This study investigated the effects of playing soccer on the quality of gross motor skills in preschoolers. A 2-group, pretest-posttest design was adopted, comprising both an experimental and a control group. The part...This study investigated the effects of playing soccer on the quality of gross motor skills in preschoolers. A 2-group, pretest-posttest design was adopted, comprising both an experimental and a control group. The participants were recruited from 2 public kindergartens located in New Taipei City, Taiwan. The approval of the legal representatives of the 101 preschoolers enrolled in these kindergartens and aged between 4 years and 6 years and 11 months was obtained, and purposive grouping was subsequently conducted. The experimental group comprised 44 participants from the first kindergarten, whereas the control group comprised 43 participants from the second kindergarten. After the recruitment, the experimental group received a soccer program intervention： a 10-week soccer program with two 40-minute sessions per week. Before and after the experiment, the gross motor quality of both groups was measured using the Preschooler Gross Motor Quality Scale, which covers tests for locomotion, object manipulation, and balance. The results of the 10-week intervention showed significantly higher scores for locomotion, object manipulation, balance, and overall gross motor quality in the experimental group than in the control group. This study confirmed that a 10-week soccer program is beneficial for gross motor development in preschoolers. The research results can serve as a reference for gross motor development in preschool education.展开更多
Purpose: Physical activity(PA) and fundamental motor skills are important components of current and future trajectories of health in young children. This study examined the effects of a 5-week motor skill intervention...Purpose: Physical activity(PA) and fundamental motor skills are important components of current and future trajectories of health in young children. This study examined the effects of a 5-week motor skill intervention on preschoolers' motor skill competence and their PA behaviors while participating in the motor skill intervention or outdoor free play(recess).Methods: A total of 102 preschoolers served as participants and were part of a motor skill intervention group(n = 64) or a control/outdoor free play group(n = 38). Children's motor skills were assessed before and after the intervention using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 rd edition. PA during the motor skill intervention and outdoor free play was assessed using accelerometers both immediately before the start(baseline, Week 0 or Week 1) and end(late, Week 5 or Week 6) of the intervention.Results: All children significantly improved their motor skills from baseline to late assessment(p < 0.05). Children in the motor skill intervention demonstrated greater rates of change(p < 0.001) and scored higher on all motor skills at the late assessment compared with the control group(p < 0.001). There was no effect of group(control vs. intervention), but there was a significant effect of sex on children's PA during outdoor free play at baseline(p < 0.05). Similarly, there was no effect of group on PA during days with the movement program(intervention vs. outdoor free play) at either time point, but boys were more active than girls at the late assessment(p < 0.05). Last, children in the intervention engaged in more PA while participating in the intervention toward the end of the intervention than at the beginning.Conclusion: The 5-week motor skill intervention was effective at improving preschoolers' motor skills and rates of change in motor skills were higher for children who completed the intervention compared with children in the control group. Preschoolers in the intervention did demonstrate PA changes while participating in the intervention, but these changes did not translate outside of the intervention setting.展开更多
