Physiological Character and Gene Mapping in a New Green-revertible Albino Mutant in Rice

A green-revertible albino mutant-Qiufeng M was found from the japonica rice （Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica） Qiufeng in the field. The first three leaves of the mutant were albino with some green. The leaf color became pale green since the fourth leaf and the glume had the same phenomenon as the first three leaves. The measuring data of the pigment content confirmed the visually observed results. It truly had a remarkable changing process in the leaf color in Qiufeng M. Comparison of the main agronomic characters between Qiufeng and Qiufeng M indicated that the neck length and grain weight showed significant difference at the 1% level, and other characters were not different. Genetic analysis showed that the green-revertible albino trait was controlled by a single recessive nucleic gene. Using 209 recessive mutant individuals in the F2 population derived from the cross Pei＇ai 64S × Qiufeng M, a gene, tentatively named gra（t）, was located between the SSR markers of RM475 and RM2-22 on the long arm of chromosome 2. The genetic distance were 17.3 cM and 2.9 cM respectively.

Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of a green-revertible albino gene gra(t) in rice

Green-revertible albino is a novel type of chlorophyll deficiency in rice （Oryza sativa L.）, which is helpful for further research in chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development to illuminate their molecular mechanism. In the previous study, we had reported a single recessive gene, gra（t）, controlling this trait on the long arm of chromosome 2. In this paper, we mapped the gra（t） gene using 1,936 recessive individuals with albino phenotype in the F2 population derived from the cross between themo-photoperiod-sensitive genic male-sterile （T/PGMS） line Pei＇ai 64S and the spontaneous mutant Qiufeng M. Eventually, it was located to a confined region of 42.4 kb flanked by two microsatellite markers RM2-97 and RM13553. Based on the annotation results of RiceGAAS system, 11 open reading frames （ORFs） were predicted in this region. Among them, ORF6 was the most possible gene related to chloroplast development, which encoded the chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor Tu in rice. Therefore, we designated it as the candidate gene of gra（t）. Sequence analysis indicated that only one base substitution C to T occurred in the coding region, which caused a missense mutation （Thr to Ile） in gra（t） mutant. These results are very valuable for further study on gra（t） gene.

Deletion of a Dna K protein gene causes seedling green-revertible albino by retarding chloroplast development in rice

Green-revertible albino mutants are important sources for studying chloroplast structure, chloroplast development, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and plant photo- synthesis. In the present study, we characterized a green- revertible albino mutant gra（k）, which was obtained from the tissue-cultured rice Kitaake. The mutant gra（k） exhib- ited albino on its first three leaves. The leaf color started to turn green at the four-leaf stage. The chlorophyll contents were deeply reduced at the seedling stage, and the chloroplast development was delayed in gra（k）. The green- revertible albino （gra） phenotype of the mutant gra（k） was temperature dependent. The main agronomic traits, including plant height, tilling number per plant, seed set- ting rate, and thousand-grain weight, slightly decreased in gra（k） comparing to those in the wild-type Kitaake. Genetic analysis showed that the gra phenotype was con- trolled by a single recessive nucleic gene. By using 5,168 recessive F2 individuals derived from the cross of gra（k） × Jodan, the locus of the gene Gra（k） was delimited in a DNA region of 200 kb between the makers B-31 and P11 on chromosome 5. Sequencing analysis indicated that the three functionally annotated genes, LOC_Os05g23700, LOC_Os05g23720, and LOC_Os05g23740, were all deleted in the 200 kb region in the mutant gra（k）. Trans- genic test revealed that the gra（k） plants over-expressing LOC_Os05g23740CDS were restored to normal green as the wild-type Kitaake. Our results proved that the deletion of the DnaK protein gene LOC_Os05g23740 （encoding the chaperon protein OsHsp70CP1） led to the gra phenotype in the mutant gra（k）.

