Effect of the Grain for Green Project on freshwater ecosystem services under drought stress

The Grain for Green Project(GGP) is an important measure for the prevention of sloping farmland and the restoration of natural vegetation.This project has been critical to the restoration of ecological environments in western China. However,the effect of the GGP on freshwater ecosystem services under extreme climates remains unclear. Thus, taking the middle and upper reaches of the Wujiang River Basin in western China as an example, this study assessed the variation of three freshwater ecosystem services(e.g., water yield, soil retention and nutrient retention) impacted by the GGP under drought stress by employing the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(In VEST) model. In addition,the trade-off/synergistic relationship between three freshwater ecosystem services was analyzed based on the Pearson correlation coefficient. As revealed from the results, the effect of the GGP on the water yield and nutrient retention under drought stress was significantly higher than that on the soil retention.With the increase in the drought degree, the variation rate of the water yield and nutrient retention impacted by the GGP increased, whereas that of the soil retention decreased. The GGP in droughts of different seasons resulted in a significant heterogeneity in the changes of three freshwater ecosystem services. The correlation coefficients between the water yield and soil retention as well as that between the water yield and the nutrient retention increased, and the correlation coefficients declined between soil and nutrient retention under different drought degrees following the GGP. Unlike for the summer drought case, there were no significant changes in the correlation coefficients between three freshwater ecosystem services in spring, autumn and winter droughts. The results suggest that the amount of farmland converted to shrubland should be regulated to reduce the trade-off intensity between freshwater ecosystem services. In addition, food security and ecological environment protection should be balanced during the implementation of the GGP, and the most concentrated distribution region of farmland-to-forest conversion will be the key area of ecological management in the future.

Green Project System Design of Machine Process Factory

As the specialty of the product and the dim conscio us ness of environmental protection, the status of dirty, chaos and difference is l ong-term existed in the machine process factory. It seriously affects workers’ work and living environment, and restricts the total level of the environment p rotection in our country. The project is the fatal scientific research task of H enan province in 2001. As the members’ endeavor of task group, we have finished the total plan of green project system and some other key equipment to the mach ine process factory, such as the design of conveyer of chip, hydraulic former of chip, rough conveyer and dirt collector. And the green project system is made i nto model that the manufacturer can select. This item is a fire-new work. We ho pe that the expert of machine, environment protection and government official ca n put forward some advices by lodging this article. We contribute for our countr y’ environment protection and make it attain a new level.

Model of Cost-benefit Flow in Six Green Projects in China

From the point of cost-benefit flow and with the Six Green Projects in China as the case and background, it is criticized that the current natural resource and environmental management and the policies in China have some problems unsolved since the model of cost-benefit flow is still centralized and mainly in an administrative way in spite of many efforts made theoretically and practically. It is suggested that a new model based on market-oriented economy from the point of cost-benefit flow with Six Green Projects Management and Policies System consist of complete natural reserve (NR). Management system included environmental nature reserves in addition to biodiversity nature reserve, paid using nature resources, an environmental conservation and construction industry and renewable resource production incentive system that turn the direct administration and operation to management and services. The detail figure of the new model of cost-benefit flow is provided and the main points related are discussed in this paper.

The Cross-Century Green Project

ＴｈｅＣｒｏｓｓ－ＣｅｎｔｕｒｙＧｒｅｅｎＰｒｏｊｅｃｔＢｙｓｔａｆｆｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｒ；ＨＯＵＲＵＩＬＩＦＲＯＭ１９９６ｔＯ２０１０，ｔｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｗｉｌｌｍａｋｅｇｒｅａｔｅｆｆｏｒｔｓｔｏｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅ...

Cost Control Strategies for Hubei General Highway Greening Project

In order to respond to the national policy of focusing on the service of building a new development pattern and promoting high-quality development,and to reduce the cost of greening projects while ensuring the effect of highway landscape,a process and cost control points of highway greening design,construction,and maintenance are summarized through a review of the literature.Additionally,this paper examines the attributes of highway greening and proposes cost control strategies that are aligned with these attributes.It is proposed that the implementation of cost control strategies for highway greening should commence at the project establishment phase,with the objective of establishing a comprehensive and effective cost management control system.While guaranteeing the greening landscape effect and the duration of the project,it is essential to regulate the crucial nodes in each phase of the design,construction,and maintenance process.Furthermore,it is vital to facilitate close collaboration between all parties involved,thereby reducing costs,conserving resources,and lowering energy consumption.This approach can also lead to enhanced economic and social benefits for highway greening projects.

