Green's function of multi-layered poroelastic half-space for models of ground vibration due to railway traffic

This study proposes a Green＇s function, an essential representation of water-saturated ground under moving excitation, to simulate ground borne vibration from trains. First, general solutions to the governing equations of poroelastic medium are derived by means of integral transform. Secondly, the transmission and reflection matrix approach is used to formulate the relationship between displacement and stress of the stratified ground, which results in the matrix of the Green＇s function. Then the Green＇s function is combined into a train-track-ground model, and is verified by typical examples and a field test. Additional simulations show that the computed ground vibration attenuates faster in the immediate vicinity of the track than in the surrounding area. The wavelength of wheel-rail unevenness has a notable effect on computed displacement and pore pressure. The variation of vibration intensity with the depth of ground is significantly influenced by the layering of the strata soil. When the train speed is equal to the velocity of the Rayleigh wave, the Mach cone appears in the simulated wave field. The proposed Green＇s function is an appropriate representation for a layered ground with shallow ground water table, and will be helpful to understand the dynamic responses of the ground to complicated moving excitation.

HALF-SPACE GREENS'S FUNCTION DUE TO A SPATIALLY HARMONIC LINE LOAD AND SCATTERED FIELDS IN THE FAR FIELD REGION

Half-space Green's function due to a spatially harmonic line load has been expressed as a sum of the full-space Green's functions and a 2-D integral representation of the reflected waves by the free surface of the half-space.By using the obtained half-space Green's function,an integral rep- resentation of the scattered waves by a cylindrical obstacle is then derived.Finally,by analyzing the far-zone behavior of the integrands of the integral representation.the far-field pattern of the scattered waves in a half-space obtained.

Solution of a Green's function for a saturated porous medium in a half-space subjected to a torsional force

Based on the solutions of the Green＇s function for a saturated porous medium obtained by the authors, and using transformation of axisymmetric coordinates, Sommerfeld integrals and superposition of the influence field on a free surface, the authors have obtained displacement solutions of a saturated porous medium subjected to a torsional force in a half-space. The relationship curves of the displacement solutions and various parameters （permeability, frequency, etc.） under action of a unit of torque are also given in this paper. The results are consistent with previous Reissner＇s solutions, where a two-phase medium decays to a single-phase medium. The solution is useful in solving relevant dynamic problems of a two- phase saturated medium in engineering.

An integrated approach to evaluation on ecological service functions for urban green space and its application

This methodological investigation deals with measurement and valuation of ecological service functions for urban green space. Social, economic and ecological dimensions for such types of function were analyzed and a concept “integrated ecological service functions” (IESF) was put forward for evaluation. Based upon this conceptual approach, an index system for measuring IESF for urban green space was established. With a methodological integration of fuzzy mathematics, decision making analysis and Delphi method, an AHP fuzzy evaluation techniques for IESF for urban green space, called AFIFUG method, was developed. Such a method has been directly applied to the land use strategic planning of Tianjin out ring green belt(TOGB), and its analysis results have been successfully put into operation.

In-plane dynamic Green's functions for inclined and uniformly distributed loads in a multi-layered transversely isotropic half-space

The dynamic stiffness method combined with the Fourier transform is utilized to derive the in-plane Green’s functions for inclined and uniformly distributed loads in a multi-layered transversely isotropic（TI）half-space.The loaded layer is fixed to obtain solutions restricted in it and the corresponding reactions forces,which are then applied to the total system with the opposite sign.By adding solutions restricted in the loaded layer to solutions from the reaction forces,the global solutions in the wavenumber domain are obtained,and the dynamic Green’s functions in the space domain are recovered by the inverse Fourier transform.The presented formulations can be reduced to the isotropic case developed by Wolf（1985）,and are further verified by comparisons with existing solutions in a uniform isotropic as well as a layered TI halfspace subjected to horizontally distributed loads which are special cases of the more general problem addressed.The deduced Green’s functions,in conjunction with boundary element methods,will lead to significant advances in the investigation of a variety of wave scattering,wave radiation and soil-structure interaction problems in a layered TI site.Selected numerical results are given to investigate the influence of material anisotropy,frequency of excitation,inclination angle and layered on the responses of displacement and stress,and some conclusions are drawn.

