A thermo-insensitive pale green leaf mutant (pgl2) was isolated from T-DNA inserted transgenic lines of rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp, japonica cv. Nipponbare). Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype was caus...A thermo-insensitive pale green leaf mutant (pgl2) was isolated from T-DNA inserted transgenic lines of rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp, japonica cv. Nipponbare). Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype was caused by a recessive mutation in a single nuclear-encoded gene. To map the PGL2gene, an F2 population was constructed by crossing the mutant with Longtefu (Oryza sativa L. subsp, indica). The PGL2 locus was roughly linked to SSR marker RM331 on chromosome 8. To finely map the gene, 14 new InDel markers were developed around the marker, and PGL2 was further mapped to a 2.37 Mb centromeric region. Analysis on chlorophyll contents of leaves showed that there was no obvious difference between the mutant and the wild type in total chlorophyll (Chl) content, while the ratio of Chl a / Chl b in the mutant was only about 1, which was distinctly lower than that in the wild type, suggesting that the PGL2 gene was related to the conversion between Chl a and Chl b. Moreover, the method of primer design around the centromeric region was discussed, which would provide insight into fine mapping of the functional genes in plant centromeres.展开更多
Current methods for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis are timeconsuming and complicated. We aimed at development of one-step real-time fluorescence mutant-allele-specific amplification (MASA) method fo...Current methods for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis are timeconsuming and complicated. We aimed at development of one-step real-time fluorescence mutant-allele-specific amplification (MASA) method for rapid SNP analysis. The method is a marriage of two technologies: MASA primers for target DNA and a double-stranded DNA-selective fluorescent dye, SYBR Green I. Genotypes are separated according to the different threshold cycles of the wild-type and mutant primers. K-ras oncogene was used as a target to validate the feasibility of the method. The experimental results showed that the different genotypes can be clearly discriminated by the assay. The real-time fluorescence MASA method will have an enormous potential for fast and reliable SNP analysis due to its simplicity and low cost.展开更多
叶色突变是一类十分明显的性状突变,在高等植物的叶绿素合成、叶绿体结构、功能、遗传、分化与发育等基础研究中均具有重要意义。到目前为止,已鉴定多个重要的水稻功能基因,据不完全统计,水稻中至少已定位了79个叶色突变位点,并已成功...叶色突变是一类十分明显的性状突变,在高等植物的叶绿素合成、叶绿体结构、功能、遗传、分化与发育等基础研究中均具有重要意义。到目前为止,已鉴定多个重要的水稻功能基因,据不完全统计,水稻中至少已定位了79个叶色突变位点,并已成功克隆出多个叶色相关基因,其中OsCHLH、OsCAO1、OsCAO2、chlorina1、chlorina9、ygl等直接参与编码叶绿素合成,其余基因均参与叶绿体发育调控。在日本晴(Nipponbare)T-DNA插入突变体库中筛选到一份对温度敏感的白条纹突变体gws(green-white-stripe),遗传分析表明它来自组织培养过程中的单隐性基因突变。利用gws与培矮64杂交组合的F2代群体,将Gws精细定位于第6染色体标记InDel15和InDel16之间,物理距离为73kb,此区间内包含13个基因。基因组序列分析发现,突变体在核糖核苷二磷酸还原酶小亚基(ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase small chain,RNRS1)编码区第314~315碱基发生缺失,第316~317碱基由GC变为TT,导致该基因阅读框移码突变,蛋白质翻译提前终止。该基因是已经报道的水稻白条纹叶基因St1(Stripe1)的等位基因,gws突变体较st1突变体的白条纹出现早且明显,gws白条纹表型出现在第2片叶之后,而st1的白条纹表型仅出现在第4或5片叶之后。展开更多