Long-Term Impact of Acute Retinoic Acid Supplementation at the Young Age on Testicular Architecture of Wistar Albino Rats

Introduction: Inappropriate and excess vitamin supplementation, particularly for vitamin A, is increasingly recognized as a public health problem in developed countries. On the other hand, blind supplementation of vitamin A, for children in developing countries is a subject of controversy in the literature. The crucial role of vitamin A in the process of spermatogenesis in adult rodents is well established, but only a few publications are consecrated to the long-term effect of vitamin A intake at a young age on testicular development and differentiation. Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of acute supplementation at an early age, in the post-natal period, on spermatogenesis and testicular trophicity at adult age. Material and Methods: Young Wistar Albinos rats of 22 days received an acute high dose of supplementation of vitamin A (retinyl palmitate). The control group, group 1, received only extra virgin olive oil, Group 2 a dose of 7000 IU/kg of retinyl palmitate, group 3, 14,000 IU/kg, and Group 4 a dose of 28,000 IU/kg. At 10 weeks of age, the testes’ testosterone levels were measured by ELISA. For histological assessment, sections were stained with Hematoxylin eosin, and the Johnsen score was used to evaluate spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules. Results: The average testicular weights of rats were significantly lower in group 4 (p < 0.05), and so was the testosterone level in the testis compared to the control group (p .01). Most of the seminiferous tubules were concerned by an arrest of spermatogenesis and the Johnsen score was decreased with a mean score of 5.96 ± 1.60 (p .001) in that Group. In Group 3, Johnsen’s score was significantly better than the one obtained with the control. Conclusion: We observed a negative effect in the long term with a high acute dose of supplementation of retinyl palmitate at a young age, on testicular development and differentiation. Despite a return to normal diet after that supplementation, during childhood, impaired spermatogenesis was identified at the adult age with an arrest of spermatogenesis. The reversibility of that lack of differentiation by a return to a normal diet is questionable and would need more investigation.

Refractive State and Macular Abnormalities at Oct in Albino at Chu Iota

Introduction: A rare genetic disease, albinism is globally characterized by specific deficits of the visual system associated with a variable hypopigmentation phenotype depending on the disruption of melanin production [1]. It is linked to a hereditary defect in the biosynthesis of melanin. Disease results in a generalized decrease in the pigmentation of the appendages, skin and eyes [2]. The aim of this study is to determine the different refractive errors and the different macular anomalies during the OCT examination in oculocutaneous albinism at the CHU-IOTA. Patients and Method: We conducted a prospective study in patients over 10 years of age with oculocutaneous or ocular albinism who consulted at the CHU-IOTA between July 1, 2020, and September 30, 2021. Results: Over the period, 105 cases of oculocutaneous albinism were collected out of a total of 42,024 consultations, which corresponds to a frequency of 0.2%. The average age was 26.2 years, (11 years to 48 years). The sex ratio was 1.6. Astigmatism was the most found refractive error in 50.48% of cases, followed by myopia in 29.52% of cases and farsightedness in 20% of cases. The macular thickness between 251 - 350 was the most commonly found in both eyes, i.e. 47.25% on the right and 53.55% on the left. The bulging macula was the most frequent pathology on the OCT at the level of the two eyes, i.e. 41.42% on the right and 50.6% on the left. Conclusion: Following the visual impairments linked to albinism, early optical care and access to OCT are necessary. Thus the accompaniment of a subject with albinism and associations of albinism must be global and meet specific needs, in order to prevent or avoid ocular complications.

Histopathological Evaluation of the Cardiotoxicity of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine on Male Albino Rats

Problem Statement: Malaria’s global impact necessitates effective treatments, like dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA/PQP), though safety concerns, notably drug-induced cardiotoxicity (DICT), persist. A knowledge gap exists regarding DHA/PQP’s cardiac effects, warranting a comprehensive investigation. Approach: This study aimed to assess KROSH (DHA/PQP) impact on albino rat heart histology, examining structural changes and potential cardiotoxicity. 40 albino rats were grouped by KROSH dosage and duration, monitored for weight changes, and heart tissues were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining. Statistical analysis compared to control and treated groups. Results: KROSH administration led to varying rat weight effects, yet not statistically significant. Histological analysis revealed dose and duration-dependent cardiac tissue alterations, including distortion, adipose deposits, artery hypertrophy, fibrosis, and necrosis. These contrasts with prior research documenting DHA/PQP’s non-toxic effects. Conclusion/Recommendation: This study highlights potential KROSH (DHA/PQP) cardiotoxicity concerns through histological changes, underscoring the need for further research into underlying mechanisms and human health implications. Given DHA/PQP’s wide use, these findings should inform safety evaluations and administration practices.