ELECTRO-ELASTIC GREEN'S FUNCTIONS FOR APIEZOELECTRIC HALF-SPACE ANDTHEIR APPLICATION

In this paper, as is studied are the electro-elastic solutions for a piezoelectric halfspace subjected Io a line force, a line charge and a line dislocation, i. e.. Green sfunclions on the basis of Stroh formalism and the concept of analytical continuation,explicit expressions for Green's functions are derived. As a direct application of theresults obtained, an infinite piezoelectric solid containing a semi-infinite crack isexammed. Attention iffocused on the stress and electric displacement fields of a cracktip. The stress and electric displacement intensity .factors are given explicitly.

A New Formula to Obtain Exact Green＇s Functions of Time-Dependent SchrōdingerEquation

We obtain a new relation between Green's functions of the time-dependent Schrōdinger equation forstationary potentials and Green's functions of the same equation for certain time-dependent potentials. The relationobtained here emerges very easily from a transformation introduced by Ray [J.R. Ray, Phys. Rev. A26 (1982) 729] andgeneralizes former work of Dodonov et al. [V.V. Dodonov, V.I. Man'ko, and D.E. Nikonov, Phys. Lett. A162 (1992)359.]

POTENTIAL SPACE ESTIMATES IN LOCAL HARDY SPACES FOR GREEN POTENTIALS IN CONVEX DOMAINS

Let Ω be a bounded convex domain in Rn(n≥3) and G(x,y) be the Green function of the Laplace operator -△on Ω Let hPT(Ω) = {f∈D'(Ω) : (?)F ∈ hP(Rn), s.t. F|Ω = f}, by the atom characterization of Local Hardy spaces in a bounded Lipschitz domain, the bound of f Ω(?)2(Gf) for every f ∈hPr(Ω) is obtained, where n/(n + 1) <p≤1.

基于时间域半空间Green函数建立的边界积分方程及其在动态破裂模拟中的应用

研究地震断层的自发破裂传播可以为通过震源过程了解地球介质应力状态提供理论基础,有助于理解震源破裂的机理和规律,在震源动力学研究中具有重要的地位.边界积分方程方法是研究地震断层破裂传播问题的常用方法之一,在处理复杂断层系统方面具有优势.本文从半无限空间Green函数的时间域积分形式解出发,推导出离散化的边界积分方程积分核,并将其分别应用到平面断层和弯折断层两种断层模型的动力学破裂过程的模拟中.模拟结果表明,当破裂传播到自由表面处时,会产生反射震相,反射震相与直达震相的耦合效应会导致自由表面处的破裂传播速率明显加快,同时这种耦合效应也可以促进破裂在断层弯折部位的传播.对于断层有一定埋深的情况,自由表面对破裂过程的影响较小,因而自由表面的效应仅在断层直接与地表相交或者断层上沿距离地表很近时需要纳入考虑范围.本文将自由表面的影响加入到断层的自发破裂传播研究中,有助于更真实地了解复杂断层系统中的动力学破裂过程.

Reducing the calculation workload of the Green function for electromagnetic scattering in a Schwarzschild gravitational field

When the finite difference time domain(FDTD) method is used to solve electromagnetic scattering problems in Schwarzschild space-time, the Green functions linking source/observer to every surface element on connection/output boundary must be calculated.When the scatterer is electrically extended, a huge amount of calculation is required due to a large number of surface elements on the connection/output boundary.In this paper, a method for reducing the calculation workload of Green function is proposed.The Taylor approximation is applied for the calculation of Green function.New transport equations are deduced.The numerical results verify the effectiveness of this method.