在水稻品种南粳41中发现了一个黄绿叶自然突变体,经过多代连续自交形成了稳定的突变系,命名为ygl11(t),ygl11(t)整个生育期叶片都表现为黄绿色。对苗期、分蘖盛期、齐穗期突变体和野生型的叶绿素含量进行测定,ygl11(t)的叶绿素含...在水稻品种南粳41中发现了一个黄绿叶自然突变体,经过多代连续自交形成了稳定的突变系,命名为ygl11(t),ygl11(t)整个生育期叶片都表现为黄绿色。对苗期、分蘖盛期、齐穗期突变体和野生型的叶绿素含量进行测定,ygl11(t)的叶绿素含量是野生型的45.7%~74.7%,叶绿素a含量是野生型的55.2%~87.5%,叶绿素b含量是野生型的12.5%~25.3%,ygl11(t)的类胡萝卜素的含量是野生型的62.3%~97.0%。ygl11(t)在分蘖盛期的净光合速率显著高于野生型,花后10d,ygl11(t)的净光合速率比野生型略低。对突变体叶片中叶绿体的超微结构进行观察,发现突变体叶绿体内的类囊体基粒片层数目减少且严重扭曲变形。遗传分析表明,ygl11(t)叶色性状受1对隐性核基因控制。利用SSR分子标记将YGL11(t)初步定位在水稻第10染色体的长臂上,进一步利用新开发的InDel和CAPS标记将YGL11(t)定位在58.1kb的物理距离内。对该区段内存在的开放阅读框进行序列分析,发现突变体ygl11(t)中编码叶绿素a氧化酶(chlorophyll a oxygenase 1)基因(OsCAO 1)的第9个外显子存在2个碱基缺失,从而导致提前出现终止密码子,初步分析OsCAO1即为YGL11(t)的候选基因。展开更多
以籼稻93-11为背景的水稻突变体中发现一个黄绿叶突变体(yellow-green leaf,ygl10)。形态分析表明,与野生型93-11相比,ygl10突变体株高、穗长降低,结实率下降。叶绿素含量测定表明,ygl10突变体中叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量均极...以籼稻93-11为背景的水稻突变体中发现一个黄绿叶突变体(yellow-green leaf,ygl10)。形态分析表明,与野生型93-11相比,ygl10突变体株高、穗长降低,结实率下降。叶绿素含量测定表明,ygl10突变体中叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量均极显著降低,其中叶绿素b降幅最大,只有野生型的2%。叶绿体超微结构观察表明,突变体中类囊体和基粒片层数量明显减少。遗传分析结果表明,该黄绿叶突变体由一隐性核基因控制。进一步利用分子标记将ygl10定位在水稻第10染色体约380kb的区段内。对该区段内存在的ORF进行序列分析,发现编码叶绿素a氧化酶(chlorophyll a oxygenase)基因(OsCAO1)的第9个外显子存在5个碱基缺失,从而导致提前出现终止密码子,推测CAO1即为ygl10的候选基因。展开更多
文摘A thermo-insensitive pale green leaf mutant (pgl2) was isolated from T-DNA inserted transgenic lines of rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp, japonica cv. Nipponbare). Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype was caused by a recessive mutation in a single nuclear-encoded gene. To map the PGL2gene, an F2 population was constructed by crossing the mutant with Longtefu (Oryza sativa L. subsp, indica). The PGL2 locus was roughly linked to SSR marker RM331 on chromosome 8. To finely map the gene, 14 new InDel markers were developed around the marker, and PGL2 was further mapped to a 2.37 Mb centromeric region. Analysis on chlorophyll contents of leaves showed that there was no obvious difference between the mutant and the wild type in total chlorophyll (Chl) content, while the ratio of Chl a / Chl b in the mutant was only about 1, which was distinctly lower than that in the wild type, suggesting that the PGL2 gene was related to the conversion between Chl a and Chl b. Moreover, the method of primer design around the centromeric region was discussed, which would provide insight into fine mapping of the functional genes in plant centromeres.
基金This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60378043,30470494)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(015012,04010394).
文摘Current methods for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis are timeconsuming and complicated. We aimed at development of one-step real-time fluorescence mutant-allele-specific amplification (MASA) method for rapid SNP analysis. The method is a marriage of two technologies: MASA primers for target DNA and a double-stranded DNA-selective fluorescent dye, SYBR Green I. Genotypes are separated according to the different threshold cycles of the wild-type and mutant primers. K-ras oncogene was used as a target to validate the feasibility of the method. The experimental results showed that the different genotypes can be clearly discriminated by the assay. The real-time fluorescence MASA method will have an enormous potential for fast and reliable SNP analysis due to its simplicity and low cost.
