Hydro-geochemistry of groundwater and surface water in Dschang town(West Cameroon):Alkali and alkaline-earth elements ascertain lithological and anthropogenic constraints

The study aims to identify a suitable site for open and bore well in a farmhouseusing ground magnetic survey in south India.It also aims to define depth to granitoid and structural elements which traverse the selected area.Magnetic data(n=84)measured,processed and interpreted as qualitative and quantitatively.The results of total magnetic intensities indicate that the area is composed of linear magnetic lows trending NE-SW direction and circular to semi-circular causative bodies.The magnetic values ranged from-137 nT to 2345 nT with a mean of 465 nT.Reduction to equator shows significant shifting of causative bodies in the southern and northern directions.Analytical signal map shows exact boundary of granitic bodies.Cosine directional filter has brought out structural element trending NE-SW direction.Results of individual profile brought to light structurally weak zone between 90 m and 100 m in all the profile lines.Sudden decrease of magnetic values from 2042 nT to 126 nT noticed in profile line 6 between 20 m and 30 m indicates fault occurrence.Magnetic breaks obtained from these maps were visualized,interpreted and identified two suitable sites for open and bore well.Radially averaged power spectrum estimates depth of shallow and deep sources in 5 m and 50 m,respectively.Euler method has also been applied to estimate depth of granitoid and structural elements using structural indexes 0,1,2,and 3 and found depth ranges from<10 m to>90 m.Study indicates magnetic method is one of the geophysical methods suitable for groundwater exploration and site selection for open and borewells.

Hydrochemical insights on the signatures and genesis of water resources in a high-altitude city on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, South-west China

Water resources have crucial implications for the steady development of the urban social economy.This study investigated the hydrochemical signatures and genesis of water resources in the urban area of Lhasa City(UALC).To this end,several analyses,such as ion ratio analysis and correlation analysis,were performed by comprehensively applying mathematical statistics and integrated hydrochemical methods.The results show relatively low concentrations of major ions in the groundwater and surface water(GSW)of the UALC.The primary anions and cations are HCO3-and Ca2+,reflecting the HCOg-Ca water type.Nevertheless,groundwater exhibits higher concentrations of key chemical components compared to surface water.GsW are weakly alkaline,with pH values of 7.78 and 7.61,respectively,and they have low salinity with average concentrations of total dissolved solids being 190.74 and 112.17 mg/L,respectively.Anthropogenic inputs have minimal influence on the hydrochemical features of GSw,whereas rock weathering is the dominant controlling factor.Furthermore,cation exchange.is a significant hydrogeochemical.process influencing their hydrochemical features.According to the isotope analysis(H and 180),the primary source of recharge for GSW is atmospheric precipitation,with some input from melted ice and snow.Moreover,GSW samples from the UALC show relatively similar 2H and 18O isotopic compositions,indicating the existence of a discernible hydraulic connection linking the two water sources.The research findings can serve as a valuable scientific reference and foundation for the sustainable development,effective utilization,and proper safeguarding of regional water resources in high-altitude areas.