Background: A central aim of physical education is the promotion of basic motor competencies(in German: Motorische Basiskompetenzen;MOBAK), which are prerequisites for children's active participation in sports cul...Background: A central aim of physical education is the promotion of basic motor competencies(in German: Motorische Basiskompetenzen;MOBAK), which are prerequisites for children's active participation in sports culture. This article introduces the MOBAK-1 test instrument for 6-to 8-year-old children and determines the construct validity of this test instrument. In addition, the relationship between MOBAK and motor ability(i.e., strength) as well as body mass index(BMI), sex, and age is investigated.Methods: We analyzed data of 923 first and second graders(422 girls, 501 boys, age = 6.80 ±0.44 years). The children's basic motor competencies were assessed by the MOBAK-1 test instrument. Besides analyses of frequency, correlation, and variance, 3 confirmatory factor analyses with covariates were performed.Results: We found 2 MOBAK factors consisting of 4 items each. The first factor, locomotion, included the items balancing, rolling, jumping, and side stepping; the second factor, object control, included the items throwing, catching, bouncing, and dribbling. The motor ability strength had a significant influence on the factors locomotion(b = 0.60) and object control(b = 0.50). Older pupils achieved better results than younger pupils on object control(b = 0.29). Boys performed better on object control(b = -0.44), whereas girls achieved better results in locomotion(b = 0.07).Pupils with a high BMI achieved lower performance only on the factor locomotion(b =-0.28).Conclusion: The MOBAK-1 test instrument developed for this study meets psychometric validity demands and is suitable to evaluate effects of sports and physical education.展开更多
目的:对幼儿体质健康测试成绩和粗大动作技能得分进行相关分析,探究二者之间存在的规律,以提出更具针对性的教学干预措施。方法:根据《国民体质测定标准手册(幼儿部分)》的标准,以北京市某幼儿园大班学生共52名幼儿为测试对象,分别进行...目的:对幼儿体质健康测试成绩和粗大动作技能得分进行相关分析,探究二者之间存在的规律,以提出更具针对性的教学干预措施。方法:根据《国民体质测定标准手册(幼儿部分)》的标准,以北京市某幼儿园大班学生共52名幼儿为测试对象,分别进行体质健康测试和粗大动作发展测试(Gross Motor Development Test)简称“TGMD”;采用Pearson相关系数对测试数据间的相关性进行分析。结果:1)幼儿体质健康测试“优秀”人数比例高于“良好”和“及格”,且在“优秀”、“良好”和“及格”分值中并未出现性别差异(P>0.05);2)幼儿在粗大动作技能总分、位移类动作总分和操控类动作总分中均呈现出非常显著性的性别差异(p<0.01),男性幼儿成绩高于女性幼儿;3)幼儿体质健康和粗大动作技能测试之间有着非常显著性的正相关(r=0.47,P<0.01)。结论:1)继续实施幼儿国民体质监测的结果性评价,同时融入对幼儿基本动作技能发展的过程性评价,并制定相应的干预策略和方法。2)幼儿体质健康测试和粗大动作技能测试间有非常显著性正相关关系。在实践应用中,不能孤立分析上述两项测试数据,应重点关注幼儿体质健康测试中身体形态方面的数据是否存在异常值,同时将幼儿体质健康测试中身体素质测试数据和粗大动作技能测试分数结合分析,以便对幼儿的运动能力进行全面科学的评估。3)幼儿园等相关教育辅导机构应重点强化对女性幼儿基本动作技能发展方面的干预,尤其是操作类动作技能的培养;既要重视自身数据的纵向跟踪,也要注意国外数据的横向对比。展开更多
文摘This study investigated the effects of playing soccer on the quality of gross motor skills in preschoolers. A 2-group, pretest-posttest design was adopted, comprising both an experimental and a control group. The participants were recruited from 2 public kindergartens located in New Taipei City, Taiwan. The approval of the legal representatives of the 101 preschoolers enrolled in these kindergartens and aged between 4 years and 6 years and 11 months was obtained, and purposive grouping was subsequently conducted. The experimental group comprised 44 participants from the first kindergarten, whereas the control group comprised 43 participants from the second kindergarten. After the recruitment, the experimental group received a soccer program intervention： a 10-week soccer program with two 40-minute sessions per week. Before and after the experiment, the gross motor quality of both groups was measured using the Preschooler Gross Motor Quality Scale, which covers tests for locomotion, object manipulation, and balance. The results of the 10-week intervention showed significantly higher scores for locomotion, object manipulation, balance, and overall gross motor quality in the experimental group than in the control group. This study confirmed that a 10-week soccer program is beneficial for gross motor development in preschoolers. The research results can serve as a reference for gross motor development in preschool education.
