Optimization of Finned-Tube Heat Exchanger in a Gravity-Assisted Separated Heat Pipe

Finned-tube heat exchanger(FTHE)is often used as an evaporator in commercial products of separated heat pipe(SHP).The working conditions of FTHE in gravity-assisted SHP are significantly different from those working in refrigerators and air conditioners.Although FTHE is widely used in commercial products of SHP,previous research on its characteristics is very limited.In this paper,a mathematical model for a SHP with FTHE as the evaporator and plate heat exchanger as the condenser is established and verified with experiments.Parametric analyses are carried out to investigate the influences of evaporator design parameters:air inlet velocity,number of tube rows,tube diameter,and fin pitch.With the increasing of air velocity,number of tube rows and tube diameter,and the decreasing of fin pitch,the heat transfer rate increases,while the energy efficiency ratio(EER)decreases monotonically.Using the total cost of the ten-year life cycle as the performance index,the structure parameters of the evaporator with a given heat transfer rate are optimized by the method of orthogonal experimental design.It is found that the total cost can differ as large as nearly ten times between groups.Among the three factors investigated,the number of tube rows has a significant impact on the total cost of the evaporator.With more tube rows,the total cost will be less.The impacts of fin pitch and tube diameter are insignificant.These results are of practical importance for the engineering design of FTHE in gravity-assisted SHP.

Effect of the Arrangement of a New-Type of Turbulator Inserts on Heat Pipe Exchanger Performances

This research tests the effect of introducing turbulators of a new type into a circular tube heat exchanger under a constant and uniform longitudinal heatflux condition.A 45 mm diameter copper tube with a length of 1,350 mm is utilized with a solid disk being inserted inside the tube,which consists of three sections,each one containing two slots.The slot is cut at a 45 degree angle toward the inner tube surface,which results in diverging theflow toward the inner hot tube surface in order to enhance the heat transfer process.Air is considered as the workingfluid with Prandtl number 0.71.The Reynolds number spans the interval from 6,000–13,500,which indicates that the consideredflow is turbulent.The heat exchanger performance is studied and analyzed in terms of average Nusselt number.The experimental results show that the Nusselt number value is directly proportional to the increase of the Reynolds number,and the number of turbulators inserts.With the use of three novel turbulators,the heat transfer was about 3.15 times higher than that in the smooth tube and the friction factor was about 1.11.

Localized Theoretical Analysis of Thermal Performance of Individually Finned Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger for Air Conditioning with Freon R404A as Working Fluid

This work contributes to the improvement of energy-saving in air conditioning systems. The objective is to apply the thermal efficiency of heat exchangers for localized determination of the thermal performance of heat exchangers with individually finned heat pipes. The fundamental parameters used for performance analysis were the number of fins per heat pipe, the number of heat pipes, the inlet temperatures, and the flow rates of hot and cold fluids. The heat exchanger under analysis uses Freon 404A as a working fluid in an air conditioning system for cooling in the Evaporator and energy recovery in the Condenser. The theoretical model is localized and applied individually to the Evaporator, Condenser, and heat exchanger regions. The results obtained through the simulation are compared with experimental results that use a global approach for the heat exchanger. The thermal quantities obtained through the theoretical model in the mentioned regions are air velocity, Nusselt number, thermal effectiveness, heat transfer rate, and outlet temperature. The comparisons made with global experimental results are in excellent agreement, demonstrating that the localized theoretical approach developed is consistent and can be used as a comprehensive analysis tool for heat exchangers using heat pipes.

Localized Theoretical Analysis of Thermal Performance of Individually Finned Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger for Air Conditioning with Freon R404A as Working Fluid

This work contributes to the improvement of energy-saving in air conditioning systems. The objective is to apply the thermal efficiency of heat exchangers for localized determination of the thermal performance of heat exchangers with individually finned heat pipes. The fundamental parameters used for performance analysis were the number of fins per heat pipe, the number of heat pipes, the inlet temperatures, and the flow rates of hot and cold fluids. The heat exchanger under analysis uses Freon 404A as a working fluid in an air conditioning system for cooling in the Evaporator and energy recovery in the Condenser. The theoretical model is localized and applied individually to the Evaporator, Condenser, and heat exchanger regions. The results obtained through the simulation are compared with experimental results that use a global approach for the heat exchanger. The thermal quantities obtained through the theoretical model in the mentioned regions are air velocity, Nusselt number, thermal effectiveness, heat transfer rate, and outlet temperature. The comparisons made with global experimental results are in excellent agreement, demonstrating that the localized theoretical approach developed is consistent and can be used as a comprehensive analysis tool for heat exchangers using heat pipes.

