Teaching Reform and Practice of Plant Growth Environment Course in the Context of Application Transformation Development

Through the personnel training program,revising the syllabus,optimizing teaching contents,reforming teaching methods,strengthening practical teaching links and reforming examination methods,this paper explored the teaching reform and practice of Plant Growth Environment Course,in order to improve the teaching effect,stimulate learning interests of students,and cultivate application type talents meeting social demands.

A pressure-calibration method of wavelength modulation spectroscopy in sealed microbial growth environment

A new pressure-calibration method for calibrating the reduction of second harmonic(2f)amplitude caused by pressure broadening effect in sealed microbial growth environment is present.The new method combines with linewidth compensation and modulation depth compensation and makes the 2f amplitude accurately retrieve metabolic CO_(2) in microbial growth.In order to verify the method,a simulation experiment is developed,in which the increasing CO_(2) concentration leads to the increasing pressure.Comparing with the relation between the traditional 2f amplitude and gas concentration,there is a monotonous relation between the calibrated 2f amplitude and CO_(2) concentration,particularly,a linear relation is present when the CO_(2) concentration is replaced with the CO_(2) particle number.In terms of microbial measurement,the growth of Escherichia coli is measured,and the culture bottle is sealed during the microbial growth process.The experimental results show that,comparing to the microbial growth retrieved by traditional 2f amplitude,the calibrated 2f amplitude can accurately retrieve microbial growth in sealed environment.

Effects of environmental factors on seedling growth and anthocyanin content in Betula ‘Royal Frost’ leaves

Determining the influences of environmental factors on seedling growth and leaf color may improve our understanding of the chromogenic mechanisms in leaves and the biosynthesis of anthocyanin. To determine the optimum conditions for Betula 'Royal Frost' seedling cultivation, we assessed seedling growth and anthocyanin content under natural conditions. The temperature had a significant influence on height but not on radial growth. Between June and September, the anthocyanin content was significantly positively correlated with light intensity and air moisture and significantly negatively correlated with temperature. In single-factor experiments to determine the variation in anthocyanin content in the greenhouse, anthocyanin content increased with increasing soil water content and at first increased, then decreased with increasing pH of the irrigation water and temperature, but decreased with increasing light intensity. K2SO4 can increase the anthocyanin content. So to maintain leaf color, seedlings should be cultivated with < 200 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) light intensity at 20 A degrees C and soil moisture content between 60 and 90%, and the irrigation water should be neutral or alkaline. Additionally, spraying with K2SO4 can be beneficial.

Population growth，economic growth，technology changes in relation to environmental changes──A theoretical modelling analysis of environmental changes

This paper mainly deals with the impact of three major factors , namely population growth,economic growth and technology changes, on the changes of environmental quality. It presents a curve ofenvironmental changes in relation to demographic transition and process of industrialization. It concludesthat a major way of improving environmental quality is to intensify pollution decreasing technical factorsand that control of population growth will also reduce the pressure on the environment.

Characteristics of Growth Rate of Coral Porites from Sanya Bay,Hainan Island and its Relationship to Environmental Variables

The time series of annual and seasonal growth rate of two coral Porites, collected at different sites of fringe reef in the Sanya Bay, Hainan Island have been obtained by analyzing X-radiograph of skeletal band. There are obvious seasonal variations of the growth rate in two corals, the average low rate in winter and the average high rate from spring to autumn. Compared with the time series of environmental variables, the coral growth rate is only correlated statistically with seawater temperature and not related to rainfall and sunshine. Furthermore, the growth rate in spring and summer is correlated directly with seawater temperature of the winter-early spring ( between December and March ) and the other seasonal growth rate has no relationship with seasonal variations of seawater temperature. We propose that seawater temperature is one of the factors affecting the coral growth rate in the area and the low seawater temperature is a primary control of the seasonal growth rate.

Environmental Pollution and Economic Growth in China: A Test of the Environmental Kuznets Curve

We apply a two pronged approach to analyze the presence of Environmental Kuznets Curve, EKC, in three types of emissions in the People’s Republic of China from 1994 to 2014: a structural breakpoint analysis and a model based test. We apply it to PM2.5, industrial waste and domestic water pollution time series, and find evidence of EKC in all three types of emissions that require appropriate policy.