Determinants of Adoption of Agricultural Extension of Green River Project among Rural Households of Niger Delta, Nigeria

This study analyzed the determinants of adoption of agricultural extension of Green River Project among rural households of Niger Delta, Nigeria. Questionnaire, which was randomly distributed, was used for data collection from 270 direct beneficiaries of the project. Frequency, percentage and multiple regression were used for data analyses. For the beneficiaries, the results indicated a mean age of 48 years, 9 years of formal education, annual net farm income of N115, 681.48 and 2.8 times of monthly contact with Project Extension Officers. The mean adoption status of the project was 56.6%. The relationship between socio-economic characteristics of beneficiaries and adoption status gave an R2 of 0.668. Age, education, farming, experience, farm income and extension contact were significant determinants of adoption. The study recommends improvement in formal education, farm income, extension contact and inclusion of younger farmers as beneficiaries to enhance adoption status.

An Analysis of the Benfit on Green Risk in Construction Projects

The Construction project green risks (CPGRs) refer to those threats to environment, energy sources and material re-sources during the entire life-cycle of a construction project. The emergent green risks in exploiting these resources are of varying concern to all. In this paper, evolutionary game is introduced to make about impacts of strategy choices from interactions among the choices developers, and between the choices developers and EPDs on project green risk. The results show that CPGRs will occur if either developers find that not managing CPGRs has a better payoff than opting for CPGR management, or if monitors impose only mild fines even when they find CPGRs within construction projects of developer’s firms. The study also shows that there is a prohibitively expensive cost incurred by EPDs in monitoring CPGRs. Finally, some strategies are given for EPDs to help them make policies to regulate the strategies of developers.

面向“双碳”目标人才培养的工业化学课程教学改革探索与实践

为培养“双碳”目标高等教育紧缺专业人才,过程装备与控制工程专业工业化学课程“教”与“学”的模式需要与时俱进,改变以教师为中心的教学模式,建立以学生为中心的教学模式势在必行。该文针对工业化学课程教学过程中存在的“双碳”目标教育内容不足问题,初步探索通过增加绿色工程教育内容、实施项目驱动教学、建设跨学科的工业化学师资队伍和建立与“双碳”目标人才培养相适应的教学评价方法等措施来提高教学质量,并提出“双碳”目标下工业化学课程体系改革建议,为培养“双碳”目标紧缺人才提供参考和应用实践。

“双碳”战略下绿色金融对我国碳排放强度的影响研究

基于我国30个省份2010—2019年的面板数据,运用基于加速遗传算法的投影寻踪模型测度绿色金融发展水平,通过空间杜宾模型实证研究了绿色金融对碳排放强度的影响及空间溢出效应,并利用核密度估计图刻画出我国东部、中部、西部三大区域碳排放强度的空间分布动态特征。研究发现:第一,绿色金融对碳排放强度有着显著的负向影响以及负的空间溢出效应;第二,低碳技术水平的创新与发展以及能源消费结构的优化有利于降低碳排放强度;第三,我国东部地区碳排放强度水平较低,中西部地区相对较高,整体水平在考察期内逐年降低。基于以上结论,论文提出了有针对性的政策建议,以期为绿色金融助推我国“双碳”目标如期实现提供有力的支持。

浅议BIM技术、智能监测、绿色节能在建设工程项目管理中的应用

文章研究了BIM和智能监测的建设工程项目管理在绿色节能领域的创新应用。通过详细分析和探讨,揭示这一整合应用的核心原理和关键作用。通过综合BIM、智能监测和绿色节能理念,强调了这一整合应用对于实现可持续建筑和更高效能源利用的重要性,为未来建筑工程的发展提供了方向。

Spatiotemporal characteristics and driving mechanisms of land use/land cover(LULC)changes in the Jinghe River Basin,China