Numerical Simulation and Optimization of a Mid-Temperature Heat Pipe Exchanger

In this paper,we take the mid-temperature gravity heat pipe exchanger as the research object,simulate the fluid flow field,temperature field and the working state of heat pipe in the heat exchanger by Fluent software.The effects of different operating parameters and fin parameters on the heat transfer performance of heat exchangers are studied.The results show that the heat transfer performance of the mid-temperature gravity heat pipe exchanger is the best when the fin spacing is between 5 mm and 6 mm,the height of the heat pipe is between 12 mm and 13 mm,and the inlet velocity of the fluid is between 2.5 m/s to 3 m/s.

Optimal design of the separate type heat pipe heat exchanger

Separate type heat pipe heat exchangers are often used for large-scale heat exchanging. The arrangement of such a heat exchanger conveniently allows heat input to and output from the heat exchanger at remote locations. The traditional method of designing an ordinary HPHE (heat pipe heat exchanger) is commonly applied in the separate type exchanger design, but the calculations have to be carried out separately, which makes it very complicated. In this work, the ε-NTU (effectiveness-Number of Transfer Units) method was applied for optimization analysis of single- or multi-level separate type heat pipe heat exchangers. An optimizing formula for single-level separate type heat pipe heat exchangers was obtained. The optimizing principles of effec- tiveness-NTU and heat transfer rate by the equal distribution method for multi-level separate type heat pipe heat exchanger are presented. The design of separate type heat pipe heat exchangers by the optimizing method is more convenient and faster than by the traditional method.

Heat Transport Study of the Laminar Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger

The purpose of this experiment is to analyze the performance of the Laminar Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger. The test samples were divided two groups, one is the metal corrugated sheet with heat pipe, and the other is the metal corrugated sheet only. By dipping these two group samples into hot water and to see the thermal image by Infrared thermal imager. The results shown the temperature risen of the sheet with heat pipe was faster than that of the sheet without heat pipe. In addition, the bigger of the temperature difference between hot water temperature and ambient temperature, the quicker of the temperature risen for the metal corrugated sheet, and the temperature of the metal corrugated sheet were homogenous as well. For example, when the water temperature is 30℃, ambient temperature is 20℃, the metal corrugated sheet with heat pipe rise rapidly to 26℃ within 1 minute, while the metal corrugated sheet without heat pipe rise to 22℃ only, this temperature difference would be more obvious with the increasing of the hot water temperature. When the hot water temperature is up to 40℃, the metal corrugated sheet with heat pipe rise rapidly to 31℃ within 1 minute, while the metal corrugated sheet without het pipe is still rise up to 22℃ only. When the hot water temperature is up to 50℃, The metal corrugated sheet with heat pipe rise rapidly to 33℃ within 1 minute, while the sheet without heat pipe still keep at 22℃, the results shown the heat pipe affect the temperature rising speed is obvious, and it also implying heat pipe is a very important parameter for the heat transfer rate of the Laminar Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger.

Development of Submersible Corrugated Pipe Sewage Heat Exchanger

Based on the characteristics of heat transfer for corrugated pipe,a method of calculating and design on the submersible corrugated pipe sewage heat exchanger was put forward theoretically and experimentally.The actual movement parameters of air-conditioning system used in this heat exchanger were measured.The experimental result shows that the quantity of heat transfer of the corrugated pipe sewage heat exchanger can satisfy the building's load with the average coefficient of performance 4.55.At the same time,the quantity of heat transfer of the corrugated pipe sewage heat exchanger was compared with that of the other nonmetallic sewage heat exchangers(i.e.,the plastic-Al pipe sewage heat exchanger and PP-R pipe sewage heat exchanger)experimentally.It is found out that the effect of heat transfer for submersible corrugated pipe sewage heat exchanger is superior to those of the plastic-Al pipe and the PP-R pipe.The quantity of heat transfer per mile of corrugated pipe sewage heat exchanger is 5.2 times as much as that of the plastic-Al pipe,and it is 8.1 times as much as that of PP-R pipe.

Performance of an R410a Filled Loop Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger

A simple theoretical model of a heat pipe heat exchanger （HPHE） based on the ε-NTU method is presented. An iterative computer program was developed to predict the overall effectiveness of a counter-flow air-air loop heat pipe heat exchanger （LHPHE）. A thermal resistance network approach for a single thermosyphon was first considered to determine the overall heat transfer coefficients and the NTU＇s for the evaporator and condenser sections. The model incorporated previously determined evaporating and condensing coefficients. The overall effectiveness of the 6, 4 and 2 row LHPHE was then predicted. The theoretical overall effectiveness was compared with experimental data obtained from a R410a filled LHPHE. The experimental overall effectiveness results compared very well with the simulated values, The results showed that the 6 row arrangement performed better than the 4 or 2 row arrangement in the experiment.

