Establishment of extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia model in rat

Objective:To establish extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(XDR-PA)infection-induced pneumonia model in rats.Methods:Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,low bacterial group,medium bacterial group,and high bacterial group.The low,medium and high bacterial groups were given intratracheal instillation of 0.1 mL of bacterial suspension(bacterial concentration in turn is 7.5×10^(9),3×10^(10),6×10^(10)CFU/mL),while the blank group were given the same volume of sterile normal saline.After modeling,the general conditions of rats in each group were observed,including mental state,hair,respiration,activity,eating,weight,and the survival curve was drawn.The pathological characteristics of lung tissue and the infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed.Pathogenic identification of each group was carried out by bacterial culture of lung tissue homogenate.Results:The general state of the blank group was normal,and the rats in other groups showed signs of mental depression,bristling,shortness of breath,even oral and nasal bleeding,decreased food intake and activity,and significant weight loss,and different degrees of death within 48 hours,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Pathological results showed that the alveolar structure of rats in the blank group was complete,and the alveolar space was clear without exudation.The lung tissue of the low and medium bacterial groups showed obvious inflammatory cell infiltration,alveolar structure destruction,alveolar septum thickening,interstitial edema,but the pathological damage of the medium group was more severe,with a mortality rate of up to 50%,and the mortality rate of the low bacterial group was 17%.In the high bacterial group,red blood cells,inflammatory cells and a large amount of fibrin-like exudation can be seen in the alveolar space,which has the pathological characteristics of acute respiratory failure,and the mortality rate is as high as 67%.The results of bacterial culture of lung tissue homogenate showed that the blank group had no bacterial colonies,while PA colony growth can be seen in low,medium and high bacterial groups.Conclusion:9 Intratracheal instillation of low bacterial count(0.1 mL of 7.5×10^(9) CFU/mL)XDR-PA bacterial suspension can successfully construct a rat pneumonia model of XDR-PA infection.

Estimation of Displacement and Extension due to Reverse Drag of Normal Faults: Forward Method

In the case of reverse drag of normal faulting, the displacement and horizontal extension are determined based on the established equations for the three mechanisms: rigid body, vertical shear and inclined shear. There are three sub-cases of basal detachment for the rigid body model: horizontal detachment, antithetic detachment and synthetic detachment. For the rigid body model, the established equations indicate that the total displacement on the synthetic base (Dt2) is the largest, that on the horizontal base (Dt1) is moderate, and that on the antithetic base (Dt3) is the smallest. On the other hand, the value of (Dt1) is larger than the displacement for the vertical shear (Dt4). The value of (Dt1) is larger than or less than the displacement for the inclined shear (Dt5) depending on the original fault dip δ0, bedding angle θ, and the angle of shear direction β. For all original parameters, the value of Dt5 is less than the value of Dt4. Also, by comparing three rotation mechanisms, we find that the inclined shear produces largest extension, the rigid body model with horizontal detachment produces the smallest extension, and the vertical shear model produces moderate extension.

Calculation of the Standard Model Parameters and Particles Based on a SU(4) Preon Model

This paper describes an extension and a new foundation of the Standard Model of particle physics based on a SU(4)-force called hyper-color, and on preon subparticles. The hyper-color force is a generalization of the SU(2)-based weak interaction and the SU(1)-based right-chiral self-interaction, in which the W-and the Z-bosons are Yukawa residual-field-carriers of the hyper-color force, in the same sense as the pions are the residual-field-carriers of the color SU(3) interaction. Using the method of numerical minimization of the SU(4)-action based on this model, the masses and the inner structure of leptons, quarks and weak bosons are calculated: the mass results are very close to the experimental values. We calculate also precisely the value of the Cabibbo angle, so the mixing matrices of the Standard model, CKM matrix for quarks and PMNS matrix for neutrinos can also be calculated. In total, we reduce the 29 parameters of the Standard Model to a total of 7 parameters.

