The control volume method gives the forces which act on the system, but not necessarily the wall pressure of the system. The author has made an attempt to develop a control volume method which makes it possible to obt...The control volume method gives the forces which act on the system, but not necessarily the wall pressure of the system. The author has made an attempt to develop a control volume method which makes it possible to obtain the wall pressure of the control volume. The 2-D inviscid incompressible steady duct flow is considered. The conservation equations in integral form are discretized for a control volume. The circulation along the control surface is expressed as a nonlinear function of the vertical velocity component at the inlet and is set equal to zero for the inviscid flow. The equation is solved by the Newton method, and the other aerodynamic properties can be obtained. The calculated results have been compared to the experiment and the agreement has been found fairly satisfactory.展开更多
A design for an air-cooled test tube, with a series of modular and movable rings (cylindrical “crystallization comb”), installed in a laboratory crucible furnace is presented. The setup allows easy regulation simult...A design for an air-cooled test tube, with a series of modular and movable rings (cylindrical “crystallization comb”), installed in a laboratory crucible furnace is presented. The setup allows easy regulation simultaneous crystallization tests of a series of different crystallization rates in several columns (matrix) of test tubes, enabling fast studies of obtaining crystals. This low-budget, portable device (i.e. adjustable airstream with more simple control options), can also be applied in tube and chamber furnaces. The relations between the crystallization rate and parameters of air-cooled test tube are given and numerically analyzed.展开更多
精细化几何建模是高保真中子输运计算的重要基础,而非结构网格对复杂几何模型具有较强的适应性,能弥补结构网格建模能力的不足。为了提高屏蔽计算程序对复杂模型的建模能力,从一阶中子输运方程出发,建立了二维离散纵标-伽辽金有限元求...精细化几何建模是高保真中子输运计算的重要基础,而非结构网格对复杂几何模型具有较强的适应性,能弥补结构网格建模能力的不足。为了提高屏蔽计算程序对复杂模型的建模能力,从一阶中子输运方程出发,建立了二维离散纵标-伽辽金有限元求解模型,对比分析了连续有限元和间断有限元方法的计算性能,进一步采用质量矩阵集总技术以提高求解模型的可靠性,并开发了相应的计算程序ThorSNIPE。选用BWR cell临界基准题、阿贡实验室5-A1固定源基准题和Dog leg duct基准题,验证ThorSNIPE程序的正确性。数值计算结果表明:ThorSNIPE程序的计算结果与基准值吻合较好,初步验证了程序的正确性,ThorSNIPE程序适用于复杂屏蔽计算分析;质量矩阵集总技术在不影响计算精度的情况下,能够有效抑制非物理振荡问题。展开更多
In this work,phase and morphology-tuned MoO_(3) nanostructures are synthesized through a novel modified co-precipitation method,and their electrochemical properties are investigated.For the first time,such a simple su...In this work,phase and morphology-tuned MoO_(3) nanostructures are synthesized through a novel modified co-precipitation method,and their electrochemical properties are investigated.For the first time,such a simple surfactant-assisted synthesis process aided by minor temperature variations is reported which results in phase transition of the nanoparticles from h-MoO_(3) nano-rods to a-MoO_(3) nano-flakes.The nanostructures thus developed are highly porous and crystalline with significantly large specific surface area as compared to previous literature.The theoretical bandgap energy of the optimized sample calculated using Perdew-Zunger local density approximation(LDA) is in good agreement with the experimental findings.An overall structural,morphological,and surface-behavioural analysis predicts the electrochemical superiority in 2D a-MoO_(3).The cyclic voltammetry and galvano-potentiometry measurements of 2D a-MoO_(3) in the potential window of-0.6 V to +0.2 V present the highest pseudosupercapacitive response with a maximum specific capacitance of 829 F g^(-1)at 2 A g^(-1)as compared to h-MoO_(3) (452 F g^(-1)) and h@a-MoO_(3) (783 F g^(-1)).Thus,the MoO_(3) 2D nanostructures synthesized through our novel synthesis technique display excellent specific capacitance as compared to previous reported data.Additionally,a-MoO_(3) exhibits a galvanostatic charging-discharging cyclic stability of about 91%after 2000 cycles,indicating that it can serve as an excellent electrode material for supercapacitors.A solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor device is successfully constructed using a-MoO_(3) which can light up 4 red LEDs for 10 s.The specific energy density of the device reaches a maximum value of 36.3 W h kg^(-1)at the power density of 50 W kg^(-1).展开更多
We introduce a method for computing the Helmholtz free energy using the flow matching technique. Unlike previous work that utilized flow-based models for variational free energy calculations, this method provides boun...We introduce a method for computing the Helmholtz free energy using the flow matching technique. Unlike previous work that utilized flow-based models for variational free energy calculations, this method provides bounds for free energy estimation based on targeted free energy perturbation by performing calculations on samples from both ends of the mapping. We demonstrate applications of the present method by estimating the free energy of a classical Coulomb gas in a harmonic trap.展开更多
文摘The control volume method gives the forces which act on the system, but not necessarily the wall pressure of the system. The author has made an attempt to develop a control volume method which makes it possible to obtain the wall pressure of the control volume. The 2-D inviscid incompressible steady duct flow is considered. The conservation equations in integral form are discretized for a control volume. The circulation along the control surface is expressed as a nonlinear function of the vertical velocity component at the inlet and is set equal to zero for the inviscid flow. The equation is solved by the Newton method, and the other aerodynamic properties can be obtained. The calculated results have been compared to the experiment and the agreement has been found fairly satisfactory.
