[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the growth and development and dry matter production and allocation of greenhouse tomato in North China. [Method] With tomato cultivar ＇Jinguo No.l＇ as the experimental ma...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the growth and development and dry matter production and allocation of greenhouse tomato in North China. [Method] With tomato cultivar ＇Jinguo No.l＇ as the experimental material, the ex- periments were conducted in a solar greenhouse located in Taigu, Shanxi （37o25＇ N, 112o25＇ E） from March to July, in 2014 and 2015. [Result] The plant height, leaf number, leaf area and dry matter production of greenhouse tomato increased lin- early with the increased days after transplantation, and their growth rates were 2.74 cm/d, 0.32 leaf/d, 70 cm2/d and 9.4 g/（m2.d）, respectively. The fruit dry weight also showed a linear relationship with the plant dry weight. After fruit setting, the fruit dry weight was increased by about 0.69 g when the plant dry weight was increased by 1 g. The allocation proportions of dry matter in tomato roots, stems and leaves de- clined significantly from plant flowering to fruiting, while the proportion of fruit dry weight in plant dry weight increased significantly, exceeding 60%. There was a strong linear relationship between dry matter production of tomato and effective cu- mulative temperature （sum of temperature higher than 10 ^（3） in the solar green- house, and the dry matter production was increased by about 0.73 g/m2 when the effective cumulative temperature was increased by one unit. The dry matter produc- tion of tomato plant also showed a strong linear relationship with photosynthetic ac- tive radiation （PAR） in the greenhouse, and about 3.4 g of dry matter was synthe- sized per unit （M J） of PAR. [Conclusion] Extending the growing period and improv- ing the temperature and light conditions could increase the dry matter production of tomato.展开更多
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) were collected from the Prydz Bay region during the austral summer of 1999/2000. The sample - collection was made at 15 sites in 3 longitudinal transects. Although krill were encoun...Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) were collected from the Prydz Bay region during the austral summer of 1999/2000. The sample - collection was made at 15 sites in 3 longitudinal transects. Although krill were encountered at 14 sites, the abundance was comparatively low in general. The main component of the krill population was of post -larval stages. The mean numerical and weight density of krill integrated for all sampling stations in the survey area were 16. 17 ind. 1000 m -3and 12.02 g 1000 m -3 , respectively. In the survey area, stations with larger krill density are mainly located in the slope zone, except that the largest sample was collected in the open sea zone. No krill occurred in the only station of the shelf zone during our investigation. Krill collected from the slope zone were under better growth condition than those from the open sea zone, but when the survey area is considered as a whole, the growth condition is normal. The results of the comprehensive analysis of the environmental factors show that the three large sample stations seem to be related with the cold water mass at 75 m depth and the confluence area between the high and low Chla centers at the depth of 25 m.展开更多
The kinetics of asymmetric production of R-（-）-mandelic acid （R-MA） from phenylglyoxylic acid （PGA） catalyzed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae sp. strain FD11b was studied by fed-batch cultures. The concentrations of...The kinetics of asymmetric production of R-（-）-mandelic acid （R-MA） from phenylglyoxylic acid （PGA） catalyzed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae sp. strain FD11b was studied by fed-batch cultures. The concentrations of glucose and PGA were controlled respectively with a dual feeding system. When the electron donor glucose was supplied at the rate of 0.0833mmol·gdw^-1·h^-1, the specific production rate （qp） and the enantiomeric excess of R-MA reached the maximum 0.353mmol·gdw^-1·h^-1 and 97.1%, respectively. The apparent reduction activity of yeast FD 11 b was obviously affected by both substrate PGA and product MA. The qp value reached the maximum 0.36-0.38mmol·gdw^-1·h^-1 when the PGA concentration was controlled between 25 and 35mmol·L^-1. The obvious substrate inhibition of bioconversion was observed at the PGA concentrations higher than 40mmol·L^-1. The accumulation of product MA also caused a severe feed-back inhibition for its production when the product concentration was above 60mmol·L^-1. The kinetic model with the inhibition effect of both substrate and product was simulated by a computer-based least-square arithrnatic. The established kinetic model was in good agreement with the experimental data.展开更多