Impact of Selected Processing Methods of High-Level Cyanide in Cassava on Optic Neuropathy in Wistar Albino Rats—An Experimental Study

Background: Cassava tuber crop is a staple food rich in carbohydrates and utilized in various forms by millions of Nigerians. The storage root of the cassava contains linamarin, a cyanogenic glycoside that is easily hydrolyzed to release cyanide salt compounds which is toxic to the nervous system especially the optic nerve, sometimes leading to optic neuropathy and visual impairment. Aim: The aim of this study is to find out the impact of selected processing methods of high-level cyanide in cassava on optic neuropathy in Wistar albino rats. Methodology: Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were fed with different concentration and duration of predetermined high-cyanide content cassava root cultivar which was processed using different processing methods adopted by various communities in Rivers State, Nigeria (for human consumption). A control group of 3 Wistar albino rats was fed with normal “Growth Mesh” meals. The pre and post weights of the animals and the fundoscopic optic nerve status of the rats were evaluated after 30 and 60 days. SPSS Version 25 was employed for descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The Cassava species available in Rivers State have high cyanide content (2336.79 mg CN-/kg dry weight of cassava). There was statistically significant reduction in the cyanide content (p = 0.000) depending on the various common processing methods (into garri for human consumption): 24 hours, 48 hours, fermentation;with and without red palm oil additive. The individual weights as well as the mean weight of the 24 rats in the experimental group increased gradually from the first week to the 9th week with a slight weight reduction on the third and fourth weeks which was not statistically significant (p = 0.092). However, there was a steady increase in the weights of the animals in the control group throughout the 9 weeks. Varying degrees of optic neuropathy occurred, worse with the rats that had 24-hour fermented cassava twice daily for 60 days. The intra and inter group differences in the optic disc changes was statistically significant (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Longer duration of processing cassava roots into garri for human consumption reduces its cyanide content and minimizes the adverse impact on the optic nerve.

茶树新品系‘福黄1号’白茶的特征香气成分及其在加工过程中的动态变化

为了研究高氨基酸白化突变新品系‘福黄1号’白茶的特征香气成分及其在加工过程中的动态变化,以‘福黄1号’为材料,变异来源‘福安大白茶’为对照,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术对萎凋0、12、24、36、48 h和成品茶样品的香气成分及其相对含量进行鉴定与分析。结果表明:实验样品共鉴定出560种挥发性代谢物,其中萜类、杂环化合物、酯类、烃类等是以‘福黄1号’和‘福安大白茶’为鲜叶原料制成白茶的主要呈香物质。萎凋过程中,两个品种白茶的挥发性代谢物总含量逐渐上升,在萎凋48 h的时候达到最大值。相对气味活度值分析结果表明,萜品油烯、柠檬醛、1-辛烯-3-酮、大马士酮是‘福黄1号’和‘福安大白茶’的关键香气成分,水杨酸甲酯和苯甲醛是‘福黄1号’白茶的关键香气成分。1-辛烯-3-酮和柠檬醛在萎凋前期大量累积而后减少,萜品油烯、苯甲醛、水杨酸甲酯和大马士酮在萎凋过程中持续累积。萜品油烯、柠檬醛、1-辛烯-3-酮、大马士酮对‘福黄1号’和‘福安大白茶’形成花果香和甜香具有重要作用。1-辛烯-3-酮、水杨酸甲酯和苯甲醛是‘福黄1号’白茶清鲜香气形成的关键原因。本研究有助于全面了解新品系‘福黄1号’制成白茶的香气特征,为以白化茶树品种为原料制成的特色白茶产品研发提供科学依据。

