Improving low-voltage ride-through capability of a multimegawatt DFIG based wind turbine under grid faults

Large integration of doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG)based wind turbines(WTs)into power networks can have significant consequences for power system operation and the quality of the energy supplied due to their excessive sensitivity towards grid disturbances.Under voltage dips,the resulting overcurrent and overvoltage in the rotor circuit and the DC link of a DFIG,could lead to the activation of the protection system and WT disconnection.This potentially results in sudden loss of several tens/hundreds of MWs of energy,and consequently intensifying the severity of the fault.This paper aims to combine the use of a crowbar protection circuit and a robust backstepping control strategy that takes into consideration of the dynamics of the magnetic flux,to improve DFIG’s Low-Voltage Ride Through capability and fulfill the latest grid code requirements.While the power electronic interfaces are protected,the WTs also provide large reactive power during the fault to assist system voltage recovery.Simulation results using Matlab/Simulink demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in terms of dynamic response and robustness against parametric variations.

Transient synchronous stability analysis and enhancement control strategy of a PLL-based VSC system during asymmetric grid faults

The stability of a voltage source converters(VSC)system based on phase-locked loop(PLL)is very important issue during asymmetric grid faults.This paper establishes a transient synchronous stability model of a dual-sequence PLL-based VSC system during low voltage ride-through by referring to the equivalent rotor swing equation of syn-chronous generators.Based on the model,the synchronization characteristics of the VSC system under asymmetric grid faults are described,and the interaction mechanisms,as well as the transient instability phenomena of positive and negative sequence PLL during asymmetric faults are explained.Using the equal area criterion,the influences of sequence control switching action,detection delay,and interaction between the positive and negative sequence PLL on the transient synchronous stability of the VSC system are analyzed,respectively.In addition,a transient stabil-ity assessment criterion based on the critical fault clearance angle and time and an enhancement control strategy based on the improved positive and negative sequence PLL are proposed.Finally,the analytical results are validated through simulation and experiments.

Transient Characteristics and Quantitative Analysis of Electromotive Force for DFIG-based Wind Turbines during Grid Faults

For doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG)-based wind turbines(WTs),various advanced control schemes have been proposed to achieve the low voltage ride through(LVRT)capability,whose parameters design is significantly reliant on the rotor electromotive force(EMF)of DFIG-based WTs.However,the influence of the rotor current on EMF is usually ignored in existing studies,which cannot fully reflect the transient characteristics of EMF.To tackle with this issue,this study presents a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of EMF during grid faults considering various control modes.First,the DFIG model under grid faults is established.Subsequently,the transient characteristics of EMF are analyzed under different control modes(that is,rotor open-circuit and connected to converter).Furthermore,the EMF transient eigenvolumes(that is,accessorial resistance item,transient decay time constant,and frequency offset)are quantitatively analyzed with the typical parameters of MW-level DFIG-based WT.The analysis results contribute to the design of the LVRT control scheme.Finally,the analysis is validated by the hardware-in-the-loop experiments.

Fault Ride-Through(FRT)Behavior in VSC-HVDC as Key Enabler of Transmission Systems Using SCADA Viewer Software

The world’s energy consumption and power generation demand will continue to rise.Furthermore,the bulk of the energy resources needed to satisfy the rising demand is far from the load centers.The aforementioned requires long-distance transmission systems and one way to accomplish this is to use high voltage direct current(HVDC)transmission systems.The main technical issues for HVDC transmission systems are loss of synchronism,variation of quadrature currents,amplitude,the inability of station 1(rectifier),and station 2(inverter)to either inject,or absorb active,or reactive power in the network in any circumstances(before a fault occurs,during having a fault in network and after a fault cleared),and the variations of power transfer capabilities.Additionally,faults impact power quality such as voltage dips and power line outage time.This paper presents a method of overcoming the aforementioned technical issues using voltage-source converter(VSC)based HVDC transmission systems with SCADA VIEWER software and dynamic grid simulator.The benefits include having a higher capacity transmission system and proposed best method for control of active and reactive power transfer capabilities.Simulation results obtained using MATLAB validated the experimental results from SCADA Viewer software.The results indicate that the station’s rectifier or inverter can either inject or absorb either active power or reactive power in any circumstance.Also,the reverse power flow under different modes of operation can ride through faults.At a 100.0%power transfer rate,the rectifier injected 775.0 W into the network.At a 0.0%power transfer rate,the rectifier injected 164.0 W into the network.At a-100.0%rated power,the rectifier injected 1264.0 W into the network and direction was also changed.

An enhanced semi-supervised learning method with self-supervised and adaptive threshold for fault detection and classification in urban power grids

With the rapid development of urban power grids and the large-scale integration of renewable energy, traditional power grid fault diagnosis techniques struggle to address the complexities of diagnosing faults in intricate power grid systems. Although artificial intelligence technologies offer new solutions for power grid fault diagnosis, the difficulty in acquiring labeled grid data limits the development of AI technologies in this area. In response to these challenges, this study proposes a semi-supervised learning framework with self-supervised and adaptive threshold (SAT-SSL) for fault detection and classification in power grids. Compared to other methods, our method reduces the dependence on labeling data while maintaining high recognition accuracy. First, we utilize frequency domain analysis on power grid data to filter abnormal events, then classify and label these events based on visual features, to creating a power grid dataset. Subsequently, we employ the Yule–Walker algorithm extract features from the power grid data. Then we construct a semi-supervised learning framework, incorporating self-supervised loss and dynamic threshold to enhance information extraction capabilities and adaptability across different scenarios of the model. Finally, the power grid dataset along with two benchmark datasets are used to validate the model’s functionality. The results indicate that our model achieves a low error rate across various scenarios and different amounts of labels. In power grid dataset, When retaining just 5% of the labels, the error rate is only 6.15%, which proves that this method can achieve accurate grid fault detection and classification with a limited amount of labeled data.

Optimization of Wind Farm Collection Line Structure under Symmetrical Grid Fault

A power-transmission collection line is connected to each wind turbine of a wind farm and then connected to the incoming switchgear at the low-voltage side of the booster station at a certain distance.Therefore,the grouping of the wind turbines in the wind farm determines the layout of the lines and affects the line impedance.The line structure and composition of the wind farm are analyzed,and the relationship between the impedance of the collection line and reactive power generated by the wind turbine at low-voltage ride through is derived.We conclude that the smaller the equivalent impedance of the wind farm collection line structure is,the greater the reactive power at the wind farm collection line point is.In addition,the economic aspect of the collection line needs to be considered in the design.The economic aspect and impedance values have contrasting characteristics.Therefore,according to the condition of minimum impedance and optimized economic aspect,an optimization model of a wind-farm collector-circuit structure is proposed.The optimal structure of the wind farm collector circuit is calculated using the Monte Carlo method,and the theoretical analysis is verified by simulation.