、11种生物碱类、13种脂类、4种香气糖苷类和8种其他类化合物。偏最小二乘判别分析和热图分析结果表明,绿茶热加工过程中内含成分变化明显,筛选出114种具有显著差异的化合物(P<0.05)。在杀青、干燥、焙火等过程中,大部分儿茶素、二聚儿茶素类化合物含量下降,EPSF类、黄酮-C-糖苷类和脂类化合物含量明显上升;香气糖苷类化合物(苯乙醇樱草糖苷、芳樟醇樱草糖苷和芳樟醇氧化物樱草糖苷等)含量在杀青过程中增加了439%~2497%;N-1-脱氧-D-果糖酰茶氨酸含量在干燥过程中增加了820%~1290%;黄酮醇-O-糖苷类化合物(杨梅素-3-半乳糖苷、山柰酚-3-半乳糖苷、山柰酚-3-阿拉伯糖苷、杨梅素-3-葡萄糖苷和山柰酚-3-葡萄糖苷等)含量在焙火过程中明显下降。本研究可为后续进一步提升绿茶品质提供理论参考。

毛健绿茶化学成分及促消化功能分析

采用保健食品功效学研究中的小鼠小肠运动评价,大鼠体质量、体质量增量、摄食量、食物利用率评价、大鼠胃蛋白酶活性及胃蛋白酶排出量测定等实验评估毛健绿茶水提物的促消化效果,并进一步结合基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电轨道阱质谱的代谢组学方法对其化学成分进行系统解析。动物实验结果表明,与模型对照组相比,高剂量毛健绿茶水提物组(0.83g/(kg·d))小鼠小肠墨汁推进率显著升高(P<0.05),与阴性对照组(去离子水组)相比,中剂量毛健绿茶水提物组(0.21g/(kg·d))大鼠胃蛋白酶排出量显著升高(P<0.05),结合两者结果表明毛健绿茶具有一定的促消化功能;代谢组学分析在毛健绿茶水提物中共鉴定出98个化合物,其中黄酮(芹菜素和木犀草素,0.14~0.77mg/g)、黄烷酮(柚皮素和圣草酚,0.49~1.49mg/g)、黄酮-7-O-葡萄糖苷(0.57~9.07mg/g)和黄烷酮-7-O-葡萄糖苷(4.49~38.98mg/g)为主要成分。本研究较为系统地评价了毛健绿茶水提物的促消化功能,并解析其主要化学成分,为日后毛健绿茶及其新产品的推广和开发利用提供了相应的理论依据。

生石灰粒径对碱回收绿液消苛化反应的影响及工程实践

本研究探索了生石灰粒径对碱回收过程绿液消化反应和苛化反应的影响,并在实际生产过程中进行实践。结果表明,粒径较小的生石灰能够促进绿液的消化反应和苛化反应。随着生石灰粒径的减小,绿液消化过程温度增幅由15.0℃增加到19.0℃,升温时间由240 s减少到190 s,消化渣有效CaO含量由17.8%降低到7.2%。苛化后白液中活性碱含量由128.0 g/L提高到131.5 g/L,苛化度由76.5%提高到78.8%。但较小粒径的生石灰苛化后产生的白泥粒径也较小,不利于白液的澄清,因此应合理控制生石灰粒径。在实际生产实践中,利用粉状生石灰替换块状生石灰,可简化生石灰系统,使白液中活性碱含量和苛化度分别提高了2.0 g/L和2.5个百分点,生石灰系统运行费用降低4980元/天。

股票流动性与企业绿色创新

股票流动性对企业的影响越来越受到学术界的关注,然而现有研究较少关注股票流动性对企业绿色创新的影响。本文利用2011—2021年A股上市公司数据,研究了股票流动性对企业绿色创新的影响。研究发现:股票流动性提升对企业绿色创新有促进作用。机制检验的结果表明,股票流动性提升对企业绿色创新的正向影响源自信息效应和机构投资者的治理效应。进一步研究发现,基于信息效应,当投资者专业性提升后,股票流动性提升对企业绿色创新的正向影响会被强化;基于机构投资者的治理效应,控股股东股权质押没有削弱股票流动性提升对企业绿色创新的正向影响。本文的研究结论为资本市场如何助力企业绿色创新提供了重要启示。

锂离子电池绿色回收在物理化学教学中的应用

随着锂离子电池的日益普及,废旧锂离子电池的数量越来越多;锂离子电池绿色回收对固体废物治理和资源的可持续利用具有重要意义。物理化学是化学、化工相关专业的一门重要基础课程。物理化学中的热力学第一定律、热力学第二定律、多组分热力学、相平衡、化学平衡、电解质溶液、可逆电池的电动势、电解池与极化、动力学、胶体界面等章节融入锂离子电池绿色回收对物理化学课程的建设、环境治理和绿色高质量发展提供科学依据和理论指导。