水稻白化转绿突变体wrg20的鉴定与基因克隆

为探讨水稻叶绿体发育的分子机制,通过对粳稻日本晴进行甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变,获得一个稳定遗传的叶色白化突变体wrg20(white turn green 20),并对其进行表型鉴定、基因定位和功能分析。与野生型(WT)相比,该突变体于30℃培养时在三叶期之前完全白化,26℃时突变体白化叶片部分返绿。遗传分析结果表明,该突变性状受单隐性核基因控制。将该突变体与籼稻93-11杂交,构建F2分离群体并进行基因定位,将该基因定位于2号染色体198 kb区间内,通过测序发现LOC_Os02g33610存在由G至A单碱基替换,导致编码的天冬氨酸转化为天冬酰胺,表明该基因可能为OsWRG20的候选基因,与先前所报道的调控叶绿体发育的基因GRY79为等位基因。对该基因进行结构和功能分析,表明OsWRG20可能是调控水稻苗期幼叶生长发育的重要基因。与野生型相比,突变体的叶绿体基因内含子剪接效率降低,由此推断OsWRG20可能通过调控叶绿体RNA的剪接,参与调控水稻苗期叶绿体的发育。本研究结果为苗期水稻叶绿体发育研究提供了新的理论基础。

黄化茶加工碾茶与抹茶品质初探

黄化茶鲜叶氨基酸含量高而茶多酚含量低。为发挥品种优势、拓展品种的应用范围,采用遮阴处理研究以“中黄3号”为代表的茶树鲜叶制作碾茶和抹茶的品质变化。结果表明,经遮阴处理后,黄化茶碾茶和抹茶在色泽、感官和理化品质方面都有一定程度提升。外观体现为遮阴组色泽更绿;理化方面,遮阴碾茶较未遮阴碾茶茶多酚含量降低16.5%,游离氨基酸含量提高27.5%,茶氨酸含量提高28.4%,叶绿素总量提高63.2%,天冬氨酸和谷氨酸也各有52.1%和31.8%的提升。黄化茶春季遮阴碾茶和抹茶品质相比,秋季遮阴碾茶和抹茶更优、色泽更绿。春季遮阴碾茶茶多酚含量和酚氨比明显低于秋季遮阴碾茶,分别低26.2%和56.1%;游离氨基酸和茶氨酸含量则明显高于秋季遮阴碾茶,分别高出68.6%和55.7%。遮阴与未遮阴组黄化茶加工的抹茶茶氨酸含量均符合并高于《GB/T 34778—2017》中抹茶的一级标准(≥1.0%),粒度D60也符合规定范围。

Origin of the presence/absence variation of the LTIA1/LTIA2 mini-ribonucleaseⅢgenes required for low-temperature growth in rice

A rice low temperature-induced albino variant was determined by the recessive ltia1 and ltia2 genes.LTIA1 and LTIA2 encode highly conserved mini-ribonucleasesⅢlocated in chloroplasts and expressed in aerial parts of the plant.At low temperature,LTIA1 and LTIA2 redundantly affect chlorophyll levels,non-photochemical quenching,photosynthetic quantum yield of PSⅡand seedling growth.LTIA1 and LTIA2 proteins are involved in splicing of atp F and the biogenesis of 16S and 23S rRNA in chloroplasts.Presence/absence variation of LTIA1,the ancestral copy,was found only in japonica but that of LTIA2 in all rice subgroups.Accessions with LTIA2 presence tended to be distributed more remote from the equator compared to those with LTIA2 absence.LTIA2 duplicated from LTIA1 at the early stage of divergence of the AA genome Oryza species but deleted againin O.nivara.In cultivated rice,absence of LTIA2 is derived from O.nivara.LTIA1 absence occurred more recently in japonica.