The Current Situation of the Study on Twisted Tape Inserts in Pipe Exchangers

Heat transfer enhancement is used in many applications including heat exchangers, air conditioning, and refrigeration systems; hence many researchers have conducted experimental and numerical researches on heat transfer enhancement and have developed various techniques and methods. As a passive heat transfer technique, twisted tapes are widely used in various industries for their cost savings, lower maintenance requirements and the fact that they are easily set up. This paper introduces the principle of heat transfer enhancement of twisted tapes and reviews some of the experimental works done by researchers on this technique in recent years. The variously modified twisted tape inserts are widely researched and used to enhance heat transfer efficiency for heat exchangers. Twisted tapes perform better in low Re conditions and in square tubes. However, they could also cause higher pressure drops. Twisted tapes have great potential and profound implications if they can be used in traditional heat exchangers. Besides this, some correlations between the Nusselt number and friction factors are presented in this paper.

Research on Performance of Ground-Source Heat Pump Double U Underground Pipe Heat Exchange

This paper uses FLUENT software building the three-dimensional unsteady state model of ground source heat pump single U and double U underground pipe to study on heat exchange of underground pipe system in the condition of unsteady state long-term continuous running, analyzes the change of soil temperature filed around underground pipe and performance of underground pipe heat exchange between single U and double U pipe system. The results show that double U pipe system is better than single U system, which can improve unit depth heat exchange efficiency, reduce the number of wells and reduce the initial investment.

Experimental study on heat exchange of several types of exchangers

Aiming at the ground-coupled source heat pump that possesses the shortcomings of occupying larger land,this article studies the heat exchanged of heat exchanger in piling,and compares it with common heat exchangers buried directly. The result indicates that the heat exchanger makes the best use of structure of building,saves land,reduces the construction cost,and the heat exchanged is obviously more than exchangers buried directly. In winter condition,when W-shape pipe heat exchanger in pile foundation is 50 m deep and diameter is 800 mm,it transfers 1.2-1.3 times as large as the one of single U-shape buried directly at the flow rate of 0.6 m/s,whose borehole diameter is 300 mm. And in summer condition it does about 2.0-2.3 times as that of U-shape one.

基于钎焊工艺的环路热管耦合系统设计及验证

随着航天技术的发展,航天器的功能集成度提升,对系统散热要求越来越高。环路热管作为一种两相态高效传热部件,具备远距离、逆重力、布局灵活等特点,常应用于单一热源下的定向热量传输;对于多点热源的复杂环境,环路热管系统稳定性差,一般很难适应。针对复杂空间热流下多点分散热源的散热需求,设计了一种基于钎焊工艺的环路热管强耦合热管理系统,对关键耦合参数进行了敏感性分析,并开展了相关试验,验证了界面低热阻、强耦合等关键技术的可行性,提升平台散热能力达52%。环路热管实现了在陆地探测四号01星载荷舱上的应用,为国际首次在平台系统的大规模应用,载荷舱散热能力由4 kW提升到6 kW,为大功率固态放大器提供0~20℃在轨温度环境。环路热管突破了在平台应用的约束限制,为后续环路热管的热耦合系统设计提供借鉴。

线性套管式换热器分段传热算法研究

线性套管式换热器可用于化工装置中工艺气的冷却。线型套管式换热设备长径比大,工艺气为多种气体混合物,在降温过程中物性参数变化幅度大,换热器的整体传热特性计算准确度不高。本文主要介绍线性套管式换热器分段传热算法,并依据实际工程进行验证,该算法的符合性较好,可为今后类似工况换热器的设计提供参考。

深层埋管换热技术研究热点与发展趋势分析

为动态分析深层埋管换热领域研究热点与前沿发展趋势,运用可视化知识图谱分析软件,将近23年CNKI和WOS数据库中与深层埋管研究相关的学术性文献作为数据源,分别从发文量、国际核心机构和关键词等进行文献计量与内容分析,解析该领域的研究热点和前沿分析。研究结果表明:2000年以来深层埋管研究领域的文献发文量逐步上升,核心作者及机构之间的合作仅为单线或团队内部之间,跨机构之间较少;研究热点和趋势具有阶段性特征,不同阶段的研究重点不同。随着地热能+、“双碳”目标和“十四五”可再生能源发展规划等一系列战略决策及清洁能源高效利用理念的提出,深层埋管换热领域的研究热点更聚焦于交叉学科的渗透和技术方法的创新,国内深层埋管换热技术未来的发展趋势表现为开采技术突破、换热器类型及材质方面的创新与探索、研究方法优化和外扩中深层地热、综合效益评价等新的研究方向,国外则侧重于换热性能、热泵系统、深层埋管换热器和数值模拟等方向。相关数据可为深层埋管换热技术相关学者的研究工作提供借鉴。