The Effects of Infrastructure Projects on House Prices and Rents:Evidence from the HS2 Extension Cancellation in the UK

This paper uses the HS2 extension cancellation in November 2021 as a quasi-experiment to study its impact on house prices and rents in Leeds.Using a DiD approach on repeat sales and monthly rents,I compare property values near the HS2 station and proposed construction site before and after the announcement.Results show a 3.6%decrease in house prices and a 3.9%decline in rents near the station,while properties near the construction site experienced a 2.4%increase in prices and a 2.1%rise in rents.This is the first paper to analyse the HS2 cancellation effect using panel data methods.

Cenozoic tectono-sedimentary characteristics and extension model of the Northwest Sub-basin,South China Sea

Based on the interpretations of three seismic profiles and one wide-angle seismic profile across the Northwest Sub-basin,South China Sea.stratigraphic sequences,deformation characteristics and an extension model for this sub-basin have been worked out.Three tectonic-stratigraphic units are determined.Detailed analyses of extension show that the event occurred mainly during the Paleogene and resulted in the formation of half-grabens or grabens distributed symmetrically around the spreading center.Sediments are characterized by chaotic and discontinuous reflectors,indicating clastic sediments. Farther to the southwest,the sub-basin features mainly continental rifting instead of sea-floor spreading. The rifting would have been controlled by the shape of the massif and developed just along the northern edge of the Zhongsha-Xisha Block,rather than joined the Xisha Trough.After 25 Ma.a southward ridge jump triggered the opening of the Southwest Sub-basin.The NW-directed stress caused by the sea-floor spreading of the Northwest Sub-basin may have prevented the continuous opening of the sub-basin.After that the Northwest Sub-basin experienced thermal cooling and exhibited broad subsidence.The deep crustal structure shown by the velocity model from a wide-angle seismic profile is also symmetrical around the spreading center,which indicates that the Northwest Sub-basin might have opened in a pure shear model.

MECHANICAL PRODUCT EXTENSIVE INTELLIGENT CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

Based on extenics, an extensive functional information model(function-behavioral action-structure-environmental constraint) of the mechanical productintelligent conceptual design is developed, and the mechanism of theoretic structure solutions isproduced, the mapping relations between function-behavior and behavior-structure are analyzed. Themodel is applied to the filling material system's conceptual design to verify validity.

Extension Modeling Strategy of Intelligent Detection in D.huoshanense Photosynthesis Process

Aiming at the limitations of the existing knowledge representations in intelligent detection, a new method of Extension-based Knowledge Representation (EKR) was proposed. The definitions, grammar rules, and storage structure of EKR were presented. An Extension Solving Model (ESM) based on EKR was discussed in detail, including creation of the extension constraint graph, extended inference, calculation of relevant functions and generation of extension set. A knowledge base system based on EKR and ESM was developed, which was applied in extension repository system intelligent design of detection in photosynthesis process of D.huoshanense. More reasonable results were obtained than traditional rule-based system. EKR was feasible in intelligent design to solve the problem of intelligent detection knowledge representations.

EXTENSION OF SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC MODELAND SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC ANALYSIS IN LIMNIC DEPOSITIONAL BASIN

The architectural patterns of sedimentary succession are diverse in different depositionalbasins. The sedimentary architecture and geological condition of such basins asepicontinental sea, intraplate limnic basins, etc., differ cIearly from those of continentalmargin basin. Extension, complement and perfection of sequence stratigraphic models are needed in the studies of various depositional basins based on the classical sequence model. This paper, for this reason,expounds the thought, principles of sequence division, methodology and technology of the study of sequence stratigraphy in epicontinental and limnic basins.