大麦稃壳白化突变性状的遗传解析

大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)稃壳是在小穗上包裹种子的花器官,包括内稃和外稃。大麦稃壳具有光合作用能力,为籽粒发育提供部分营养物质。通过EMS诱变获得的大麦稃壳白化突变体,其稃壳明显呈白色,叶枕、茎节和茎基部均呈白化变异,但叶片和芒均为绿色。本研究对稃壳白化突变性状进行鉴定和遗传分析,发现该突变性状由单个隐性基因控制;通过候选基因测序及竞争性等位基因特异性PCR(KASP)共分离检测,证实该白化突变是由基因HvGLK2的功能缺失所致;并在HvGLK2基因上鉴定到3个独立突变事件,均与已发表的大麦alm1和ebu-a等白化变异不同。HvGLK2基因编码一个Golden 2-like(GLK)转录因子,为MYB基因家族GARP亚家族成员,在多数的单、双子叶植物中均存在另一个同源基因GLK1。通过公共数据库检索HvGLK2基因的表达谱数据,发现HvGLK2在大麦衰老叶片、外稃及穗轴中高丰度表达。本研究明确了HvGLK2基因对大麦稃壳和茎节等组织叶绿素合成的关键作用,相关的稃壳白化突变体为稃壳光合作用对产量形成的机制研究提供了理想材料。

基于代谢组学分析低温烘焙对白化品种绿茶风味品质的影响

为探究烘焙提香对白化品种绿茶风味品质的影响,本研究以‘白叶1号’绿茶为材料,设置不同时间烘焙处理(60℃,0、40、80、120 min),通过超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电轨道阱质谱仪(UHPLC-Q-Exactive/MS)、气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)检测分析了不同处理下白叶1号绿茶代谢物的动态变化。结果显示,60℃烘焙40 min有利于白叶1号绿茶品质的提升,随着烘焙时间增加,茶汤浓度和香气强度下降,涩味凸显。总游离氨基酸和咖啡碱含量随着烘焙时间增加呈上升趋势(P<0.05);儿茶素组分除GC、C、GCG以外,其余组分含量均随烘焙时间增加而先升后降。UHPLC-Q-Exactive/MS共鉴定出61个类黄酮化合物,其中38个具有组间显著性差异(P<0.05)。利用偏最小二乘判别分析筛选出7个组间差异的关键化合物,包含5个黄酮醇苷、木麻黄素以及原花青素B4,这些物质在烘焙80 min和120 min后明显下降。挥发性成分分析显示,随着烘焙时间增加,挥发性成分总量呈上升趋势。二甲基硫、2-甲基丁醛、3-甲基丁醛、庚醛、2-己烯醛、正壬醛、苯甲醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、芳樟醇、芳樟醇氧化物Ⅱ、香叶醇、β-紫罗兰酮、雪松醇是影响白叶1号绿茶的关键香气成分(ROAV>100)。香气特征贡献度(Aroma character impact value,ACI)分析显示,烘焙40 min茶样中复杂气味总ACI最低,愉悦香气总ACI最高,而烘焙120 min茶样则相反。本研究结果为白化品种绿茶加工中烘焙提香的应用提供了理论依据。

不同造型白化绿茶滋味化学成分及感官品质分析

【目的】分析不同造型白化绿茶滋味化学成分及感官品质的差异,为开发白化茶树品种产品制定适宜的工艺流程提供参考依据。【方法】以白化茶树品种白叶1号鲜叶为原料,采用瓶式炒干机、双锅曲毫机和理条机3种设备分别制成卷曲形、颗粒形和松针形白化绿茶,运用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)等方法检测茶叶常规品质成分、氨基酸组分和儿茶素组分,采用主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)和层次聚类分析(HCA)筛选关键特征品质成分,通过感官审评方法评价茶叶品质并分析其与特征成分的相关性。【结果】颗粒形白化绿茶茶多酚含量17.69%、酚氨比2.70,显著低于松针形和卷曲形(P<0.05,下同),鲜甜味氨基酸总量23.16 mg/g、茶氨酸含量18.14 mg/g、谷氨酸含量1.26 mg/g、天冬氨酸含量1.74 mg/g、丙氨酸含量0.13 mg/g、苏氨酸含量0.33 mg/g、缬氨酸含量0.26 mg/g,均显著高于松针形,同时鲜甜味氨基酸占比最大(84.74%)、苦味氨基酸占比最小(11.23%)。多元统计分析表明,不同造型白化绿茶差异品质成分主要有茶氨酸、谷氨酸、苏氨酸和甘氨酸4个鲜甜味氨基酸,异亮氨酸、酪氨酸、组氨酸、赖氨酸和精氨酸5个苦味氨基酸,甜略带苦味的脯氨酸和滋味未知的半胱氨酸,儿茶素没食子酸酯(CG)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)和茶多酚3个酚类物质以及游离氨基酸和酚氨比;颗粒形白化绿茶的游离氨基酸总量及CG、茶氨酸、谷氨酸、苏氨酸、组氨酸和异亮氨酸含量明显高于松针形和卷曲形。感官审评总分以颗粒形(92.83分)和松针形(92.34分)显著高于卷曲形(84.43分),滋味因子得分以颗粒形(28.15分)最高、松针形(27.65分)次之,外形、汤色和香气因子得分均以颗粒形和松针形显著高于卷曲形,叶底因子得分以松针形(9.23分)最高。滋味因子与半胱氨酸、ECG、CG呈显著正相关,与精氨酸、酪氨酸、赖氨酸和脯氨酸呈极显著(P<0.01)或显著负相关。【结论】颗粒形白化绿茶鲜甜味氨基酸占比大,茶多酚含量和酚氨比较低,酯型儿茶素总量适中,在3种造型中滋味品质和综合品质最佳;松针形白化绿茶酯型儿茶素总量最高,苦味氨基酸总量最低,叶底得分最高,滋味得分次高,感官综合品质优于卷曲形。

