Solution of pavement temperature field in“Environment-Surface”system through Green's function

In order to simplify the boundary conditions of pavement temperature field,the "Environment-Surface" system which considered the natural environment and pavement surface was established.Based on this system,the partial differential equations of the one-dimensional heat conduction in the pavement were established on the basis of the heat transfer theory.Furthermore,the function forms of the initial and boundary conditions of the equations were created through the field experiments.The general solution of the pavement one-dimensional heat conduction partial differential equations was acquired by using Green's function,and the explicit expression of pavement temperature field under specific constraint conditions was derived.For the purpose of analysis,the pavement temperatures in different seasons were calculated using the explicit expression of pavement temperature field,and the calculation accuracy was analyzed through the comparison between measured and calculated values.Then,the relationship between fitting accuracy and calculation accuracy of pavement temperatures was analyzed.The analysis results show that: the usage of "Environment-Surface" system simplifies the calculation of pavement temperature field; the relative error between calculated and measured values is generally less than 7% and is seldom influenced by seasons; there is a positive correlation between the calculation accuracy and the fitting accuracy of pavement surface temperature; high fitting accuracy would result in less error of pavement temperature prediction.

A NEW METHOD FOR SOLVING DYADIC GREEN'S FUNCTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD

A new method for solving electromagnetic field boundary value problem is given.Byusing this method,the boundary value problem of the vector wave equation can be transformedinto the independent boundary value problem of scalar wave equations and the two additionalvector differential operations.All the dyadic Green’s functions got by eigenfunction expansionof the dyadic Green’s function can be got by this method easily and some of the dyadic Green’sfunctions for complex systems which are very difficult to get by the ordinary method have beengot by this new method.The dyadic Green’s function for a dielectric loaded cavity is one of thegiven examples.

Analytical prediction and field validation of transient temperature field in asphalt pavements

This work presented the development and validation of an analytical method to predict the transient temperature field in the asphalt pavement.The governing equation for heat transfer was based on heat conduction radiation and convection.An innovative time-dependent function was proposed to predict the pavement surface temperature with solar radiation and air temperature using dimensional analysis in order to simplify the complex heat exchange on the pavement surface.The parameters for the time-dependent pavement surface temperature function were obtained through the regression analysis of field measurement data.Assuming that the initial pavement temperature distribution was linear and the influence of the base course materials on the temperature of the upper asphalt layers was negligible,a close-form analytical solution of the temperature in asphalt layers was derived using Green's function.Finally,two numerical examples were presented to validate the model solutions with field temperature measurements.Analysis results show that the solution accuracy is in agreement with field data and the relative errors at a shallower depth are greater than those at a deeper one.Although the model is not sensitive to dramatic changes in climatic factors near the pavement surface,it is applicable for predicting pavement temperature field in cloudless days.

Spin Transport in a Rashba Ring-Quantum Dot System Pumped by Microwave Fields

We report a theoretical study on producing electrically spin-polarized current in the Rashba ring with parallel double dots embedded, which are subject to two time-dependent microwave fields. By means of the Keldysh Green＇s function method, we present an analytic result of the pumped current at adiabatic limit and demonstrate that the interplay between the quantum pumping effect and spin-dependent quantum interference can lead to an arbitrarily controllable spin-polarized current in the device. The magnitude and direction of the charge and spin current can be effectively modulated by system parameters such as the pumping phase difference, Rashba precession phase, and the dynamic phase difference of electron traveling in two arms of ring; moreover, the spin-polarization degree of the charge current can also be tuned in the range [-∞, ＋∞]. Our findings may shed light on the all-electric way to produce the controllable spin-polarized charge current in the field of spintronics.

Bending properties of green forage maize in field

Stalk lodging is prone to occur during the harvesting of green forage maize due to the header and root anchorage,resulting in loss of harvest.In particular,the fallen stalk wraps around the header,causing a blockage and increasing the energy cost.To address this problem,the deflection model was analyzed and established and a novel method to explore the field bend characteristics of green forage maize was proposed.The effects of stalk diameter,bending angle,and cutting height on bending stress and Young’s modulus were explored by using the method of in-situ measurement.Additionally,the bending deflection,axial displacement and measuring point displacement were obtained.Experimental results indicate that the stalk diameter and bending angle have a significant influence on bending stress.The bending stress has a positive correlation with bending angle and cutting height,while there is a negative correlation with stalk diameter.On the other hand,the bending angle,stalk diameter,and cutting height are closely related to the Young’s modulus.The mean values of the Young’s modulus decrease as a quadratic function with the increasing diameter and bending angle,while the cutting height has the opposite effect on it.Besides,the average values of bending deflection,axial displacement,and measuring point displacement exhibit an increasing trend when the bending angle and cutting height increase.This study results can provide a reference for studying the failure mechanism of green forage maize stalk harvesting,and the design of green forage maize harvesting machinery.