Effect Analysis of Gurson Model Parameters on Crack Extension of Pipeline

Leakage-before-break technique is widely used in high energy pipeline of nuclear plant, for which crack stability of pipeline under complex loading condition is a key issue, and crack growth resistance curve of pipeline material is the important foundation for crack stability analysis. In this paper, ferritic steel A533B is studied, Gurson damage model is used to simulate crack process of contact tension specimen under unitension, and effect of Gurson model parameter on simulation result is discussed. The following results are found during simulation: initial porosity factor is the main parameter, when it increases gradually, unstable crack extension will be observed;however, only initial J toughness is affected by critical porosity factor;the minor parameter is load step control, when it increases, stable and convergent result is obtained. All results in this paper can be used to determine parameters in Gurson mode, which will be foundation for crack extension analysis of pipeline.

Two-Dimensional Lithium-Ion Battery Modeling with Electrolyte and Cathode Extensions

A two-dimensional model for transport and the coupled electric field is applied to simulate a charging lithium-ion cell and investigate the effects of lithium concentration gradients within electrodes on cell performance. The lithium concentration gradients within electrodes are affected by the cell geometry. Two different geometries are investigated: extending the length of the electrolyte past the edges of the electrodes and extending the length of the cathode past the edge of the anode. It is found that the electrolyte extension has little impact on the behavior of the electrodes, although it does increase the effective conductivity of the electrolyte in the edge region. However, the extension of the cathode past the edge of the anode, and the possibility for electrochemical reactions on the flooded electrode edges, are both found to impact the concentration gradients of lithium in electrodes and the current distribution within the electrolyte during charging. It is found that concentration gradients of lithium within electrodes may have stronger impacts on electrolytic current distributions, depending on the level of completeness of cell charge. This is because very different gradients of electric potential are expected from similar electrode gradients of lithium concentrations at different levels of cell charge, especially for the LixC6 cathode investigated in this study. This leads to the prediction of significant electric potential gradients along the electrolyte length during early cell charging, and a reduced risk of lithium deposition on the cathode edge during later cell charging, as seen experimentally by others.

NUMERICAL MODELLING OF LITHOSPHERE EVOLUTION IN THE NORTH CHINA CRATON: THERMAL THINNING VERSUS TECTONIC EXTENSION THINNING

The boundary between lithosphere and asthenosphere essentially represents a thermal boundary (the solidus). Temperature variation across this boundary can lead to the change of lithosphere thickness. In the case of elevated temperatures in a lithospheric layer above 1 200℃, partial melting will begin and the result of that is a thinned lithosphere. The other mechanism that can also thin lithosphere is extension. Stretching during an extension event can result in a thinner and longer lithosphere. The two mechanisms above are the reason why we can alserve large variations in lithosphere thickness spatially across various continents and temporally throughout the geological history.

盾构施工诱发临近桥梁安全风险评价

针对地铁盾构施工诱发临近桥梁安全风险评估结果不完善、存在失真等问题,提出一种基于变权可拓云模型的盾构施工诱发临近桥梁安全风险评价方法。首先,结合以往研究基础和实际工程经验,建立盾构施工诱发临近桥梁安全事故机理模型,进而确定孕险环境、致险因子和承险体3个1级指标,其中包括有岩土层物理性能参数、隧道工程条件、盾构施工条件、盾构施工参数、施工管理风险、桥梁现状及桥梁自身条件7个2级指标和内摩擦角、弹性模量等27个3级指标为依据建立盾构施工诱发临近桥梁安全风险评价指标体系。其次,通过改进CRITIC客观赋权法获取评价指标权重,并采用变权可拓云模型构建盾构施工诱发临近桥梁安全风险评价模型,其中引入变权理论得到使评价结果更加科学合理的变化权重。最后,对某市轨道交通1号线一期工程Ⅱ标段沿线桥梁进行实例分析。研究结果表明,4座盾构施工临近桥梁安全风险等级分别为Ⅲ、Ⅱ、Ⅱ、Ⅰ级。其中,该施工场地各项土体指标、隧道覆跨比、隧道埋深、隧道直径及桥桩与隧道的相对位置等指标风险较大,即该段隧道盾构施工时对于桥梁自身情况及其施工场地环境需要重点监测,并严格做好周围土体加固等各项技术措施。研究结果可为盾构施工诱发临近桥梁安全风险防控提供科学有效的参考依据。