中深层地热地埋管管群换热性能模拟和布置优化

在中深层地热地埋管(DBHE)供热技术应用中,主要使用多个地埋管构成管群为建筑供暖。为了研究中深层同轴地埋管管群换热性能,本文基于西安市西咸新区典型地质分布,构建了中深层同轴地埋管管群数值模型,研究了不同间距、不同分布下各地埋管换热器间热交互作用以及长期取热期水温衰减规律。结果表明,多井集群供暖过程中周围岩土所形成的“冷堆积”现象是导致地埋管集群供暖能力逐年下降的主要原因;当地埋管间距从5m增至25m,平均出口水温和取热功率分别提升3.86%和11.5%;在西咸新区典型地质条件分布下,地埋管间间距应保持在15m以上;本文提出的四种管群分布中,地埋管呈直线分布时各地埋管出口水温和取热功率衰减最小,其中心地埋管出口水温仅衰减5.74%。在工程设计中,中深层地埋管管群应尽可能直线排布,避免重叠排布。

陕北地区中深层同轴地埋管取热性能影响因素分析及优化

中深层同轴地埋管地热供热技术在我国北方城镇供热领域兴起并广泛应用。陕北地区地热资源丰富,但地温梯度略低且岩土热物性参数特性不同,地质参数影响中深层同轴地埋管的取热性能。采用OpenGeoSys开源数值模拟平台建立三维中深层同轴地埋管耦合地层传热计算模型,并基于陕北地区典型地质参数,研究不同设计参数对中深层同轴地埋管取热性能的影响及全生命周期技术经济性,优选出地热工程最佳工艺参数。结果表明,中深层同轴地埋管的外管径与埋深增大均能提升取热能力。相较于外管径,埋深对取热能力的提升效果更为显著,埋深从2 500 m增加到3 500 m,取热量增加了77.3%。依据工程实践,当外管外径×厚度大于177.80 mm×9.19 mm时所对应的平均能源成本因其钻井成本陡增而增大。在给定工况参数下,推荐中深层同轴地埋管的最佳外管外径×厚度为177.80 mm×9.19 mm,埋深为3 200 m,此时平均能源成本为0.524元/(kW·h),经济效益最优。

地埋管换热系统改造项目关键技术节点施工工艺研究

天津某管业公司建筑原采用常压燃气热水锅炉供热和分体式空调供冷,现拟以浅层地热能为基础能源对原供热制冷系统进行改造,施工前首先通过现场岩土热响应试验、地下管线探测等查明施工场地岩土体结构和换热能力,掌握地下综合管线的分布,并对建筑单位冷热负荷指标校正。重点阐述地埋管换热系统施工过程的关键技术节点,即竖直换热孔钻进、下管、回填及水平管线连接等,为类似改造项目提供参考。

竖进平出型地埋管群换热器结构与控制优化

【目的】为提高浅层地热能利用效率,亟须对影响地源热泵系统性能的地埋管换热器结构和控制开展优化设计。【方法】建立了一种竖进平出型地埋管群换热器模型,研究其换热系统性能,探究其最佳结构及运行方式。【结果】管群布置横纵比越低,单位面积换热量越大,横纵比超过0.15后对系统影响较小;换热器间距越小,土壤利用率越高,但热短路损失越大;双列双出型埋管每延米换热量相较于双列单出型结构提升7%以上;负荷较大工况下叉排布置结构的换热效果更好;整个夏季优化结构的平均出口温度下降2.28℃,换热器周围土壤温度下降1℃以上;实际运行过程中应优先考虑采用流速随负荷变化控制模式。【结论】研究结果可为地源热泵换热器的设计、制造提供理论依据。

热管换热器间距对相变充填体蓄释热性能的影响

为了高效利用高温矿井的地热资源,解决高温环境对开采过程的影响,建立了热管-相变充填体矿井地热开采系统三维非稳态传热数值模型,研究了热管换热器与围岩布置间距对系统温度、相变材料液相分数、循环冷却水温度以及系统蓄热量、释热量的影响。结果表明:热管距离围岩越近,蓄热阶段相变材料熔化越快,蓄/释热共存阶段相变材料凝固越慢;随着热管与围岩间距的减小,热管冷凝端循环冷却水的出口温度和进出口温差增大,当热管与围岩间距从95 mm减小至20 mm时,系统稳定运行时冷却水进出口温差将由2.50 K增大至4.97 K;蓄热阶段,系统蓄热量随时间推移先逐渐增大,后维持恒定不变,蓄/释热共存阶段,系统释热量将以先逐渐减小,后恒定不变的速率持续增大;当热管与围岩布置间距由95 mm减小到20 mm时,系统总蓄热量提高72.89%,系统释热量提高91.10%,系统能效系数由81.71%增大到90.32%。研究结果可为热管-相变材料耦合系统在矿井地热高效开采与利用方面提供理论依据和技术指导。