不同采摘期白化茶的品质分析

茶叶的采摘期与成茶品质密切相关,以不同采摘期的白叶1号鲜叶为原料,在同一加工工艺下制成绿茶,进行茶多酚、儿茶素类物质等品质成分的分析。结果表明:随采摘期的延后白化茶的茶多酚、游离氨基酸和黄酮类物质含量呈现先上升后降低的趋势,咖啡碱含量呈现升高-降低-升高趋势,可溶性糖含量呈逐渐下降趋势。儿茶素总量在不同采摘期间基本呈显著差异,表现为:4月12日>4月1日>4月17日>4月22日>4月6日。4月6日的白化茶表现出游离氨基酸含量高、茶多酚含量低的特征,其他内含物质较为丰富,所制绿茶品质优良。不同采摘期白化茶的品质成分含量有一定差异,从而影响成茶品质,综合来看以4月6日的鲜叶制作白化茶品质较佳。

Disruption of phytoene desaturase gene results in albino and dwarf phenotypes in Arabidopsis by impairing chlorophyll, carotenoid, and gibberellin biosynthesis

Carotenoids play an important role in many physiological processes in plants and the phytoene desaturase gene （PDS3） encodes one of the important enzymes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Here we report the identification and analysis of a T-DNA insertion mutant of PDS3 gene. Functional complementation confirmed that both the albino and dwarfphenotypes ofthepds3 mutant resulted from functional disruption of the PDS3 gene. Chloroplast development was arrested at the proplastid stage in thepds3 mutant. Further analysis showed that high level ofphytoene was accumulated in the pds3 mutant. Addition of exogenous GA3 could partially rescue the dwarf phenotype, suggesting that the dwarf phenotype ofthepds3 mutant might be due to GA deficiency. Microarray and RT-PCR analysis showed that disrupting PDS3 gene resulted in gene expression changes involved in at least 20 metabolic pathways, including the inhibition of many genes in carotenoid, chlorophyll, and GA biosynthesis pathways. Our data suggest that the accumulated phytoene in the pds3 mutant might play an important role in certain negative feedbacks to affect gene expression of diverse cellular pathways.

Bioassay of Eucalyptus extracts for anticancer activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma(eac) cells in Swiss albino mice