Electron transport in electrically biased inverse parabolic double-barrier structure

A theoretical study of resonant tunneling is carried out for an inverse parabolic double-barrier structure subjected to an external electric field. Tunneling transmission coefficient and density of states are analyzed by using the non-equilibrium Green＇s function approach based on the finite difference method. It is found that the resonant peak of the transmission coefficient, being unity for a symmetrical case, reduces under the applied electric field and depends strongly on the variation of the structure parameters.

An overview of a unified theory of dynamics of vehicle–pavement interaction under moving and stochastic load

This article lays out a unified theory for dynamics of vehicle-pavement interaction under moving and stochastic loads. It covers three major aspects of the subject： pavement surface, tire-pavement contact forces, and response of continuum media under moving and stochastic vehicular loads. Under the subject of pavement surface, the spectrum of thermal joints is analyzed using Fourier analysis of periodic function. One-dimensional and two-dimensional random field models of pavement surface are discussed given three different assumptions. Under the subject of tire-pavement contact forces, a vehicle is modeled as a linear system. At a constant speed of travel, random field of pavement surface serves as a stationary stochastic process exciting vehicle vibration, which, in turn, generates contact force at the interface of tire and pavement. The contact forces are analyzed in the time domain and the frequency domains using random vibration theory. It is shown that the contact force can be treated as a nonzero mean stationary process with a normal distribution. Power spectral density of the contact force of a vehicle with walking-beam suspension is simulated as an illustration. Under the subject of response of continuum media under moving and stochastic vehicular loads, both time-domain and frequency-domain analyses are presented for analytic treatment of moving load problem. It is shown that stochastic response of linear continuum media subject to a moving stationary load is a nonstationary process. Such a nonstationary stochastic process can be converted to a stationary stochastic process in a follow-up moving coordinate.

Modeling of Transient Thermal Conditions in Cutting

The thermal conditions like the temperature distribution and the heat fluxes during metal cutting have a major influence on the machinability, the tool lifetime, the metallurgical structure and thus the functionality of the work piece. This in particular applies for manufacturing processes like milling, drilling and turning for high-value turbomachinery components like impellers, combustion engines and compressors of the aerospace and automotive industry as well as energy generation, which play a major role in modern societies. However, numerous analytical and experimental efforts have been conducted in order to understand the thermal conditions in metal cutting, yet many questions still prevail. Most models are based on a stationary point of view and do not include time dependent effects like in intensity and distribution varying heat sources, varying engagement conditions and progressive tool wear. In order to cover such transient physics an analytical approach based on Green＇s functions for the solution of the partial differential equations of unsteady heat conduction in solids is used to model entire transient temperature fields. The validation of the model is carried out in orthogonal cutting experiments not only punctually but also for entire temperature fields. For these experiments an integrated measurement of prevailing cutting force and temperature fields in the tool and the chip by means of high-speed thermography were applied. The thermal images were analyzed with regard to thermodynamic energy balancing in order to derive the heat partition between tool, chips and workpiece. The thus calculated heat flow into the tool was subsequently used in order to analytically model the transient volumetric temperature fields in the tool. The described methodology enables the modeling of the transient thermal state in the cutting zone and particular in the tool, which is directly linked to phenomena like tool wear and workpiece surface modifications.

层状各向异性地层中含环状天线槽随钻方位电磁波测井几何因子算法

本文基于感应测井中的几何因子与一阶Born近似理论,通过柱坐标系下耦合势Helmholtz方程三维有限体积法研究建立了各向异性地层中含环状天线槽的随钻方位电磁波测井几何因子.首先,通过引入环状电流源与径向磁偶极子源电磁场Green函数,并结合Green第二积分公式,推导出随钻方位电磁波测井仪器中环形电场和横向磁场微小变化与各向异性地层中水平和垂直电导率相对摄动量之间的关系,得到轴向和横向感应电动势微小变化量计算方法与柱坐标系中轴向和横向分量空间灵敏度函数(三维几何因子)表达式.在此基础上,进一步给出径向和纵向微分几何因子计算公式.然后,应用耦合势三维有限体积法确定发射线圈产生的感应电磁场以及环状电流源与径向磁偶极子源电磁场Green函数的数值解.最后,给出不同频率、不同倾角、不同各向异性系数等多种情况下该仪器的空间灵敏度函数与微分几何因子的数值结果,用于分析考查仪器的响应特征与空间探测能力.

我国森林浴的旅游开发利用研究

森林浴是人们在森林环境中进行的一种养生保健活动。文章在简要回顾国内外"森林浴"发展状况的基础上,分析了目前我国森林浴旅游开发中存在的主要问题,并结合著名的广东鼎湖山"品氧谷"森林浴场实例,系统探讨了森林浴的旅游开发利用——森林浴场的规划建设,以促进我国森林浴旅游开发的科学发展。

日本森林保健旅游开发及研究进展

在新兴的森林保健旅游研究领域中,日本以森林浴为突破口进行研究与开发,获得了丰硕的成果,成为世界关注的焦点。本研究通过全面调查和系统整理日本森林浴基地开发建设的详细情况,对日本森林保健旅游的研究与开发成果进行系统分析,总结出了森林浴基地审核标准、森林浴基地建设、森林浴人才培养3个方面的特征和经验。在此基础上,对中国森林保健旅游的研究与开发提出相应的建议。