基于CT影像组学预测甲状腺乳头状癌甲状腺外侵犯的价值

目的:探究CT影像组学预测甲状腺乳头状癌(Papillary Thyroid Cancer,PTC)发生甲状腺外侵犯(Extrathyroidal Extension,ETE)的评估价值。方法:选取2021年10月至2022年10月于我院收治的PTC患者140例作为研究对象,采用随机数法按7∶3比例将患者分为训练集(n=98)和测试集(n=42),依据其是否发生ETE将训练集患者分为ETE组(n=55)和non-ETE组(n=43),基于CT影像组学评分及多元Logistic回归模型分析影响PTC患者发生ETE的关键因素,模型中纳入的变量基于单因素分析的结果,并采用逐步回归方法进行变量筛选。模型的拟合优度通过Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验进行评估。ROC曲线用于评估模型的区分能力,而校准曲线则用于评估模型的预测准确度。结果:两组患者在肿瘤边界、桥本甲状腺炎、中央区淋巴结转移、多灶性、肿瘤最大径、颈侧区淋巴结转移、年龄方面差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);多元Logistic回归模型结果表明肿瘤最大径、多灶、颈部淋巴结转移、年龄、平扫Rad-score、增强扫描Rad-score是影响PTC患者发生ETE的独立危险因素;并基于CT影像组学评分和其独立危险因素绘制列线图,ROC曲线、校准曲线结果显示该预测模型区分度和准确度较好。训练集(AUC=0.962)和测试集(AUC=0.937)的AUC值均接近1,表明该预测模型具有良好的区分能力,能够准确地区分发生ETE和未发生ETE的PTC患者。这为临床医生在制定治疗方案和评估患者预后提供了重要的参考依据。结论:临床医师对于年龄≥55岁、肿瘤最大径>2.0 cm、伴有多灶、颈部淋巴结转移PTC患者,基于CT影像组学可较好地预测ETE发生风险,可为临床提供参考依据。

基于足迹理论的钢铁企业低碳选址评价方法

为推动钢铁企业在资源约束下完成产业升级,在环境约束下提升技术效率,提出一种基于足迹理论的钢铁企业低碳选址评价方法。首先,在钢铁企业常规选址指标的基础上,以足迹理论表征的环境支持力和压力指标为切入点,客观评估待选地区环境容量对新建厂址的容许程度,利用改进灰色关联度完成指标定量筛选,构建钢铁企业低碳选址评价体系。其次,运用差异系数法将主客观权重进行组合优化,采用可拓云模型求解选址综合评价等级隶属度和特征值,并结合可信度因子进行检验。最后,以某钢铁企业产能置换选址为例,确定待选厂址的评价等级。该方法在钢铁企业低碳选址综合评价中具有较好的可行性和适用性。

基于组合赋权-可拓云的城市轨道交通线路运营安全评价

为解决城市轨道交通运营安全评价指标缺乏时效性和部分安全评价模型忽略评价等级的模糊界限等问题,重新构建城市轨道交通线路的运营安全评价指标体系,包括员工对传染性疾病防控措施的执行力度、相关单位的配合程度、防控设备的完备程度等新指标;其次运用基于离差最小化的最优最劣法(BWM)和反熵权法对各指标进行组合赋权;然后应用可拓云确定城市轨道交通线路运营安全评价等级;最后以上海地铁17号线为例进行实例分析。结果表明:上海地铁17号线运营安全评价各指标的各级云关联度低于0.5且置信度高于0.99,其中,人员因素、线路因素、管理因素的置信度均为1,仅设备因素的置信度为0.998;结合每个二级指标的灵敏度值分析,得出车站运营设备的可靠性对线路实际运营安全影响最大;在实际运营中,乘客对车站传染性疾病防控的配合程度越高,对综合评价的提升也越大;该评价指标体系和评价模型能够准确地反映城市轨道交通线路运营安全水平,且更加适用于目前城市轨道交通线路的运营情况。