Objective:To evaluate the antineoplastic activity of Eucalyptus extract(EUE) against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma(EAC)in Swiss albino mice.Methods:Preliminary examination of four plant extracts(namely Eucalyptus,Costus,Azadirachla.Feroniai has been done by observing the reduction ability of number of EAC cells in previously inoculated Swiss alliino mice.Among them as EuE showed maximum capability,the whole study has been conducted with EuE only. Important parameters viz.enhancement of life span,reduction of average tumor weight etc.have been studied.In addition the effects of EuE on hematological parameters in both normal and EAC inoculated mice have been measured.Effect of EuE on normal peritoneal cells has also been studied.Results:EuE reduced tumor burden remarkably.It reduced the tumor growth rate and enhanced the life span of EAC bearing mice noticeably.It reversed back the hematological parameters towards normal,reduced the Irasplanlability of EAC cells and enhanced the immunomodulatory effects in mice.The host toxic effect of EuE in mice is minimum and mostly reversible with time.All such data have been compared with those obtained by running parallel experiments with bleomycin at dose 0.3 mg/kg(i.p.).Conclusions:The Eucalyptus extract may be considered as a potent anticancer agent for advanced researches.

Hazardous effects of fried potato chips on the development of retina in albino rats

Objective:To evaluate the hazardous effects of fried potato chips upon the retina of two developmental stages of the albino rats aged 7 and 14 days from parturition.Methods:Pregnant rats were arranged into two groups:control pregnant rats and consequently their delivered newborns until reaching 7 and 14 days old from parturition and fried potato chips group in which pregnant rats at the 6th day of gestation maintained on diet formed of fried potato chips supplied from the market mixed with standard diet at a concentration of 50%per each till 7 and 14 postpartum.Three fold integrated approaches were adopted,namely,histological,ultrastructural and proteomic analysis.Results:Histological examination of the retina of the experimental offsprings revealed many histopathological changes,including massive degeneration,vacuolization and cell loss in the ganglion cell layer,as well as general reduction in retinal size.At the ultrastructural level,the retina of experimental offsprings exhibited number of deformities,including ill differentiated and degenerated nuclear layer,malformed and vacuolated pigment epithelium with vesiculated and fragmented rough endoplasmic reticulum,degenerated outer segment of photoreceptors,as well as swollen choriocapillaris and loss of neuronal cells.Proteomic analysis of retina of the two experimental developmental stages showed variations in the expressed proteins as a result of intoxication which illustrated the adverse toxic effects of fried potato chips upon the retina.Conclusions:It can be concluded that the effect of fried potato chips on the development of retina in rats may be due to the presence of acrylamide or its metabolite.

Comparison of the Quality Characteristics of 4 Albinos Tea

The made tea quality and chemical characteristics of 4 albinos cultivars were investigated. It shows that constitutes of micro-elements, contents of polyphenols and total amino acids in 4 samples are much different due to the biological diversity. The DPPH free radicals scavenging ability of the 4 albinos tea is also different. The free radicals scavenging rate has a significant positive correlation to the content of total polyphenols, total catechins, as well as C, CG, GCG, EGCG, but there is no positive relationship to the content of Zn, Se.

Chronic effect of olive oil on some neurotransmitter contents in different brain regions and physiological, histological structure of liver and kidney of male albino rats

Olive oil is an important source of mono-unsaturated fat and a prime component of the Mediterranean diet. The beneficial health effects of olive oil are due to both its high content of mono-unsaturated fatty acids and its high content of anti-oxidative substances. The objective of this study was to investigate the basis for the epidemiological information relating to the health benefits associated with the consumption of ex-tra-virgin olive oil (EVOO). The effect of olive oil on norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and gamm-aminobutyric acid (GABA) con-tents in different brain regions and histological structure of liver and kindey of male albino rats was studied. The chronic administration of olive oil (7.5 mg/kg body wt.) caused a significant increase in norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) , serotonin (5-HT) and gamm-aminobutyric acid (GABA) con-tent in different brain regions (Cerebellum, striatum, cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, brain steam and hip-pocampus) of male albino rats. The increase in NE, DA, 5-HT, and GABA content in the different CNS areas of male albino rat may be due to the inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin binding which plays an important role in the release of these neurotransmitters. The results, also, revealed that urea and creatinne con-centrations in rats with oral administration with olive oil were decreased. Meanwhile, the activities of the enzymes AsT, AlT and ALP were elevated. The pre-sent results indicated that there is no change in tis-sues of kidney after treated with virgin olive oil. Olive oil may potentially be safe for use as a sedative drug. improvement also led to the reductions in risk of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.