Coupling coordination relationship of economic growth and environmental quality in Hebei Province

In accordance with the coupling coordination mechanism, the comprehensive evaluation index system was made for economy-environment system of Hebei province. The temporal evolution and spatial distribute were researched according to the coupling coordination degree model. The result showed that: During the years from 2003 to 2012 the development level of economy and environment subsystem improved gradually with high synchronization level. The coordination development degree was higher and higher for the whole province. Secondly, the economic level and coupling coordination degree both were signifi cantly different among 11 cities in Hebei province. By contrast, the environment benefi t and coordination development degree distributed evenly. Furthermore, the restrictive role of environment has emerged in the recent two years. Therefore, it is necessary to further change the economic growth pattern in Hebei province.

Economic Growth and Agro-environmental Fragility——Based on the Provincial Panel Data Analysis

The agro-environmental fragility of 31 provinces and regions (except Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan) of our country during the years 1978-2004 is measured by adopting the method of principal component analysis.With the support of analytical model of panel data,regressive analysis is achieved from the aspects of introducing regional differences,not introducing regional differences,existing industrial differences and not existing industrial differences respectively.The conclusion points out that there are both industrial and regional differences in the economic growth effect on the environmental fragility;these differences are reflected on the industrial or regional development levels.The higher the development level it is,the less the effect it is when the economic growth effect on the environmental fragility is negative,the more when the effect is positive,and it will change from being negative to positive when on the critical point;and vice versa.

Thailand's economic growth and structural development projections in the context of environmental control

Projections for 20 years of economic growth and change in the structure of the Thai economy were made for 180 sectors using a computable general equilibrium(CGE) model to compare the following four scenarios:(1) standard growth with infinite supply of factors,(2) finite land supply,(3) fixed use of agricultural chemicals,and(4) combined finite land supply with fixed use of agricultural chemicals.The computable projections suggest that the economic cost of hypothetical environmental control in agriculture is small and further weakened by urbanization.The computed structural development points to efficiency improvements specific to sectors to return the economy to balanced growth.

Double dividend of carbon intensity:environmental-quality improvement and sustainable economic growth

This paper established an equilibrium model including representative household,government,and eight industries,and two different environmental policy tools such as carbon intensity and carbon cap were added into the model.The paper points out that the carbon intensity policy imposed on major high-emission industries achieved double dividend of environmentalquality improvement and sustainable economic growth under the condition of proper constraint target.This result supports the environmental Porter hypothesis.This paper finds out that the double dividend is due to the fact that environmental governance policy leads to the rising price of resources and demand of labors,resulting in an effective redistribution of production factors among industries and sustainable economic growth.Furthermore,this paper estimates the marginal effect of economic structure on carbon emission and carbon intensity and provides targeted suggestions.

An empirical study on the relationship between Chinese environmental regulation and economic growth

To achieve sustainable and healthy economic development,it is necessary for Chinese government to regulate the environment.Therefore,it has important significance to study the relationship between environmental regulation and economic growth.This paper deals with the method of measuring the Chinese provincial panel data from 2010 to 2018 to carry on the empirical analysis.The results show that environmental regulation in the eastern region has no significant negative effect for economic growth,to the central and western regions is a significant role in promoting economic growth.Finally,this article puts forward targeted policy suggestions based on the research results.

Effect of Environmental Conditions on Tin (Sn) Whisker Growth

This research focuses on tin whisker growth under two different environmental conditions namely hygrothermal and a salt solution. Tin coated brass coupons were used for this study to analyze the growth of tin whiskers over time. Their growth rates were examined periodically using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The physical characteristics of the tin whiskers were identified for each environmental condition. It was discovered that submersion of tin coated brass substrates in 5% salt solution considerably increased the density (number of whiskers per unit area), and the length of the whiskers. In addition, it was found that the geometry and aspect ratio of tin whiskers were different for each environment.