Understanding the trajectories and driving mechanisms behind land use/land cover(LULC)changes is essential for effective watershed planning and management.This study quantified the net change,exchange,total change,and transfer rate of LULC in the Jinghe River Basin(JRB),China using LULC data from 2000 to 2020.Through trajectory analysis,knowledge maps,chord diagrams,and standard deviation ellipse method,we examined the spatiotemporal characteristics of LULC changes.We further established an index system encompassing natural factors(digital elevation model(DEM),slope,aspect,and curvature),socio-economic factors(gross domestic product(GDP)and population),and accessibility factors(distance from railways,distance from highways,distance from water,and distance from residents)to investigate the driving mechanisms of LULC changes using factor detector and interaction detector in the geographical detector(Geodetector).The key findings indicate that from 2000 to 2020,the JRB experienced significant LULC changes,particularly for farmland,forest,and grassland.During the study period,LULC change trajectories were categorized into stable,early-stage,late-stage,repeated,and continuous change types.Besides the stable change type,the late-stage change type predominated the LULC change trajectories,comprising 83.31% of the total change area.The period 2010-2020 witnessed more active LULC changes compared to the period 2000-2010.The LULC changes exhibited a discrete spatial expansion trend during 2000-2020,predominantly extending from southeast to northwest of the JRB.Influential driving factors on LULC changes included slope,GDP,and distance from highways.The interaction detection results imply either bilinear or nonlinear enhancement for any two driving factors impacting the LULC changes from 2000 to 2020.This comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal characteristics and driving mechanisms of LULC changes offers valuable insights for the planning and sustainable management of LULC in the JRB.

Controllable precision of the projective truncation approximation for Green's functions

Recently, we developed the projective truncation approximation for the equation of motion of two-time Green's functions(Fan et al., Phys. Rev. B 97, 165140(2018)). In that approximation, the precision of results depends on the selection of operator basis. Here, for three successively larger operator bases, we calculate the local static averages and the impurity density of states of the single-band Anderson impurity model. The results converge systematically towards those of numerical renormalization group as the basis size is enlarged. We also propose a quantitative gauge of the truncation error within this method and demonstrate its usefulness using the Hubbard-I basis. We thus confirm that the projective truncation approximation is a method of controllable precision for quantum many-body systems.

循数善治:数字技术如何赋能基层治理?——基于浙江衢州“邻礼通·三民工程”的案例分析

社区治理是我国基层治理的重要组成部分,提升社区治理效能是实现基层善治、推动国家治理能力现代化的关键一环。目前我国的社区治理体系具有管控性强、覆盖率高等优势,然而社区治理难度增大和治理任务繁重等现实难题也阻碍着治理效能的进一步提升。本文提出依托数字技术赋能城市社区治理的研究框架,根据现实基层治理的困境和难点,提炼了“循数善治”的赋能模式,总结了五条数字技术赋能基层治理的作用机制,并结合浙江衢州“邻礼通·三民工程”的案例具体分析。衢州市的基层治理改革创新对治理模式转向善治的本土化耦合提供了循数善治的数字赋能路径,为解决基层治理难题、实现国家善治,开拓了一条数字时代的基层治理新路。

基于ITSA模型的浙江省世界银行贷款千岛湖项目成效分析

针对国家级战略规划《千岛湖及新安江上游流域水资源与生态环境保护综合规划》的出台,浙江省于2018年11月启动了世界银行贷款浙江千岛湖及新安江流域水资源与生态环境保护项目。为评估该项目对千岛湖水资源的阶段性保护成效,本文采用中断时间序列分析ITSA模型进行定量分析,研究千岛湖项目与千岛湖水基金协同执行2年之后的治理成效。研究结论显示,千岛湖部分水质指标的改善已进入瓶颈期,要获得水质的进一步提升,仍需继续加大科技投入,除提升上游来水水质外,还要从提升水环境治理的科技水平、治理广度与深度等方面着手,才能获得更大突破。

北洛河上游流域植被覆盖度时空变化及其地形分异特征

[目的]揭示退耕还林还草工程实施前后黄土丘陵沟壑区流域植被恢复过程,阐明流域植被恢复的地形分异效应,进而为黄土丘陵沟壑区制定适宜的流域生态建设和保护对策提供科技支撑。[方法]基于北洛河上游流域1990—2019年4期Landsat影像及数字高程模型数据,利用像元二分模型结合GIS技术,开展了退耕还林还草工程实施前后该流域植被覆盖度变化地形分异特征研究。[结果](1)流域植被覆盖度在空间上呈现东南高、西北低的分异特征。1990—2019年流域年均植被覆盖度呈持续上升趋势,在退耕还林还草工程实施以后高等级植被覆盖度面积占比大幅提升,1990年、2000年、2010年、2019年高等级植被覆盖度面积占比分别为0.97%,6.96%,42.17%,64.18%。(2)在工程实施的各个时期,流域植被覆盖总体持续改善,但西北局部地区植被退化。研究期间,流域植被覆盖度结构改善明显,中高及高植被覆盖度面积以转入为主,中低及低植被覆盖度面积以转出为主。(3)流域植被覆盖度在地形上存在明显分异特征,植被覆盖度随高程的增加呈减小趋势,植被覆盖度与坡度呈正相关,坡度越陡,植被覆盖度越大,植被覆盖度随坡向遵循阴坡>半阴坡>平地>半阳坡>阳坡的分布规律。[结论]实施退耕还林还草工程对增加北洛河上游流域植被覆盖度起到了关键作用,但部分区域植被退化严重,未来该流域应重点关注城市空间扩展以及气候变化对植被建设的影响,以应对环境演变下植被生态系统可持续发展面临的挑战。