绿色信贷对商业银行风险的影响——基于中国银行业的多期双重差分验证

商业银行支持绿色发展和防范风险是一对不可调和的矛盾吗?本文基于2008—2019年中国64家商业银行数据构建了绿色信贷政策的准自然实验,利用双重差分模型研究了绿色信贷对商业银行风险的影响。研究发现:商业银行开展绿色信贷可以有效降低商业银行风险,政策效应存在3年的滞后性;绿色信贷政策可以削弱大型国有商业银行和城市商业银行风险,但对非大型国有商业银行和农村商业银行的影响并不明显;增加绿色信贷份额可以增强商业银行流动性及创新性,进而降低商业银行风险。

固载质子型离子液体催化酯化反应合成香蕉油——可回收固态催化剂的实验教学应用

酯化反应是大学有机合成实验课程中的重要训练项目。应用溶胶-凝胶法制备了N-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐固载离子液体催化剂(Meim-HSO_(4)@SiO_(2)),Meim-HSO_(4)@SiO_(2)取代传统无机酸催化醋酸与异戊醇酯化反应。与无机酸相比,固态催化剂Meim-HSO_(4)@SiO_(2)取用更加方便,转化率提高22.1%,反应结束后只需抽滤、洗涤、烘干便可实现催化剂的回收再利用,成本缩减约37.5%。新设计为大学化学教学实验“香蕉油的制备与鉴定”提供了切实可行的催化剂选择新思路,符合绿色化学发展需求,有助于学生综合能力的提升和改进思维的培养。

微波辅助低液固比水剂法提取青梅核仁油

探索青梅核仁油的新型提取方法对拓展该新资源油脂的用途具有重要意义。通过探究液固比(加入水的体积与固体质量的比值)、NaCl质量浓度(NaCl溶解在水中的质量与溶液总体积之比)、微波预处理的功率和时间对青梅核仁油提取率的影响;以有机溶剂提取法作为参照,研究微波辅助低液固比水剂法对青梅核仁油的提取率以及理化指标的影响。结果表明,在低液固比(mL∶g)0.14时青梅核仁油提取率最高,比高液固比(mL∶g)1(传统水剂法)时增加了21.28%;与无预处理相比,微波(420 W,80 s)预处理显著提高了青梅核仁油的提取率(增加了11.34%)。此外,与有机溶剂提取法相比,微波辅助低液固比水剂法获得的青梅核仁油具有更低的酸价(2.22 mg/g)、硫代巴比妥酸值(0.014 mg/kg)、过氧化值(0.17 mmol/kg)和更高的皂化价(179.82 mg/g);且这2种方法对青梅核仁油的脂肪酸组成、色泽和DPPH自由基清除率无显著差异。研究表明,微波辅助低液固比水剂法可以有效提取青梅核仁油,且提取率和油脂品质表现良好,这为提高青梅核仁的附加值打下了基础。

大型天然气净化厂硫磺回收装置尾气SO_(2)减排技术

GB 39728—2020《陆上石油天然气开采工业大气污染物排放标准》对新建及现有天然气净化厂硫磺回收装置大气污染物排放限值提出了更高的要求。为降低尾气SO_(2)排放浓度,实现含硫废气资源化利用,对高含硫天然气净化厂硫磺回收装置工艺技术进行了优化:(1)开发大型硫磺回收装置液硫池含硫废气回收工艺,将液硫池废气引入克劳斯炉进行硫元素回收;(2)开发大型硫磺回收装置深度热备开工技术,建立酸性气联通网,减少开工期间SO_(2)排放;(3)开发大型硫磺回收装置绿色停工工艺,利用热氮吹硫实现绿色停工。技术优化后,装置负荷100%时,尾气SO_(2)质量浓度可降至197 mg/m^(3),减少排放40%;停工期间,尾气SO_(2)排放浓度远低于甲烷吹硫模式,平均值可达237 mg/m^(3),满足GB 39728—2020对大型硫磺回收装置的SO_(2)排放要求。

离子液体的发展及其在有机合成中的应用

绿色发展是化学化工领域的新思想和新追求,离子液体是一种绿色的催化剂和反应溶剂,其具有不易挥发,不易燃烧,热稳定高,绿色环保,并且可回收等特点,因此,日益受到化学家的青睐,对其进一步的研究也日趋成熟。本文就离子液体的发展历程,分类和特性,及其在有机合成化学中的应用进行了阐述,离子液体目前已经被应用到了氧化反应,还原反应,傅-克反应,偶联反应,缩合反应和加成反应中,在这些不同类型的反应中,均取得了不错的结果。本文综述了以上内容,通过分析,总结和归纳,希望提出创新性的思想,使得离子液体的研究和应用在未来具有更加巨大的进步。