轨道车辆垂向轮轨力时域识别对比及其机器学习修正

为了尽可能减小轨道车辆垂向轮轨力时域识别中存在的误差,以时域法为基础,开展了基于机器学习修正的轨道车辆垂向轮轨力识别研究.首先建立了车辆动力学仿真模型,获取了车辆在随机轨道激励下以250km/h速度行驶时的轴箱加速度响应和垂向轮轨力.其次,建立了Green函数法、状态空间法这2种时域法对应的动载荷识别模型,对状态空间法的初值误差进行了分析,并引入多项式拟合法修正其趋势项误差,进而对比分析了2种方法的计算精度和计算效率.然后,针对时域法存在的识别误差,提出采用NARX(nonlinear autoregressive models with exogenous inputs)模型对识别误差进行训练和预测,用于消减模型中存在的如响应观测不全与观测噪声等因素造成的影响,进而对时域法识别结果进行修正,提高识别精度.最后,通过一个10自由度轨道车辆垂向动力学模型,对方法的正确性进行了验证.研究结果表明:2种方法对轨道车辆垂向轮轨力均具有较高的识别精度,对于各轮对的识别精度各有优劣;在计算效率方面,状态空间法比Green函数法更优;经NARX模型修正的2种时域法对轨道车辆垂向轮轨力均具有很好的识别效果,识别值与正演值的Pearson相关系数大于0.99,为极强相关.基于NARX模型的机器学习误差修正方法可有效提高时域识别精度,可以为后续轨道车辆轮轨力预测提供参考,具有较强的工程运用价值.

二维线性化Navier-Stokes-Poisson方程解的逐点估计

本文研究了二维空间线性化的等熵可压缩Navier-Stokes-Poisson方程柯西问题.通过把方程组转变成关于单个函数的方程,求解出各个函数,得到方程组的格林函数.利用对格林函数的详细分析,获得了方程组解的逐点估计.结果显示方程组中电流密度以热核的速度衰减,动量密度衰减慢得多,且其L2范数不衰减.

三维无压Euler-Navier-Stokes方程组的格林函数

本文研究三维无压Euler-Navier-Stokes耦合模型解的时空逐点行为,该模型可用于描述两流体运动。首先证明线性化系统的格林函数由惠更斯波、扩散波、Riesz波和包含由无压结构产生的稳态delta波的奇异部分组成,进而当初值具有适当的空间衰减率时得到线性化系统Cauchy问题整体解的时空逐点估计。

半平面压电体的Green函数及其应用

本文研究半平面压电体在线力、电荷和位错作用下的弹性场和电场，即Green函数．基于各向异性弹性力学中的Stroh方法和解析延拓理论，推导了Green函数的封闭形式的解．作为解的应用，分析了含半无限裂纹的无限大压电介质的机电耦合场，给出了应力和电位移强度因子的解析表达式．

直角平面区域内固定圆形刚性夹杂问题的Green函数解

利用复变函数法、多极坐标移动技术研究了直角平面区域内含有固定圆形夹杂时的反平面问题Green函数解.首先构造出不含夹杂的完整直角平面区域内满足边界应力条件的入射位移场;其次,建立直角平面区域内固定圆形夹杂对该入射场产生的满足直角边界应力自由条件的散射波解,并由叠加原理得到介质内的总波场.最后利用夹杂边界处的位移条件确定出散射波解中的未知系数,最终得到问题的Green函数解,还通过算例讨论了夹杂边界处的径向应力和环向应力随不同波数、角度和不同夹杂位置及不同点源位置的变化情况.算例结果表明了该文方法的有效实用性.