冬季不同最小通风量模式对肉种鸡育雏育成期生长性能及环控能耗的影响

为研究冬季不同最小通风量模式对肉种鸡育雏育成期舍内环境、生长性能以及环控能耗的影响,试验测试了间歇式通风和连续式通风两种不同的最小通风量通风控制模式,分别比较了两种模式下鸡舍内主要环境质量参数、环控能耗、体重均匀度和抗体效价。结果显示:第一周,连续通风温度高于间歇通风(P>0.05),相对湿度显著低于间歇通风(P<0.05),二氧化碳浓度显著高于间歇通风模式(P<0.05),第2~10周,连续通风温度极显著高于间歇通风(P<0.01),相对湿度极显著低于间歇通风(P<0.01),二氧化碳浓度极显著高于间歇通风模式(P<0.01),同时连续通风鸡舍内环境参数波动度小于间歇通风;试验期间连续通风环控总能耗(7036.01 kW·h)低于间歇通风(7633.02 kW·h),并且连续通风种鸡体重均匀度优于间歇通风;H5N1亚型禽流感病毒抗体效价显著高于间歇通风(P<0.05),H7N9亚型禽流感病毒抗体效价极显著高于间歇通风(P<0.01)。研究表明,冬季肉种鸡育雏育成期采用连续通风的最小通风量模式对比间歇通风的最小通风量模式,可以获得更加稳定的舍内环境,雏鸡生长性能以及免疫效果更优,且能源消耗更少。

Differential Expression of Genes Related to Fruit Development and Capsaicinoids Synthesis in Habanero Pepper Plants Grown in Contrasting Soil Types

Habanero pepper(Capsicum chinense Jacq.)is a crop of economic relevance in the Peninsula of Yucatan.Its fruits have a high level of capsaicinoids compared to peppers grown in other regions of the world,which gives them industrial importance.Soil is an important factor that affects pepper development,nutritional quality,and capsaicinoid content.However,the effect of soil type on fruit development and capsaicinoid metabolism has been little understood.This work aimed to compare the effect of soils with contrasting characteristics,black soil(BS)and red soil(RS),on the expression of genes related to the development of fruits,and capsaicinoid synthesis using a transcriptomic analysis of the habanero pepper fruits.Plants growing in RS had bigger fruits and higher expression of genes related to floral development,fruit abscission,and softening which suggests that RS stimulates fruit development from early stages until maturation stages.Fruits from plants growing in BS had enrichment in metabolic pathways related to growth,sugars,and photosynthesis.Besides,these fruits had higher capsaicinoid accumulation at 25 days post-anthesis,and higher expression of genes related to the branched-chain amino acids metabolism(ketol-acid reductisomerase KARI),pentose phosphate pathway and production of NADPH(glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase G6PDH),and proteasome and vesicular traffic in cells(26S proteasome regulatory subunit T4 RPT4),which suggest that BS is better in the early stimulation of pathways related to the nutritional quality and capsaicinoid metabolism in the fruits.

中国出口经济利益与环境成本绩效评价

文章利用多区域投入产出模型并借助“贸易条件”概念,编制相对出口增加值率和出口隐含碳污染条件指数;构建出口经济利益-环境成本增长弹性系数,对中国通过出口获得的经济利益与付出的环境成本进行绩效评价。结果表明:加入世界贸易组织初期,中国总体出口经济利益处于有利地位,但此后呈现持续下滑态势;中国总体出口环境成本相对较大,但呈现相对改善态势;中国对贸易伙伴出口的经济利益与环境成本绩效总体呈现优化态势。

环境质量视角下收入差距对经济增长的影响研究——基于环境质量中介与门槛效应的实证分析

缩小收入差距,提升环境质量,实现经济可持续增长是推动我国新时期高质量发展的本质要求。基于2009—2020年中国30个省份的面板数据,运用动态面板模型、中介效应模型、动态门限面板模型实证研究了收入差距对经济增长的影响,以及环境质量在二者关系中所发挥的中介效应与门槛效应。研究结果表明:收入差距的扩大对经济增长有明显的抑制作用;环境质量在收入差距影响经济增长的过程中起到了部分中介作用与单重门槛效应,随着环境质量改善收入差距对经济增长呈现先促进后抑制的特征。政府应当积极通过缩小收入差距,优化环境质量与收入差距的匹配模式来促进经济增长,实现中国经济的可持续发展。

