A Study on the Chess Culture of Ethnic Minority Groups in Gansu Province

As a region inhabited by large populations of ethnic minority groups, Gansu province boasts rich ethnic cultural resources which reflect traditional culture and intangible cultural heritage that had taken shape thousands of years ago. Among these are various ethnic folk chess games. They are time-honored with many types such as the “Fang” chess of the Hui ethnic group, the “Jiu” chess of the Tibetans, the “King and Ministers” chess, the Mongolian chess, the Mongolian military chess, etc. These games embody distinctive ethnic and regional characteristics, as well as the cultural elements of a particular ethnic minority group. It is of great significance, therefore, to study the ethnic chess by collecting, documenting and comparing different types of related chess. The paper explores ways to standardize, protect and promote them scientifically in joint efforts, and draws a conclusion that examining their significance in the present era and the ethnic characteristics is the key to understanding the profound culture behind the chess.

Cost analysis of radical resection of malignant breast tumors under the China Healthcare Security Diagnosis Related Groups payment system

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women worldwide and poses a severe threat to their health.Therefore,this study examined patients who underwent breast cancer surgery,analyzed hospitalization costs and structure,and explored the impact of China Healthcare Security Diagnosis Related Groups(CHS-DRG)management on patient costs.It aimed to provide medical institutions with ways to reduce costs,optimize cost structures,reduce patient burden,and improve service efficiency.AIM To study the CHS-DRG payment system’s impact on breast cancer surgery costs.METHODS Using the CHS-DRG(version 1.1)grouping criteria,4073 patients,who underwent the radical resection of breast malignant tumors from January to December 2023,were included in the JA29 group;1028 patients were part of the CHS-DRG payment system,unlike the rest.Through an independent sample t-test,the length of hospital stay as well as total hospitalization,medicine and consumables,medical,nursing,medical technology,and management expenses were compared.Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to test the cost correlation.RESULTS In terms of hospitalization expenses,patients in the CHS-DRG payment group had lower medical,nursing,and management expenses than those in the diagnosis-related group(DRG)non-payment group.For patients in the DRG payment group,the factors affecting the total hospitalization cost,in descending order of relevance,were medicine and consumable costs,consumable costs,medicine costs,medical costs,medical technology costs,management costs,nursing costs,and length of hospital stay.For patients in the DRG nonpayment group,the factors affecting the total hospitalization expenses in descending order of relevance were medicines and consumable expenses,consumable expenses,medical technology expenses,the cost of medicines,medical expenses,nursing expenses,length of hospital stay,and management expenses.CONCLUSION The CHS-DRG system can help control and reduce unnecessary medical expenses by controlling medicine costs,medical consumable costs,and the length of hospital stay while ensuring medical safety.

Survival prognostic analysis of laparoscopic D2 radical resection for locally advanced gastric cancer: A multicenter cohort study

