In 2003, a 61-year old highly respected director of the Surgery Department of Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine was diagnosed as advanced lung cancer, moderately differentiated ade...In 2003, a 61-year old highly respected director of the Surgery Department of Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine was diagnosed as advanced lung cancer, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, coverinqmore than two thirds of the thoracic aorta, multiple mediastinal nodal metastases, pleural effusion ＂Only 3 months could be expected＂, a cruel fact came out after deliberation of many seasoned medical specialists. In the whole career of this surgery professor, he used the lancet as his weapon to save lives. But this time after weighing the pros and cons again and again, he required a ＂tender＂ plan with no lancet.展开更多
Since 2014, China has been implementing the Sponge City Construction initiative, which represents an enormous and unprecedented effort by any government in the world for achieving urban sustainability. According to pr...Since 2014, China has been implementing the Sponge City Construction initiative, which represents an enormous and unprecedented effort by any government in the world for achieving urban sustainability. According to preliminary estimates, the total investment on the Sponge City Plan is roughly 100 to 150 million Yuan （RMB） （$15 to $22.5 million） average per square kilometer or 10 Trillion Yuan （RMB） （$1.5 Trillion） for the 657 cities nationwide. The Sponge City Plan （SCP） calls for the use of natural processes such as soil and vegetation as part of the urban runoff control strategy, which is similar to that of low impact development （LID） and green infrastructure （G1） practices being promoted in many parts of the world. The SCP includes as its goals not only effective urban flood control, but also rainwater harvest, water quality improvement and ecological restoration. So far, the SCP implementation has encountered-some barriers and challenges due to many factors. The present paper presents a review of those barriers and challenges, oftizrs discussions and recommendations on several technical aspects such as control goals and objectives; planning/design and construction of LID/GI practices; performance evaluation. Several key recommendations are proposed on Sponge City implementation strategy, Site-specific regulatory fi＇amework and technical gmdance, Product innovation and certification, LID/GI Project financing, LID/G1 profcssional training and certification, public outreach and education. It is expected that the successful implemen!atiun of the. SCP not only will bring about a sustainable, eco-friendly urbanization process in China, but also contribute enormously to the LID/Gl research and development with the vast amount of relevant data and experiences generated from the Sponge City construction projects.展开更多
基金Supported by the 2018 Capital Health Development Research Key ProjectBeijing Municipal Commission of Health and Fanmily Planning(No.2018-1-4201)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81403250)
文摘In 2003, a 61-year old highly respected director of the Surgery Department of Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine was diagnosed as advanced lung cancer, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, coverinqmore than two thirds of the thoracic aorta, multiple mediastinal nodal metastases, pleural effusion ＂Only 3 months could be expected＂, a cruel fact came out after deliberation of many seasoned medical specialists. In the whole career of this surgery professor, he used the lancet as his weapon to save lives. But this time after weighing the pros and cons again and again, he required a ＂tender＂ plan with no lancet.
基金We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Beijing Natural Science Foundation Project （No. 8161003）, Natural Science Foundation Project （No. 51278267）, and the National Water Pollution Control Special Project （No. 2011ZX07301-003）. Several points and the contents in the manuscript are discussed with many experts during 2016 International Low Impact Conference in Beijing.
文摘Since 2014, China has been implementing the Sponge City Construction initiative, which represents an enormous and unprecedented effort by any government in the world for achieving urban sustainability. According to preliminary estimates, the total investment on the Sponge City Plan is roughly 100 to 150 million Yuan （RMB） （$15 to $22.5 million） average per square kilometer or 10 Trillion Yuan （RMB） （$1.5 Trillion） for the 657 cities nationwide. The Sponge City Plan （SCP） calls for the use of natural processes such as soil and vegetation as part of the urban runoff control strategy, which is similar to that of low impact development （LID） and green infrastructure （G1） practices being promoted in many parts of the world. The SCP includes as its goals not only effective urban flood control, but also rainwater harvest, water quality improvement and ecological restoration. So far, the SCP implementation has encountered-some barriers and challenges due to many factors. The present paper presents a review of those barriers and challenges, oftizrs discussions and recommendations on several technical aspects such as control goals and objectives; planning/design and construction of LID/GI practices; performance evaluation. Several key recommendations are proposed on Sponge City implementation strategy, Site-specific regulatory fi＇amework and technical gmdance, Product innovation and certification, LID/GI Project financing, LID/G1 profcssional training and certification, public outreach and education. It is expected that the successful implemen!atiun of the. SCP not only will bring about a sustainable, eco-friendly urbanization process in China, but also contribute enormously to the LID/Gl research and development with the vast amount of relevant data and experiences generated from the Sponge City construction projects.