文摘叶色突变是一类十分明显的性状突变,在高等植物的叶绿素合成、叶绿体结构、功能、遗传、分化与发育等基础研究中均具有重要意义。到目前为止,已鉴定多个重要的水稻功能基因,据不完全统计,水稻中至少已定位了79个叶色突变位点,并已成功克隆出多个叶色相关基因,其中OsCHLH、OsCAO1、OsCAO2、chlorina1、chlorina9、ygl等直接参与编码叶绿素合成,其余基因均参与叶绿体发育调控。在日本晴(Nipponbare)T-DNA插入突变体库中筛选到一份对温度敏感的白条纹突变体gws(green-white-stripe),遗传分析表明它来自组织培养过程中的单隐性基因突变。利用gws与培矮64杂交组合的F2代群体,将Gws精细定位于第6染色体标记InDel15和InDel16之间,物理距离为73kb,此区间内包含13个基因。基因组序列分析发现,突变体在核糖核苷二磷酸还原酶小亚基(ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase small chain,RNRS1)编码区第314~315碱基发生缺失,第316~317碱基由GC变为TT,导致该基因阅读框移码突变,蛋白质翻译提前终止。该基因是已经报道的水稻白条纹叶基因St1(Stripe1)的等位基因,gws突变体较st1突变体的白条纹出现早且明显,gws白条纹表型出现在第2片叶之后,而st1的白条纹表型仅出现在第4或5片叶之后。
文摘在水稻品种南粳41中发现了一个黄绿叶自然突变体,经过多代连续自交形成了稳定的突变系,命名为ygl11(t),ygl11(t)整个生育期叶片都表现为黄绿色。对苗期、分蘖盛期、齐穗期突变体和野生型的叶绿素含量进行测定,ygl11(t)的叶绿素含量是野生型的45.7%~74.7%,叶绿素a含量是野生型的55.2%~87.5%,叶绿素b含量是野生型的12.5%~25.3%,ygl11(t)的类胡萝卜素的含量是野生型的62.3%~97.0%。ygl11(t)在分蘖盛期的净光合速率显著高于野生型,花后10d,ygl11(t)的净光合速率比野生型略低。对突变体叶片中叶绿体的超微结构进行观察,发现突变体叶绿体内的类囊体基粒片层数目减少且严重扭曲变形。遗传分析表明,ygl11(t)叶色性状受1对隐性核基因控制。利用SSR分子标记将YGL11(t)初步定位在水稻第10染色体的长臂上,进一步利用新开发的InDel和CAPS标记将YGL11(t)定位在58.1kb的物理距离内。对该区段内存在的开放阅读框进行序列分析,发现突变体ygl11(t)中编码叶绿素a氧化酶(chlorophyll a oxygenase 1)基因(OsCAO 1)的第9个外显子存在2个碱基缺失,从而导致提前出现终止密码子,初步分析OsCAO1即为YGL11(t)的候选基因。
文摘以籼稻93-11为背景的水稻突变体中发现一个黄绿叶突变体(yellow-green leaf,ygl10)。形态分析表明,与野生型93-11相比,ygl10突变体株高、穗长降低,结实率下降。叶绿素含量测定表明,ygl10突变体中叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量均极显著降低,其中叶绿素b降幅最大,只有野生型的2%。叶绿体超微结构观察表明,突变体中类囊体和基粒片层数量明显减少。遗传分析结果表明,该黄绿叶突变体由一隐性核基因控制。进一步利用分子标记将ygl10定位在水稻第10染色体约380kb的区段内。对该区段内存在的ORF进行序列分析,发现编码叶绿素a氧化酶(chlorophyll a oxygenase)基因(OsCAO1)的第9个外显子存在5个碱基缺失,从而导致提前出现终止密码子,推测CAO1即为ygl10的候选基因。
文摘叶色突变体是研究高等植物光合作用、叶绿素代谢途径、叶绿体结构与功能分子机制的理想材料。本研究从EMS(ethyl methane sulfonate)处理的缙恢10号(Oryza sativa L.ssp.indica)诱变群体中发现了一个苗期呈现黄绿色、抽穗期渐变为淡绿色的叶色突变体,命名为yellow green leaf 9(ygl9)。与野生型相比,ygl9苗期和分蘖期光合色素极显著降低,抽穗期光合色素显著降低,气孔长度、气孔导度和蒸腾速率极显著增加,净光合速率无明显变化。透射电镜观察表明,ygl9的嗜锇小体增多、基粒模糊、基质片层减少且疏松,但叶绿体结构基本完整。遗传分析显示该突变性状受1对隐性核基因调控。利用西农1A/ygl9 F2群体中的759株隐性单株,最终将YGL9定位在第3染色体短臂SSR标记S03-1和In Del标记Ind03-19之间,遗传距离分别为0.13 c M和0.07 c M,物理距离为63 kb。本研究为YGL9基因的克隆和功能分析奠定了基础。