公园绿地与城市功能空间耦合协调关系及影响因素分析——以乌鲁木齐市为例

公园绿地和城市功能空间是城市空间的组成部分,研究公园绿地与城市功能空间耦合协调关系及其影响因素,对优化公园绿地合理布局,促进城市功能空间协同发展具有重要意义。以乌鲁木齐市中心城区为研究对象,运用核密度分析、标准差椭圆、耦合协调度模型和地理探测器等方法,在分析公园绿地与城市功能空间分布格局的基础之上,进一步探析二者空间的耦合协调关系及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)公园绿地与城市各功能空间形成了内密外疏、圈层式递减、向西北方向扩展的空间聚集特征。(2)公园绿地与城市各功能空间的分布重心均与城市中心发生了一定程度的偏离。公园绿地、居住空间、交通运输空间、公共服务空间呈西北—东南方向分布。休闲娱乐空间、商业空间呈东北—西南方向分布。(3)公园绿地与城市各功能空间耦合协调的主导类型为中度失调型,耦合协调度呈现出“中部高、东西两侧和南北两翼低”的空间分异特征。其中,人口因素、交通条件是影响公园绿地与城市各功能空间耦合协调度的主要因素,社会经济则是次要因素。

矩形波导的时空域并矢Green函数

本文应用Laplace变换法求出了矩形波导的时空域并矢Green函数。这一方法亦可以用来求解如圆波导、同轴线等柱形波导的时空域并矢Green函数。讨论了矩形波导TE_(10)模细线激励的退化情形,得出与现有结果一致的时空域标量Green函数。

基于使用后评估的复合功能空间绿色改造设计研究——以沈阳建筑大学长廊为例

为合理改善既有校园复合功能空间普遍存在的舒适性差、空间活力低的问题,使用后评估方法为建筑空间的绿色改造设计提供了新的思路和工具。以沈阳建筑大学为例,选取长廊复合功能空间为研究对象。从主观感受层面,运用语义分析法(Semantic Differentia, SD)法与统计学方法,进行数据收集,并计算影响因子的满意度均值与权重;从客观指标层面,通过物理指标监测,获取温湿度、亮度、A声压级等数据,并依据国家规范计算达标率,从而遴选出影响空间感受的3个重要因素:空间感知、物理指标、自然环境,以此进行复合空间的绿色性能改造设计,优化了能源利用效率,提高了空间舒适度。采用调查问卷、诊断式访谈、仿真模拟等方式对改造设计方案进行预评价,论证了改造方案的有效性与合理性。旨在通过“使用-设计”互馈的方式,对高校复合功能空间的高效利用提供参考。

移动线源的Green函数求解及辐射能量分析:高铁地震信号简化建模

在基于人工主动源的勘探地震学中,往往采用固定位置和激发时间的点源数学模型来描述爆炸型震源或可控震源,因此就有了描述单点力源作用下的弹性全空间或半空间中弹性波传播的Green函数,成为了勘探地震学的重要理论基础.而如今,行进中的高速列车(高铁)是一种全新的主动源,其接近匀速的运行速度、确定的长度和荷载使其可以被重复利用.本文将行进中的高铁在数学上简化建模为一个移动线源来进行研究,给出了这一震源作用下的弹性半空间和全空间中Green函数的计算方法,并分别讨论了全空间中远场Green函数的频谱特征和空间辐射能量的方向性特点,以及半空间中Green函数与近场观测数据的对比结果,为高铁震源下的地震波传播规律和振动信号的研究与利用提供帮助.

基于社会-生态功能复合与SPCA的城市绿地生态网络重要源地识别

构建基于社会-生态功能复合的城市生态源地综合评价指标体系,以上海市闵行区城市绿地为对象,运用GIS、RS、Invest及景观连接度模型等方法计算指标,采用SPCA确定指标权重,通过空间加权计算和重分类识别重要源地。结果表明:(1)在424个备选源地中,极重要、重要、一般、不重要和极不重要等级面积占比分别为16.2%、16.1%、25.3%、23.0%和19.4%;(2)共识别极重要、重要源地139个,总面积18.61km^(2),平均面积0.134km^(2),占备选源地总面积的35.6%,占全区总面积的5.0%;(3)区域绿地是重要源地的主体,其次是公园绿地和附属绿地;(4)在规划实践中,可依托区域绿地开展绿林农湿多要素复合,提升源地总体规模和服务功能。研究成果可为上海及长三角其他城市精准识别城市绿地生态网络重要源地提供借鉴。