基于前因因素的建筑工人安全行为评价模型与应用

建筑项目中的事故主要与建筑工人的不安全行为有关,因此对建筑工人安全行为进行事前评价是预防事故发生的关键。首先通过文献可视化分析初步筛选建筑工人安全行为前因因素,结合专家意见构建建筑工人安全行为评价的指标体系;然后采用群决策改进的层次分析法确定各评价指标的综合权重,并建立可拓物元评价模型;最后对某施工项目建筑工人安全行为进行评价与分析,以验证模型的合理性和可靠性。结果表明:建筑工人安全行为评价指标中安全意识所占权重较高,是事故预防的重要因素;实例应用结果表明该项目建筑工人总体安全行为等级处于“Ⅲ级”为一般安全,说明该项目施工作业人员整体处于比较安全的水平;建筑工人个体安全行为的维度指标评价结果为正态分布或偏正态分布,表明该评价模型能够有效识别建筑工人的安全行为水平,可为建筑安全管理的研究和实践提供参考。

基于可拓云模型的工业厂房施工安全风险管理研究

为了准确评价工业厂房施工安全性,降低事故发生率,本文从施工安全人员因素、施工安全技术因素、机械材料、施工安全管理因素及施工安全环境因素5个方面构建当前模式下工业厂房施工安全风险评价指标体系,建立组合赋权法-可拓云模型的风险评价模型,并通过工程实例验证了模型的有效性及可行性。研究表明,基于可拓云模型理论的分析模型具有较强的适用性,可以用于工业厂房施工安全风险的评估和管理。

大学生创新创业能力评价体系构建与培养路径优化研究

对大学生创新创业能力结构的合理构成及其掌握程度的有效度量,不仅是大学生创新创业评价的内在要求,也是高校有效指导学生进行创新创业实践的客观需要。通过文献分析和专家访谈,提炼出大学生创新创业能力特征要素,基于可拓学理论,建立可拓物元模型,构建能力评价体系并加以验证。评价指标体系中,设置一级指标3个,二级指标12个,结合调查问卷开展实证研究,在此基础上对大学生创新创业能力培养策略进行分析,优化能力提升培养路径,为高校创新创业教育实践提供有价值的参考。

CFSv2模式对汛期黑龙江省延伸期时段降水预测检验评估

利用1999-2010年CFSv2模式资料,基于国家气候中心Ps和Cs检验方法,对汛期黑龙江省延伸期时段降水趋势和过程进行检验评估。结果发现:模式预测6月延伸期降水趋势效果较差,但从7月上旬开始至8月中旬模式预测技巧明显提高,Ps评分基本通过65分,距平符号一致率也达到50%以上。模式预测延伸期降水过程效果较好的时间为6月上旬、7月上旬、7月下旬和8月中旬,预测降水日数准确率在20%以上。预测结论可以为业务中延伸期降水预测提供参考依据。

首都国际机场陆侧交通运行状态的评价研究

随着民航客流量的快速增长,机场陆侧交通运行状态已成为制约机场功能有效发挥的瓶颈。为了更高效合理地评估机场陆侧交通运行状态,在考虑评价过程中不确定性、主观随意性和客观失真性对评价结果影响的前提下,提出一种基于组合权重和可拓云模型的新评价方法;以首都国际机场四纬路的实地调研交通数据为例,对机场陆侧交通运行状态进行了综合评价并确定其综合评价等级。研究结果表明:新方法在机场陆侧交通运行状态评价中具有较好的可行性和适用性;评价结果在一定程度上能反映出机场陆侧交通的实际运行状态。