BACKGROUND With the development of minimally invasive surgical techniques,the use of laparoscopic D2 radical surgery for the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer(GC)has gradually increased.However,the effect of this procedure on survival and prognosis remains controversial.This study evaluated the survival and prognosis of patients receiving laparoscopic D2 radical resection for the treatment of locally advanced GC to provide more reliable clinical evidence,guide clinical decision-making,optimize treatment strategies,and improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed.Clinicopathological data from 652 patients with locally advanced GC in our hospitals from December 2013 to December 2023 were collected.There were 442 males and 210 females.The mean age was 57±12 years.All patients underwent a laparoscopic D2 radical operation for distal GC.The patients were followed up in the outpatient department and by telephone to determine their tumor recurrence,metastasis,and survival.The follow-up period ended in December 2023.Normally distributed data are expressed as the mean±SD,and normally distributed data are expressed as M(Q1,Q3)or M(range).Statistical data are expressed as absolute numbers or percentages;theχ^(2) test was used for comparisons between groups,and the Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test was used for comparisons of rank data.The life table method was used to calculate the survival rate,the Kaplan-Meier method was used to construct survival curves,the log rank test was used for survival analysis,and the Cox risk regression model was used for univariate and multifactor analysis.RESULTS The median overall survival(OS)time for the 652 patients was 81 months,with a 10-year OS rate of 46.1%.Patients with TNM stages II and III had 10-year OS rates of 59.6%and 37.5%,respectively,which were significantly different(P<0.05).Univariate analysis indicated that factors such as age,maximum tumor diameter,tumor diffe-rentiation grade(low to undifferentiated),pathological TNM stage,pathological T stage,pathological N stage(N2,N3),and postoperative chemotherapy significantly influenced the 10-year OS rate for patients with locally advanced GC following laparoscopic D2 radical resection for distal stomach cancer[hazard ratio(HR):1.45,1.64,1.45,1.64,1.37,2.05,1.30,1.68,3.08,and 0.56 with confidence intervals(CIs)of 1.15-1.84,1.32-2.03,1.05-1.77,1.62-2.59,1.05-1.61,1.17-2.42,2.15-4.41,and 0.44-0.70,respectively;P<0.05].Multifactor analysis revealed that a tumor diameter greater than 4 cm,low tumor differentiation,and pathological TNM stage III were independent risk factors for the 10-year OS rate in these patients(HR:1.48,1.44,1.81 with a 95%CI:1.19-1.84).Additionally,postoperative chemotherapy emerged as an independent protective factor for the 10-year OS rate(HR:0.57,95%CI:0.45-0.73;P<0.05).CONCLUSION A maximum tumor diameter exceeding 4 cm,low tumor differentiation,and pathological TNM stage III were identified as independent risk factors for the 10-year OS rate in patients with locally advanced GC following laparoscopic D2 radical resection for distal GC.Conversely,postoperative chemotherapy was found to be an independent protective factor for the 10-year OS rate in these patients.

Surgical treatment of liver cancer and pancreatic cancer under the China Healthcare Security Diagnosis Related Groups payment system

BACKGROUND Data from the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer reported that China had the highest prevalence of cancer and cancer deaths in 2022.Liver and pancreatic cancers accounted for the highest number of new cases.Real-world data(RWD)is now widely preferred to traditional clinical trials in various fields of medicine and healthcare,as the traditional research approach often involves highly selected populations and interventions and controls that are strictly regulated.Additionally,research results from the RWD match global reality better than those from traditional clinical trials.AIM To analyze the cost disparity between surgical treatments for liver and pancreatic cancer under various factors.METHODS This study analyzed RWD 1137 cases within the HB1 group(patients who underwent pancreatectomy,hepatectomy,and/or shunt surgery)in 2023.It distinguished different expenditure categories,including medical,nursing,technical,management,drug,and consumable costs.Additionally,it assessed the contribution of each expenditure category to total hospital costs and performed cross-group comparisons using the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test.This study used the Steel–Dwass test for post-hoc multiple comparisons and the Spearman correlation coefficient to examine the relationships between variables.RESULTS The study found that in HB11 and HB13,the total hospitalization costs were significantly higher for pancreaticoduodenectomy than for pancreatectomy and hepatectomy.Although no significant difference was observed in the length of hospital stay between patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy and pancreatectomy,both were significantly longer than those who underwent liver resection.In HB15,no significant difference was observed in the total cost of hospitalization between pancreaticoduodenectomy and pancreatectomy;however,both were significantly higher than those in hepatectomy.Additionally,the length of hospital stay was significantly longer for patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy than for those who underwent pancreatectomy or liver resection.CONCLUSION China Healthcare Security Diagnosis Related Groups payment system positively impacts liver and pancreatic cancer surgeries by improving medical quality and controlling costs.Further research could refine this grouping system and ensure continuous effectiveness and sustainability.

Applying the Teaching Strategy of Co-operative Learning to ELT

This article focuses on a brief introduction of the teaching strategies of Co-operative Learning(CL). Some of the strategies are chosen to make certain changes in ELT field. It is proved that the Teaching Strategy of CL can be applied in ELT, which makes the classroom teaching more efficient and arose learners’ interests. The Teaching Strategy of CL can help students improve their ability of learning and problem solving. It is a new breakthrough to the traditional teaching model.