赛罕乌拉林草交错区典型生态系统土壤理化性质对比

为分析退耕林地、自然草地、农田3种植被管理方式对土壤理化性质的影响,识别不同植被修复模式下土壤理化性质的差异,本研究以内蒙古赛罕乌拉林草交错区自然草地、退耕林地、农田3种典型植被类型为研究对象,通过对比分析3种植被类型下0 cm、10 cm、20 cm、40 cm、60 cm深度土壤容重、含水量、粒径比等物理属性以及全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾养分元素含量,结合元素含量之间的相关性分析,结果发现:1)农田土壤存在明显的犁底层,犁底层之下养分元素含量迅速下降;2)草地土壤pH值低、有机碳含量高,农田pH值最高、有机碳含量低,退耕林地浅层土壤有机碳含量少,其土壤理化性质呈现出居于农田与自然草地之间的特征;3)农田土壤除速效磷、全钾等指标高于自然草地外,其他养分含量均低于自然草地。本研究表明,自然草地、退耕林地和农田是在相同土壤母质基础上,因经营管理方式差异而产生的土壤理化性质差异,草地的有机质含量最高、农田最低,土壤有机碳含量对于其他养分元素含量具有关键作用。因此,林草交错区生态系统固碳功能对于防风固沙等其他生态功能发挥具有决定作用,退耕还草有利于土壤养分元素的恢复,退耕还林工程还应注重林冠下方草本灌木生物量及物种多样性的恢复。

基于建设项目全寿命周期下绿色建筑碳排放的探究

中国作为能源消耗和温室气体排放大国,其碳排放比例不断上升,其中2005年和2017年碳排放比分别为18%和27.2%,2022年更是上升到28.87%。建筑业是碳排放量最大的行业,要实现“碳达峰”“碳中和”,其碳减排任务十分紧迫,且面临严峻的挑战。因此,在建设项目全寿命周期下,开展绿色建筑对于碳减排具有重要意义,笔者针对建设项目中所涉及的建筑领域的工作环节展开了论述。

多情景模拟下柯柯牙绿化工程区碳储量变化特征

本文以柯柯牙绿化工程区为研究对象,耦合MCCA-InVEST模型对多土地利用情景下碳储量特征状况进行分析。研究结果表明:①MCCA模型模拟精度较好,适宜未来土地模拟;②除2050年现状发展情景外,未来不同年度3种发展情景碳储量均表现为增加趋势,且生态优先情景增长幅度最大。本文对区域生态安全及“双碳”目标下土地利用效率的提升具有重要意义。

地方高校化工专业绿色工程课程建设研究

在“双碳”目标下,绿色工程的实践与发展持续推进,而各大高校是推动绿色工程建设的“主力军”。调查了国内86所高校化工专业绿色工程课程设置现状,发现大部分高校的绿色化学的设置率仅有16.3%。提出了开展任务驱动教学、明确培养目标,有针对性地开设绿色理念课程,并根据区域特色和产业需求,构建符合特色绿色工程课程体系的方法。政府、地方高校、企业等多方参与推进绿色工程课程建设。政府提供法律保障和政策支持。企业响应国家政策,协同高校制定课程改革方案,培养绿色工程人才。

基于RS和GIS的陕西省洛川县土地利用类型和植被覆盖变化特征

明确土地利用类型转变和植被覆盖度变化的范围、幅度和归因是评估生态工程环境效应的前提。然而,在黄土高原塬区县域尺度类似的研究鲜有报道。基于长时间序列NDVI数据和Landsat系列卫星数据,探究黄土高原洛川县土地利用和植被覆盖度的变化状况。结果表明:退耕还林(草)工程实施以来,洛川县植被覆盖度从0.6(2000年)增至0.9(2020年),耕地面积减少了481.8 km2,其中231.3 km2为坡度≤15°的适耕区转为苹果园。由于坡耕地还林草的面积在洛川县土地变化总面积中仅占1.5%,远小于其他地类改种苹果的面积(占20.0%),因此,洛川县植被覆盖度的提升主要是政府大力推广苹果树种植的结果。研究结果可为黄土高原经济林建设提供基础数据和科学参考。