Exponential nitrogen(N) loading approach has been used to optimize seedling growth in container seedling production. However, the response of seedling growth to N loading and optimal N loading rates are species-depend...Exponential nitrogen(N) loading approach has been used to optimize seedling growth in container seedling production. However, the response of seedling growth to N loading and optimal N loading rates are species-dependent. There is a lack of information on optimal N loading in container production of Australian Blackwood(Acacia melanoxylon) seedlings. In this study, 7 exponential N loading at rates of 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 600 mg N seedling-1, respectively, were applied at the week 3, 6, 9, 12 and 14 after transplanting to determine optimal loading approach based on seedling height, root collar diameter(RCD), biomass accumulation and N uptake in tissue-cultured Australian Blackwood(A. melanoxylon) seedlings. Seedlings did not respond to N loading 3 wk after transplanting, then the accumulative addition of N loading for improved RCD and seedling height was 12.99 and 28.02 mg N seedlings-1 in the 100 N and 400 N treatment 6 wk after transplanting, respectively, and on 9 and 12 wk, that for improved seedling growth was 63.64 and 400 mg N seedling-1 in the 200 N and 400 N treatment, respectively. Vector diagnosis of final biomass and N status indicated that the dose of 100 and 400 mg N seedling-1 was characterized to be "deficient" and "optimum" dose of exponential N loading for Blackwood seedlings. These conclusions promise to figure out a precise fertilization regime for Blackwood seedlings and the demonstration of dynamic seedling performance could be used for other tree species.展开更多
Land use and land cover are essential for maintaining and managing the natural resources on the earth surface. A complex set of economic, demographic, social, cultural, technological, and environmental processes usual...Land use and land cover are essential for maintaining and managing the natural resources on the earth surface. A complex set of economic, demographic, social, cultural, technological, and environmental processes usually result in the change in the land use/land cover change (LULC). Pokhara Metropolitan is influenced mainly by the combination of various driving forces: geographical location, high rate of population growth, economic opportunity, globalization, tourism activities, and political activities. In addition to this, geographically steep slope, rugged terrain, and fragile geomorphic conditions and the frequency of earthquakes, floods, and landslides make the Pokhara Metropolitan region a disaster-prone area. The increment of the population along with infrastructure development of a given territory leads towards the urbanization. It has been rapidly changing due to urbanization, industrialization and internal migration since the 1970s. The landscapes and ground patterns are frequently changing on time and prone to disaster. Here a study has been carried to study on LULC for the last 18 years (2000-2018). The supervised classification on Landsat Imagery was performed and verified the classification through computing the error matrix. Besides, the water bodies and vegetation area were extracted through the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDWI) respectively. This research shows that during the last 18 years the agricultural areas diminishing by 15.66% while urban area is increasing by 13.2%. This research is beneficial for preparing the plan and policy in the sustainable development of Pokhara Metropolitan.展开更多
基金Supported by Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61233006)Key Science and Technology Program of Shanxi Province(20130311010-1)
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the growth and development and dry matter production and allocation of greenhouse tomato in North China. [Method] With tomato cultivar ＇Jinguo No.l＇ as the experimental material, the ex- periments were conducted in a solar greenhouse located in Taigu, Shanxi （37o25＇ N, 112o25＇ E） from March to July, in 2014 and 2015. [Result] The plant height, leaf number, leaf area and dry matter production of greenhouse tomato increased lin- early with the increased days after transplantation, and their growth rates were 2.74 cm/d, 0.32 leaf/d, 70 cm2/d and 9.4 g/（m2.d）, respectively. The fruit dry weight also showed a linear relationship with the plant dry weight. After fruit setting, the fruit dry weight was increased by about 0.69 g when the plant dry weight was increased by 1 g. The allocation proportions of dry matter in tomato roots, stems and leaves de- clined significantly from plant flowering to fruiting, while the proportion of fruit dry weight in plant dry weight increased significantly, exceeding 60%. There was a strong linear relationship between dry matter production of tomato and effective cu- mulative temperature （sum of temperature higher than 10 ^（3） in the solar green- house, and the dry matter production was increased by about 0.73 g/m2 when the effective cumulative temperature was increased by one unit. The dry matter produc- tion of tomato plant also showed a strong linear relationship with photosynthetic ac- tive radiation （PAR） in the greenhouse, and about 3.4 g of dry matter was synthe- sized per unit （M J） of PAR. [Conclusion] Extending the growing period and improv- ing the temperature and light conditions could increase the dry matter production of tomato.
基金This study was supported by the CAS know ledge innov ation program KZCX2-303.