Group Investigation in a College English Program at a Chinese University:A Case Study

This study investigated the application and the effect of Group Investigation(GI) in the College English Program in a Chinese University. A qualitative case study method was used to understand the GI system used by Chinese instructors as well as the achievements acquired and challenges met by the participants. Three instructors and fifteen second-year-undergraduates taking a course titled Sources of European Culture participated. Interviews, observations, and documents were used to collect the data. Data analysis showed Chinese instructors applied a GI technique similar to that discussed by Johnson and Johnson(1999); however, GI in the Chinese context demanded more effort from the teacher for designing tasks and provided help in modeling uses of English and in preparing visual, especially Power Point, presentations. Although participants used their mother tongue at some stages, their autonomy over English learning was activated, and horizons in the course content were broadened.

基于GROUP STUDY的《资产评估》多元教学法研究

近年来,很多高校在传统资产评估课程的教学中引入了案例,但大多案例是事先组织和规划好的,使得资产评估的案例教学变成了单纯的计算和解答,忽略了对学生实践能力的培养。本文在分析传统教学方法不足的基础上,提出了基于GROUP STUDY的《资产评估》多元教学法,详细分析了基于GROUP STUDY的《资产评估》多元教学法的构成。得出采用该方法后,学生的缺课率明显降低、课堂热情和参与度明显提高、成绩的区分度明显改善、综合能力大大提高等结论。该研究为应用性专业课程的教学提供了新的思路。

STUDY GROUP在中国

<正>一、什么是STUDY GROUP STUDY GROUP是牛津大学的A.B.Tayler博士和当时他的学生J.Ockendon等人在1968年创立的,它的原名是Oxford Study Group with Industry。这种活动历时一周,是由数学工作者和工业界人士参加的旨在解决实际问题的研讨会。在研讨会的第一天,由工业界代表陈述要解决的问题和目的要求,通常会有5~6个问题。后续2~3天按问题分组讨论,试图建立问题的数学模型和求解方法来解决问题。

Association of ABO blood groups with the severity of coronary artery disease: a cross-sectional study

Objective To investigate whether ABO blood groups is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease(CAD). Methods Between January 2015 and December 2017, 1425 first diagnosed CAD patients confirmed by selective coronary angiography were recruited into this cross-sectional study, and their baseline characteristics, ABO blood groups, Gensini score were collected. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to test the association between the severity of CAD and ABO blood groups. Results The Gensini score was significantly higher in the blood group A than in the non-A groups(41.2 ± 32 vs. 38 ± 27;P = 0.026). After adjusting for age, male, smoking, family history of CAD, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia, multivariate linear regression indicated that blood group A was associated with the severity of CAD(β= 3.298, 95% CI: 0.91–6.505, P = 0.044). In diabetes group, A blood type was also associated with increased Gensini score(P = 0.02) after adjusting for age, male, family history of CAD, hypercholesterolemia, smoking and hypertension. Conclusion In this cross-sectional study, the data indicated that blood group A was an independent risk factor of severity of CAD in Chinese population and Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Large Cohort Data Based Group or Community Disease Prevention Design Strategy: Strong Heart Study

Background and Objective: A multitude of large cohort studies have data on incidence rates and predictors of various chronic diseases. However, approaches for utilization of these costly collected data and translation of these?valuable results to inform and guide clinical disease prevention practice are?not well developed. In this paper we proposed a novel conceptual group/community disease prevention design strategy based on large cohort study data. Methods and Results: The data from participants (n = 3516;2056 women) aged 45 to 74 years and the diabetes risk prediction model from Strong Heart Study were used. The Strong Heart Study is a population-based cohort study of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in American Indians. A conceptual group/community disease prevention design strategy based on large cohort data was initiated. The application of the proposed strategy for group diabetes prevention was illustrated. Discussion: The strategy may provide reasonable solutions to the prevention design issues. These issues include complex associations of a disease with its combined and correlated risk factors, individual differences, choosing intervention risk factors and setting their appropriate, attainable, gradual and adaptive goal levels for different subgroups, and assessing effectiveness of the prevention program. Conclusions: The strategy and methods shown in the illustration example can be analogously adopted and applied for other diseases preventions. The proposed strategy for a target group/community in a population provides a way to translate and apply epidemiological study results to clinical disease prevention practice.

