Efflux Estimate of Greenhouse Effect Gases in Three Different Forest Formations and the Influence of Soil

In carbon global cycle, the relationship between the terrestrial ecosystem and the atmosphere where there are, among others, gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect, has become object of relevant scientific interest. The content of organic matter in soil, expressed by its supplies as well as the organic matter degree of stability, are factors that can prevent the soil from acting as a drain and at the same time contribute for it to become a source of those gases. The variations in the way land is used in Brazil are factors responsible for the increase in emission of greenhouse effect gases. Based on these facts, this study was aimed to evaluate the CO2 and CH4 efflux using a gas retention chamber, and to associate these emissions to the organic carbon content in the soil. Two different areas were selected for the study, one in Tijuca Forest National Park, in a forest area, and the other at the Rio de Janeiro Federal Rural University campus. In the latter, the area was stratified in three sub areas according to the vegetation, use and water saturation degree. Samplings were performed during 8 months between 2013 and 2014.

Remarkable carbon dioxide catalytic capture (CDCC) leading to solid-form carbon material via a new CVD integrated process (CVD-IP): An alternative route for CO_2 sequestration

Through our newly-developed ＂chemical vapor deposition integrated process （ISVD-IP）＇＂ using carbon OlOXlae （t..u2） as me raw matenal and only carbon source introduced, CO2 could be catalytically activated and converted to a new solid-form product, i.e., carbon nanotubes （CO2-derived） at a quite high yield （the single-pass carbon yield in the solid-form carbon-product produced from CO2 catalytic capture and conversion was more than 30% at a single-pass carbon-base）. For comparison, when only pure carbon dioxide was introduced using the conventional CVD method without integrated process, no solid-form carbon-material product could be formed. In the addition of saturated steam at room temperature in the feed for CVD, there were much more end-opening carbon nano-tubes produced, at a slightly higher carbon yield. These inspiring works opened a remarkable and alternative new approach for carbon dioxide catalytic capture to solid-form product, comparing with that of CO2 sequestration （CCS） or CO2 mineralization （solidification）, etc. As a result, there was much less body volume and almost no greenhouse effect for this solid-form carbon-material than those of primitive carbon dioxide.

Global Warming and Its Multiple Causes

The global warming which preoccupies humanity,is still considered to be linked to a single cause which is the emission of greenhouse gases,CO2 in particular.In this article,we try to show that,on the one hand,the greenhouse effect(the radiative imprisonment to use the scientific term)took place in conjunction with the infrared radiation emitted by the earth.The surplus of CO2 due to the combustion of fossil fuels,but also the surplus of infrared emissions from artificialized soils contribute together or each separately,to the imbalance of the natural greenhouse effect and the trend of global warming.In addition,another actor acting directly and instantaneously on the warming of the ambient air is the heat released by fossil fuels estimated at 17415.1010 kWh/year inducing a rise in temperature of 0.122°C,or 12.2°C/century.