文摘Purpose: Physical activity(PA) and fundamental motor skills are important components of current and future trajectories of health in young children. This study examined the effects of a 5-week motor skill intervention on preschoolers' motor skill competence and their PA behaviors while participating in the motor skill intervention or outdoor free play(recess).Methods: A total of 102 preschoolers served as participants and were part of a motor skill intervention group(n = 64) or a control/outdoor free play group(n = 38). Children's motor skills were assessed before and after the intervention using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 rd edition. PA during the motor skill intervention and outdoor free play was assessed using accelerometers both immediately before the start(baseline, Week 0 or Week 1) and end(late, Week 5 or Week 6) of the intervention.Results: All children significantly improved their motor skills from baseline to late assessment(p < 0.05). Children in the motor skill intervention demonstrated greater rates of change(p < 0.001) and scored higher on all motor skills at the late assessment compared with the control group(p < 0.001). There was no effect of group(control vs. intervention), but there was a significant effect of sex on children's PA during outdoor free play at baseline(p < 0.05). Similarly, there was no effect of group on PA during days with the movement program(intervention vs. outdoor free play) at either time point, but boys were more active than girls at the late assessment(p < 0.05). Last, children in the intervention engaged in more PA while participating in the intervention toward the end of the intervention than at the beginning.Conclusion: The 5-week motor skill intervention was effective at improving preschoolers' motor skills and rates of change in motor skills were higher for children who completed the intervention compared with children in the control group. Preschoolers in the intervention did demonstrate PA changes while participating in the intervention, but these changes did not translate outside of the intervention setting.
文摘Background: A central aim of physical education is the promotion of basic motor competencies(in German: Motorische Basiskompetenzen;MOBAK), which are prerequisites for children's active participation in sports culture. This article introduces the MOBAK-1 test instrument for 6-to 8-year-old children and determines the construct validity of this test instrument. In addition, the relationship between MOBAK and motor ability(i.e., strength) as well as body mass index(BMI), sex, and age is investigated.Methods: We analyzed data of 923 first and second graders(422 girls, 501 boys, age = 6.80 ±0.44 years). The children's basic motor competencies were assessed by the MOBAK-1 test instrument. Besides analyses of frequency, correlation, and variance, 3 confirmatory factor analyses with covariates were performed.Results: We found 2 MOBAK factors consisting of 4 items each. The first factor, locomotion, included the items balancing, rolling, jumping, and side stepping; the second factor, object control, included the items throwing, catching, bouncing, and dribbling. The motor ability strength had a significant influence on the factors locomotion(b = 0.60) and object control(b = 0.50). Older pupils achieved better results than younger pupils on object control(b = 0.29). Boys performed better on object control(b = -0.44), whereas girls achieved better results in locomotion(b = 0.07).Pupils with a high BMI achieved lower performance only on the factor locomotion(b =-0.28).Conclusion: The MOBAK-1 test instrument developed for this study meets psychometric validity demands and is suitable to evaluate effects of sports and physical education.
文摘目的:对幼儿体质健康测试成绩和粗大动作技能得分进行相关分析,探究二者之间存在的规律,以提出更具针对性的教学干预措施。方法:根据《国民体质测定标准手册(幼儿部分)》的标准,以北京市某幼儿园大班学生共52名幼儿为测试对象,分别进行体质健康测试和粗大动作发展测试(Gross Motor Development Test)简称“TGMD”;采用Pearson相关系数对测试数据间的相关性进行分析。结果:1)幼儿体质健康测试“优秀”人数比例高于“良好”和“及格”,且在“优秀”、“良好”和“及格”分值中并未出现性别差异(P>0.05);2)幼儿在粗大动作技能总分、位移类动作总分和操控类动作总分中均呈现出非常显著性的性别差异(p<0.01),男性幼儿成绩高于女性幼儿;3)幼儿体质健康和粗大动作技能测试之间有着非常显著性的正相关(r=0.47,P<0.01)。结论:1)继续实施幼儿国民体质监测的结果性评价,同时融入对幼儿基本动作技能发展的过程性评价,并制定相应的干预策略和方法。2)幼儿体质健康测试和粗大动作技能测试间有非常显著性正相关关系。在实践应用中,不能孤立分析上述两项测试数据,应重点关注幼儿体质健康测试中身体形态方面的数据是否存在异常值,同时将幼儿体质健康测试中身体素质测试数据和粗大动作技能测试分数结合分析,以便对幼儿的运动能力进行全面科学的评估。3)幼儿园等相关教育辅导机构应重点强化对女性幼儿基本动作技能发展方面的干预,尤其是操作类动作技能的培养;既要重视自身数据的纵向跟踪,也要注意国外数据的横向对比。