Autonomous Unbiased Study Group Formation Algorithm for Rapid Knowledge Propagation

Knowledge propagation is a necessity,both in academics and in the industry.The focus of this work is on how to achieve rapid knowledge propaga-tion using collaborative study groups.The practice of knowledge sharing in study groupsfinds relevance in conferences,workshops,and class rooms.Unfortu-nately,there appears to be only few researches on empirical best practices and techniques on study groups formation,especially for achieving rapid knowledge propagation.This work bridges this gap by presenting a workflow driven compu-tational algorithm for autonomous and unbiased formation of study groups.The system workflow consists of a chronology of stages,each made of distinct steps.Two of the most important steps,subsumed within the algorithmic stage,are the algorithms that resolve the decisional problem of number of study groups to be formed,as well as the most effective permutation of the study group participants to form collaborative pairs.This work contributes a number of new algorithmic concepts,such as autonomous and unbiased matching,exhaustive multiplication technique,twisted round-robin transversal,equilibrium summation,among others.The concept of autonomous and unbiased matching is centered on the constitution of study groups and pairs purely based on the participants’performances in an examination,rather than through any external process.As part of practical demon-stration of this work,study group formation as well as unbiased pairing were fully demonstrated for a collaborative learning size of forty(40)participants,and partially for study groups of 50,60 and 80 participants.The quantitative proof of this work was done through the technique called equilibrium summation,as well as the calculation of inter-study group Pearson Correlation Coefficients,which resulted in values higher than 0.9 in all cases.Real life experimentation was carried out while teaching Object-Oriented Programming to forty(40)under-graduates between February and May 2021.Empirical result showed that the per-formance of the learners was improved appreciably.This work will therefore be of immense benefit to the industry,academics and research community involved in collaborative learning.

Study on fishery biology features of spawning group of Pseudopleuronectes yokamae(Gunther) in the Sheath Bay

Pseudopleuronectes yokamae (Günther) is one of the most important economic fish species in the genus living specially in the northwest Pacific, and is distributed in the southern area of the far east sea of Russia, Japan, Korea, the Huanghai Sea, the Bohai Sea and the northern area of the East China Sea. Usually they live in nearshore waters of these areas as geographic subpopulations. P. yokamae in the Sheath Bay belongs to a local group of the Huanghai-Bohai Sea subpopulation and is distributed in the mouth and adjacent waters of the bay all the year round, and the catch of its spawning group has

Studies on the Total Synthesis of Hainanolide(Ⅳ)-Revising the Stereochemistry of C_(2α)-H and Introducing the Two Hydroxy Groups at C_(3β),C_(4α) Positions

Tricyclic compound 6 was synthesized form compound 1 through sis steps, thus preblem of the stereochemistry of C2α-H being solved. The stereochemistry for introducing hydroxy groups at C3β and C4α positions in compound 1 was also described.

The Roadmap for Lenovo to Go Global——A Case study of Lenovo Group Strategies

I.Lenovo: refocus on PC operation On December 8th, 2004, Lenovo consummated a deal with IBM whereby Lenovo was to acquire IBM’s desktop and laptop PC unit and its R&D and procurement operations worldwide for the sum of US$1.25 billion. On May 1st 2005, Lenovo completed its acquisition of IBM’s PC Unit. "Using an analogy, our enterprise is well likened to a tortoise but our foreign competitor is more like a rabbit. Instead of racing against the rabbit heads-on, we would rather ride on its back and let it carry us forward," said former Lenovo Chairman Liu Chuanzhi.

ZTE Joins Global IT Leaders on Cloud Computing Standards Study Group

ZTE Corporation announced on 1 March that it will join global information technology leaders in a cloud computing standards study group.