垂直腔面发射激光器热场特性分析

应用格林函数方法计算了增益波导垂直腔面发射激光器的热传导方程,分析了电流扩展、材料参数和工作条件对温度分布的影响。计算结果表明,电流扩展是影响这种激光器热场特性的主要因素,降低阈值电流是减小温升的有效方法。

轴对称二维位场的变形玻恩迭代反演

本文将变形玻恩迭代方法用于处理轴对称二维非均匀介质分布的电导率反演问题众所周知，横磁场的反演比横电场的反演的非线性程度更高．本文选用了收敛速度快而效果好的变形波恩迭代反演方法．而离散非线性积分方程所得矩阵方程的病态特性用古洪诺夫正则化方法来克服，再用共轭梯度方法求解在每次选代过程中采用了快速的半解析半数值的高效正演方法，本文用它半解析地表达出反演中所需计算的格林函数的偏导数；并在此基础上半解析地求出了反演的非线性积分方程中的积分运算。

径向分层非均匀介质中的三维静场格林函数

对于轴对称任意径向分层的完全非均匀介质，建立了求解静场问题数值模格林函数的理论及高效计算方法；导出了各媒质区域中统一的位场公式，给出了规范完整的格林函数表达。所采用的高效计算技术，使得高精度和高效率达到了统一。全部问题的求解均归结为关于矩阵的代数运算，无需任何数值积分。

声全息重构卷积计算中混迭问题的研究

分析了实空间离散格林函数的特点和平面声全息重构卷积计算的特殊性 ,推导了在重构条件下二维循环卷积与重构卷积的关系。理论上证明了在全息重构中将二维全息声压序列补零使其成为原序列长度的两倍 ,而二维格林函数序列无需进行补零处理仍可由二维离散傅氏变换准确地得到全息重构卷积结果 ,而不会产生循环卷积中的混迭现象 ,即不存在所谓的重构“卷绕”误差。同时还证明了实空间格林函数的取值不确定性不会影响重构结果 ,并通过仿真算例进行了验证。

含界面刚性线夹杂与广义压电位错双压电介质的电弹性分析

研究了双压电材料中广义压电位错与分布于界面的刚性共线线夹杂相互作用问题.基于线性压电理论Stroh框架,相应的混合边值问题,可化为常见的Hilbert问题.求解Hilbert问题,得到存在界面刚性线夹杂与位错时,压电体内所有场变量的显式表达.给出了由于界面和刚性线夹杂的存在,作用于广义压电位错上的广义Peach-Koehler镜像力.对均匀压电材料这一特殊情况,给出了数值算例,讨论了位错对刚性线夹杂端部场强度因子的干涉和它们之间的相互作用.结果可作为求解界面刚性线夹杂与微裂纹交互作用问题的Green函数,也可作为边界元方法的核函数.

K空间抽样格林函数在正向重构时的误差分析

在近场声全息重构过程中,当采用K空间抽样格林函数进行大距离正向重构时,会产生极大的误差,而传统的加窗处理不能有效抑制这种误差的产生。文中在分析了误差是K空间抽样格林函数幅值突变而产生的频谱泄露和边缘吉布斯效应的基础上,提出了有针对性的改变窗函数的截止波数,使格林函数幅值突变部位得到有效平滑,进而抑制这种误差产生的方法。仿真结果表明,经改进的窗函数能够对K空间抽样格林函数大距离正向重构时的误差起到明显的抑制作用,使此条件下的全息重构具有更加良好的效果。

用本征函数求静电场格林函数

本文通过举例说明 ,如何用拉普拉斯算符本征函数求真空中静电场格林函数 ,并直接证明 ,所得结果与其他方法一致 .

二维电法测井静电响应

采用纵向数值模式匹配法，得出了轴对称任意二维非均匀媒质的二维静场或稳恒场问题的格林函数；建立了高效率和高精度的数值计算方法。对于各介质区域给出了完整统一的位场公式。应用所建立的理论和高效算法，求解任意的分块非均匀二维问题，无需任何数值积分，全部运算皆为特别宜于计算机编程和模拟的纯矩阵代数运算。在电法测井应用中，得到一条响应剖面的计算效率比二维有限元法提高两个数量级以上。

界面脱胶衬砌对出平面波的远场动应力响应

采用Green和复变函数法对含有界面半圆形脱胶圆衬砌全空间在承受出平面动力时远场响应进行求解。沿界面将整个空间分成含有半圆形凹陷的上半空间和含有半圆形凸起的圆柱形弹性衬砌的下半空间两部分,分别给出在各自水平界面任意一点加载一出平面且与时间谐和的线源波动时上下半空间位移场,即Green函数。利用脱胶边界应力自由的边界条件形成脱结构,求出出平面波任意角度入射时整个空间应力场和位移场,同时给出了散射波远场位移模式和散射截面的解答。实例分析了不同材料组合而成的界面脱胶圆衬砌的SH波散射远场特性。