文摘A design for an air-cooled test tube, with a series of modular and movable rings (cylindrical “crystallization comb”), installed in a laboratory crucible furnace is presented. The setup allows easy regulation simultaneous crystallization tests of a series of different crystallization rates in several columns (matrix) of test tubes, enabling fast studies of obtaining crystals. This low-budget, portable device (i.e. adjustable airstream with more simple control options), can also be applied in tube and chamber furnaces. The relations between the crystallization rate and parameters of air-cooled test tube are given and numerically analyzed.
文摘精细化几何建模是高保真中子输运计算的重要基础,而非结构网格对复杂几何模型具有较强的适应性,能弥补结构网格建模能力的不足。为了提高屏蔽计算程序对复杂模型的建模能力,从一阶中子输运方程出发,建立了二维离散纵标-伽辽金有限元求解模型,对比分析了连续有限元和间断有限元方法的计算性能,进一步采用质量矩阵集总技术以提高求解模型的可靠性,并开发了相应的计算程序ThorSNIPE。选用BWR cell临界基准题、阿贡实验室5-A1固定源基准题和Dog leg duct基准题,验证ThorSNIPE程序的正确性。数值计算结果表明:ThorSNIPE程序的计算结果与基准值吻合较好,初步验证了程序的正确性,ThorSNIPE程序适用于复杂屏蔽计算分析;质量矩阵集总技术在不影响计算精度的情况下,能够有效抑制非物理振荡问题。
文摘In this work,phase and morphology-tuned MoO_(3) nanostructures are synthesized through a novel modified co-precipitation method,and their electrochemical properties are investigated.For the first time,such a simple surfactant-assisted synthesis process aided by minor temperature variations is reported which results in phase transition of the nanoparticles from h-MoO_(3) nano-rods to a-MoO_(3) nano-flakes.The nanostructures thus developed are highly porous and crystalline with significantly large specific surface area as compared to previous literature.The theoretical bandgap energy of the optimized sample calculated using Perdew-Zunger local density approximation(LDA) is in good agreement with the experimental findings.An overall structural,morphological,and surface-behavioural analysis predicts the electrochemical superiority in 2D a-MoO_(3).The cyclic voltammetry and galvano-potentiometry measurements of 2D a-MoO_(3) in the potential window of-0.6 V to +0.2 V present the highest pseudosupercapacitive response with a maximum specific capacitance of 829 F g^(-1)at 2 A g^(-1)as compared to h-MoO_(3) (452 F g^(-1)) and h@a-MoO_(3) (783 F g^(-1)).Thus,the MoO_(3) 2D nanostructures synthesized through our novel synthesis technique display excellent specific capacitance as compared to previous reported data.Additionally,a-MoO_(3) exhibits a galvanostatic charging-discharging cyclic stability of about 91%after 2000 cycles,indicating that it can serve as an excellent electrode material for supercapacitors.A solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor device is successfully constructed using a-MoO_(3) which can light up 4 red LEDs for 10 s.The specific energy density of the device reaches a maximum value of 36.3 W h kg^(-1)at the power density of 50 W kg^(-1).
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. XDB0500000 and XDB30000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 92270107, 12188101, 12122103,T2225018, and T2121001)。
文摘We introduce a method for computing the Helmholtz free energy using the flow matching technique. Unlike previous work that utilized flow-based models for variational free energy calculations, this method provides bounds for free energy estimation based on targeted free energy perturbation by performing calculations on samples from both ends of the mapping. We demonstrate applications of the present method by estimating the free energy of a classical Coulomb gas in a harmonic trap.