文摘Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) were collected from the Prydz Bay region during the austral summer of 1999/2000. The sample - collection was made at 15 sites in 3 longitudinal transects. Although krill were encountered at 14 sites, the abundance was comparatively low in general. The main component of the krill population was of post -larval stages. The mean numerical and weight density of krill integrated for all sampling stations in the survey area were 16. 17 ind. 1000 m -3and 12.02 g 1000 m -3 , respectively. In the survey area, stations with larger krill density are mainly located in the slope zone, except that the largest sample was collected in the open sea zone. No krill occurred in the only station of the shelf zone during our investigation. Krill collected from the slope zone were under better growth condition than those from the open sea zone, but when the survey area is considered as a whole, the growth condition is normal. The results of the comprehensive analysis of the environmental factors show that the three large sample stations seem to be related with the cold water mass at 75 m depth and the confluence area between the high and low Chla centers at the depth of 25 m.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (No.E0310019) and Key Project of Science and Technology of Fujian Province (No.2003H023).
文摘The kinetics of asymmetric production of R-（-）-mandelic acid （R-MA） from phenylglyoxylic acid （PGA） catalyzed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae sp. strain FD11b was studied by fed-batch cultures. The concentrations of glucose and PGA were controlled respectively with a dual feeding system. When the electron donor glucose was supplied at the rate of 0.0833mmol·gdw^-1·h^-1, the specific production rate （qp） and the enantiomeric excess of R-MA reached the maximum 0.353mmol·gdw^-1·h^-1 and 97.1%, respectively. The apparent reduction activity of yeast FD 11 b was obviously affected by both substrate PGA and product MA. The qp value reached the maximum 0.36-0.38mmol·gdw^-1·h^-1 when the PGA concentration was controlled between 25 and 35mmol·L^-1. The obvious substrate inhibition of bioconversion was observed at the PGA concentrations higher than 40mmol·L^-1. The accumulation of product MA also caused a severe feed-back inhibition for its production when the product concentration was above 60mmol·L^-1. The kinetic model with the inhibition effect of both substrate and product was simulated by a computer-based least-square arithrnatic. The established kinetic model was in good agreement with the experimental data.
基金funded by Complement Public Benefit Research Foundation of state forestry administration,P.R.China
文摘Exponential nitrogen(N) loading approach has been used to optimize seedling growth in container seedling production. However, the response of seedling growth to N loading and optimal N loading rates are species-dependent. There is a lack of information on optimal N loading in container production of Australian Blackwood(Acacia melanoxylon) seedlings. In this study, 7 exponential N loading at rates of 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 600 mg N seedling-1, respectively, were applied at the week 3, 6, 9, 12 and 14 after transplanting to determine optimal loading approach based on seedling height, root collar diameter(RCD), biomass accumulation and N uptake in tissue-cultured Australian Blackwood(A. melanoxylon) seedlings. Seedlings did not respond to N loading 3 wk after transplanting, then the accumulative addition of N loading for improved RCD and seedling height was 12.99 and 28.02 mg N seedlings-1 in the 100 N and 400 N treatment 6 wk after transplanting, respectively, and on 9 and 12 wk, that for improved seedling growth was 63.64 and 400 mg N seedling-1 in the 200 N and 400 N treatment, respectively. Vector diagnosis of final biomass and N status indicated that the dose of 100 and 400 mg N seedling-1 was characterized to be "deficient" and "optimum" dose of exponential N loading for Blackwood seedlings. These conclusions promise to figure out a precise fertilization regime for Blackwood seedlings and the demonstration of dynamic seedling performance could be used for other tree species.
文摘Land use and land cover are essential for maintaining and managing the natural resources on the earth surface. A complex set of economic, demographic, social, cultural, technological, and environmental processes usually result in the change in the land use/land cover change (LULC). Pokhara Metropolitan is influenced mainly by the combination of various driving forces: geographical location, high rate of population growth, economic opportunity, globalization, tourism activities, and political activities. In addition to this, geographically steep slope, rugged terrain, and fragile geomorphic conditions and the frequency of earthquakes, floods, and landslides make the Pokhara Metropolitan region a disaster-prone area. The increment of the population along with infrastructure development of a given territory leads towards the urbanization. It has been rapidly changing due to urbanization, industrialization and internal migration since the 1970s. The landscapes and ground patterns are frequently changing on time and prone to disaster. Here a study has been carried to study on LULC for the last 18 years (2000-2018). The supervised classification on Landsat Imagery was performed and verified the classification through computing the error matrix. Besides, the water bodies and vegetation area were extracted through the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDWI) respectively. This research shows that during the last 18 years the agricultural areas diminishing by 15.66% while urban area is increasing by 13.2%. This research is beneficial for preparing the plan and policy in the sustainable development of Pokhara Metropolitan.