An Investigation of Samoan Student Experiences in Two Homework Study Groups in Melbourne

This research examines Samoan student experiences in two Homework Study Groups （HSGs） in Melbourne using a researcher-practitioner approach. It highlights that school teachers need to acknowledge students＇ preferred learning methods, especially those of minority backgrounds like the Samoan participants in this investigation. A detailed exploration of the experiences of students in two HSGs finds that while students and their families place a high priority on learning, their cultural practices are not compatible with standard Western learning approaches. The HSGs provided a social space in which students could ask the teacher questions without fear of appearing foolish, in which they could apply themselves to study. It provided a physical study space away from the demands some Samoan families place on their young people, and it provided a cultural space in which the students could learn according to fa＇aSamoa （traditional values and beliefs）. This research makes a contribution to an understanding of the motivations of Melbourne-based Samoan students to learn, of what concerns them, and of impediments to their educational success. It also offers insight into the benefits that set up a specific space for students offers, when its specific intent is influencing the merging of Samoan and Western ideas to further learning.

如何举办一次成功的Study Group——以2012工业与应用数学国际研讨会为例

作为数学工作者和产业界专业人士共同探讨实际问题的数学建模及其解决方案的一种国际合作形式,诞生40多年的Study Group with Industry(工业与应用数学国际研讨会)活动遍及世界各大洲,为数学工作者参与高技术领域的创新、产业部门发现和培养高素质人才提供了有效的平台。在中国科学院院士李大潜、英国皇家学会会员(Fellow)J.Ockendon的大力推动下,这项活动在中国的影响力正在逐步扩大[1]。

中国县级领导班子群体特征研究——基于东西部比较分析

面对东西部发展存在的巨大差距,西部地区必须全面提升发展质量,而这离不开作为地区发展“领头羊”的领导班子的引领和推动。现有文献对于领导干部群体特征以及配置结构进行了深入的归纳和探讨,但也有必要比较区域间领导干部整体水平的差异并分析其潜在原因,据此对症下药。比较东西部领导班子的群体特征,对于西部地区领导干部的培养、选拔有一定参考价值。论文运用高层梯队理论,采用分层抽样的方法,在广东省、天津市、陕西省、重庆市获得562名县级党政领导班子的履历信息,从人口统计学特征、教育背景、职业发展经历三个维度进行分析,对比研究东西部地区县级党政领导班子群体特征的共性和差异。本研究利用EXCEL对县级领导班子特征各个指标的变量进行统计分析,通过均值、标准差等数据展示变量的分布结构和特征;利用SPSS21.0对东西部县级领导班子的差异性特征进行分组,通过t检验、卡方检验等呈现数据间的差异性。研究表明,东西部党政领导班子在性别、民族、政治面貌、教育背景等方面呈现出相似的特征,但在籍贯来源、年龄、任职经历、晋升路径等方面呈现出显著差异,西部地区县级领导班子年龄分布呈现“两头多,中间少”、籍贯结构“本地多,外地少”、教育背景“偏人文,轻理工”、“任职经历单一,工作经验同质性高”、自下而上晋升比例更低等明显特征。针对分析结果,建议西部县级党政领导班子要着重加强领导班子协同效能建设、优化领导班子干部队伍结构、完善现代干部任用选拔机制,以及进一步强化领导干部的交流制度。

基于动态能力视角的品牌生态圈形成过程机制研究——以仁和集团为例

在数字经济时代,品牌生态圈的构建为品牌可持续发展提供了强大支撑,但对其形成过程的内在机理研究不足。基于动态能力视角,选取仁和集团作为研究对象,通过纵向解构其多年品牌发展历程,总结品牌生态圈的形成过程机制。研究发现:(1)品牌生态圈本质上是一个以核心品牌企业为中心、以数字技术平台为基础的产业链体系完整、多方利益相关者紧密合作、品牌族群协同发展的闭环开放生态系统;(2)品牌生态圈的形成过程会出现“点—线—面”即“品牌核心圈培育(市场破局)—品牌产业圈发展(产业链整合)—品牌生态圈形成(价值共创)”的成长特征;(3)在品牌生态圈形成过程中,企业的动态能力呈现出“市场破局能力—产业链整合能力—价值共创能力”等从低阶能力向高阶能力的演变。最终形成的理论框架可为数字经济时代企业品牌生态圈的构建提供一定的参考。