污染物胁迫及环境条件改变对拟南芥根系生长影响的研究进展

拟南芥生长周期短,基因组简单,对其根系的相关研究可为研究污染物和外界条件胁迫对其他植物的毒害作用及影响机制提供依据,污染物胁迫和环境条件的改变,都将会影响拟南芥根系的正常生长。因此,拟南芥根系在胁迫环境中所作出的应激反应和响应机制是至关重要的,相关研究已经取得一系列进展。本文分别从无机污染物、有机污染物、环境条件改变三个方面,综述了拟南芥根系发生的不同应激反应及其机制,发现拟南芥根系在面对不同胁迫环境时的响应不尽相同:1)较低浓度的金属离子会促进拟南芥根系的生长发育,反之,则会抑制根系的生长发育。2)有机污染物对拟南芥根系的影响普遍是抑制的,致使其主根长度降低,侧根数量减少。3)外界条件胁迫发生时则相对复杂,不同外界条件干扰拟南芥会发生不同的应激反应。

基于SFA方法的企业绿色创新效率分析

绿色创新效率是影响企业长期可持续发展的重要因素。本文通过构建超越对数生产函数的随机前沿模型,对中国企业2011~2022年的绿色创新效率进行了测算分析,并通过对全要素生产率(TFP)进行三重分解,探讨了绿色创新效率及其影响因素。研究表明:(1)环境关注和劳动投入是企业绿色创新效率提升的主要贡献者;(2)从全要素生产率(TFP)分解结构看,绿色创新效率提升主要来源于技术效率改进(TEC)和技术进步(TC),而规模效率(SC)的持续恶化却弱化了两者的作用;(3)异质性实证检验表明,西部地区的绿色创新效率最高,其次是东部,中部地区的绿色创新效率最弱,分行业检验结果则表明重污染行业效率高于非重污染行业,高科技行业高于非高科技行业。本文根据研究结论,提出相关政策建议。

商业关联和政治关联对科技型中小企业成长的影响

企业社会关联可能是影响科技型中小企业成长的一个关键因素。而已有关于商业关联、政治关联与企业成长之间关系的研究在对新创企业以外其他不同类型企业情境下的实证研究相对匮乏,也缺乏对环境动态性这一重要情景变量在企业网络关系与企业成长中的作用研究,此外考虑商业关联和政治关联之间的互动关系及其对企业成长影响的研究也不足。因此,以开放式创新理论与资源依赖观为基础,探讨商业关联和政治关联对科技型中小企业成长的影响机制,以及环境动态性在其中的调节效应。通过对282份来自中国科技型中小企业的有效调查问卷数据进行回归分析,结果显示:商业关联显著正向影响科技型中小企业成长,但不具有倒“U”型关系,认为主要原因是商业关联为科技型中小企业所带来的资源效益仍然高于建立与维系商业关联的投入成本和互惠陷阱;而政治关联对科技型中小企业成长产生倒“U”型影响,适度的政治关联有助于促进科技型中小企业成长,而当政治关联的强度超过一定临界值后,科技型中小企业的资源可能会更多地被投入到发展其他能力等方面,从而对企业成长产生消极作用;商业关联与政治关联的交互作用负向影响科技型中小企业成长;环境动态性负向调节商业关联对科技型中小企业成长的正向影响,即环境动态性越高,商业关联对科技型中小企业成长的促进作用越弱。为此,科技型中小企业必须谨慎使用政治关联,平衡商业关联与政治关联的强度,有效整合两种外部社会关联所带来的资源。

全球重要经济型枪乌贼科物种生活史特征研究进展

头足类是海洋生态系统的重要能量载体,枪乌贼科物种因其可塑的生活史特征在近岸生态系统的动态变化中快速适应。为了全面了解枪乌贼科物种生活史特征,本文以全球重要经济型枪乌贼科物种为研究对象,从种群结构、洄游路线、年龄生长、繁殖特性、摄食特性及其与环境因素关系等方面进行了归纳和总结。雄性采用不同繁殖策略与雌性进行交配,雌性卵的大小和繁殖力呈负相关;浮游幼体的体型决定个体的渐近生长,暖水期和冷水期孵化群体的生长策略是为了适应栖息环境的季节性变化而做出的生长响应;摄食种类随生长发育由低营养级向高营养级转变,鱼类幼体是其重要的饵料生物;在全球气候变化背景下,近岸枪乌贼科物种更能适应环境的变化。未来应对枪乌贼科物种的种群结构、洄游路线、生长敏感性、繁殖策略和生态特性等进一步开展研究,以期为近岸枪乌贼的合理开发和科学管理提供参考依据。