[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of adding compound probiotics on the growth performance and intestinal flora of Kunming mice.[Methods]Twelve healthy 2-week-old Kunming male mice with bo...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of adding compound probiotics on the growth performance and intestinal flora of Kunming mice.[Methods]Twelve healthy 2-week-old Kunming male mice with body weight of(11.09±0.43)g were selected.They were randomly divided into two treatment groups,namely blank control group(NC)and compound probiotics group(CB+LR+BS),with six mice in each group.The two groups were fed with commercial basal diet,and the compound probiotic experimental group was fed with basal diet supplemented with compound probiotics,in which the contents of Clostridium butyricum spores,Lactobacillus reuteri and Bacillus subtilis spores were 1×1010,1×1011 and 1×1010 CUF/kg,respectively.The body weight,feed intake and water intake of mice were counted every 4 d,and the experimental period was 13 d.On the 13 th day,the cecal contents of the mice were collected for analysis.[Results]There was no significant change in body weight and feed intake when compound probiotics were added to the diet.However,the addition of compound probiotics reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli,urease-negative Helicobacter typhlonius and Salmonella enterica,while increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Anaerostipes hadrus,and the contents of IgG and IgM increased significantly(P<0.05).[Conclusions]In summary,the addition of compound probiotics could significantly improve the structure of intestinal microbial flora,increase the quantity of beneficial bacteria,reduce the quantity of harmful bacteria,and improve the immune function of mice.展开更多
The enzyme xylanase is more and more widely used in feed production, but different xylanase have different properties, mechanism and application effects. To provide a theoretical basis for choosing more suitable xylan...The enzyme xylanase is more and more widely used in feed production, but different xylanase have different properties, mechanism and application effects. To provide a theoretical basis for choosing more suitable xylanase in feed production, we selected bacterial xylanase(BX), labeled enzyme A, and trichoderma xylanase(TX), labeled enzyme B, and studied the enzymology properties and application effects on growth performance and gut flora in weaned piglets. The results showed that the activity levels of both appear parabolic along with increasing pH or temperature, but the amplitude of enzyme activity changing curves and the pH/temperature of optimal activity level are different, where enzyme A has the optimal activity level at 50 ℃ with a pH value of 5.0. The optimal activity level of enzyme B was achieved at 70 ℃ with a pH around 6.0. Enzyme B suffered very little activity loss with moisture level at16% and temperature from 80℃ to 90 ℃. Enzyme A suffered a big drop in activity level when processed with high temperature from around 80 ℃ to 90 ℃, and it was even completely inactivated at 90 ℃,Enzyme A has very low activity level after being processed in acid environment, but enzyme B has minor changes in activity level with respect to changes in acid level, indicating significantly different enzymatic properties between the two different sources of xylanases. In feeding experiment, the control group, was fed the basal diet, and the BX group and TX group were fed basal diets supplemented with 0,01% bacterial and fungal xylanases, respectively. The results showed that ADG of the BX group and TX group increased by 3.25%(P> 0.05) and 8.22%(P < 0.05), respectively, and the feed conversion ratio decreased by 6.74% and 7.86%(P > 0.05), respectively compared with the control group; TX group had significantly higher(P < 0.05) ADG compared with BX group; BX group and TX group had significantly lower ileum Escherichia coli level than the control group, which were reduced by up to 12.98%(P < 0.05) and 11.68%(P < 0.05), respectively, but the ileal lactic acid bacteria levels were significantly increased by 16.21%(P < 0.01) and 27.02%(P < 0.01),respectively. There were no significant differences(P > 0.05) between BX group and TX group in terms of lactic acid bacteria E. coli level. We concluded that fungal xylanase(enzyme B) has better performances in improving weaned piglet growth and in increasing ileal lactic acid bacteria level compared with bacterial xylanase(enzyme A).展开更多
An 8-week feeding experiment was carried out to explore the effects of dietary n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)ratio on growth performance,lipid metabolism,hepatic antioxidant status,and gut flora of spotted s...An 8-week feeding experiment was carried out to explore the effects of dietary n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)ratio on growth performance,lipid metabolism,hepatic antioxidant status,and gut flora of spotted seabass(Lateolabrax maculatus).Six experimental diets were formulated to contain different levels of two purified oil sources including docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids enriched oil(n-3)and linoleic acid-enriched oil(n-6)leading to n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios of 0.04,0.35,0.66,1.35,2.45 and16.17.Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of juvenile L.maculatus(11.06±0.20 g,30 fish/tank).Final body weight(FBW),weight gain(WG),specific growth rates(SGR),protein efficiency ratio(PER)and feed utilization efficiency increased as n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio increased up to a certain level,and then decreased thereafter.Fish fed the diet with n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio of 0.66 exhibited the highest FBW,WG,SGR and PER and the lowest feed conversion ratio.Lower n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios induced up-regulated expression of lipid synthesis-related genes(fas,acc2 and srebp-1c)and down-regulated expression of lipolysis related genes(atgl,ppara,cpt-1 and aox).Higher expression of lipolysis-related genes(atgl,ppara and cpt-1)was recorded at moderate n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios(0.66 to 1.35).Moreover,inappropriate n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios triggered up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes(il-6 and tnf-a)and down-regulation of antiinflammatory genes(il-4 and il-10)in the intestine.The diet with n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio of 0.66 inhibited intestine inflammation,improved intestinal flora richness,increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus,Alloprevotella and Ruminococcus,and reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria including Escherichia-Shigella and Enterococcus.In summary,it could be suggested that a dietary n-3/n-6PUFA ratio of 0.66 can improve growth performance and feed utilization in L.maculatus,as is deemed to be mediated through regulation of lipid metabolism and intestinal flora.展开更多
Lysozyme(LZ)is a purely natural,nonpolluting and nonspecific immune factor,which has beneficial effects on the healthy development of animals.In this study,the influences of LZ on the growth performance and intestinal...Lysozyme(LZ)is a purely natural,nonpolluting and nonspecific immune factor,which has beneficial effects on the healthy development of animals.In this study,the influences of LZ on the growth performance and intestinal barrier of weaned piglets were studied.A total of 48 weaned piglets(Landrace×Yorkshire,22 d old)were randomly divided into a control group(basal diet)and a LZ group(0.1%LZ diet)for 19 d.The results showed that LZ could significantly improve the average daily gain(ADG,P<0.05)and average daily feed intake(ADFI,P<0.05).LZ also improved the intestinal morphology and significantly increased the expression of occludin in the jejunum(P<0.05).In addition,LZ down-regulated the expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β,P<0.05)and tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a,P<0.05),and inhibited the expression of the genes in the nuclear factor-k-gene binding(NF-κB,P<0.05)signaling pathway.More importantly,the analysis of intestinal flora showed LZ increased the abundance of Firmicutes(P<0.05)and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidota(P=0.09)at the phylum level,and increased the abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1(P<0.05)and reduced the abundance of Olsenella and Prevotella(P<0.05)at the genus level.In short,this study proved that LZ could effectively improve the growth performance,relieve inflammation and improve the intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets.These findings provided an important theoretical basis for the application of LZ in pig production.展开更多
基金Supported by China National University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development Program(S202310553010)2023 Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Hunan University of Humanities,Science and Technology(14).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of adding compound probiotics on the growth performance and intestinal flora of Kunming mice.[Methods]Twelve healthy 2-week-old Kunming male mice with body weight of(11.09±0.43)g were selected.They were randomly divided into two treatment groups,namely blank control group(NC)and compound probiotics group(CB+LR+BS),with six mice in each group.The two groups were fed with commercial basal diet,and the compound probiotic experimental group was fed with basal diet supplemented with compound probiotics,in which the contents of Clostridium butyricum spores,Lactobacillus reuteri and Bacillus subtilis spores were 1×1010,1×1011 and 1×1010 CUF/kg,respectively.The body weight,feed intake and water intake of mice were counted every 4 d,and the experimental period was 13 d.On the 13 th day,the cecal contents of the mice were collected for analysis.[Results]There was no significant change in body weight and feed intake when compound probiotics were added to the diet.However,the addition of compound probiotics reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli,urease-negative Helicobacter typhlonius and Salmonella enterica,while increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Anaerostipes hadrus,and the contents of IgG and IgM increased significantly(P<0.05).[Conclusions]In summary,the addition of compound probiotics could significantly improve the structure of intestinal microbial flora,increase the quantity of beneficial bacteria,reduce the quantity of harmful bacteria,and improve the immune function of mice.
基金supported by the 'the twelfth five-year-plan' of China national science and technology for the rural development (2013BAD10B00)
文摘The enzyme xylanase is more and more widely used in feed production, but different xylanase have different properties, mechanism and application effects. To provide a theoretical basis for choosing more suitable xylanase in feed production, we selected bacterial xylanase(BX), labeled enzyme A, and trichoderma xylanase(TX), labeled enzyme B, and studied the enzymology properties and application effects on growth performance and gut flora in weaned piglets. The results showed that the activity levels of both appear parabolic along with increasing pH or temperature, but the amplitude of enzyme activity changing curves and the pH/temperature of optimal activity level are different, where enzyme A has the optimal activity level at 50 ℃ with a pH value of 5.0. The optimal activity level of enzyme B was achieved at 70 ℃ with a pH around 6.0. Enzyme B suffered very little activity loss with moisture level at16% and temperature from 80℃ to 90 ℃. Enzyme A suffered a big drop in activity level when processed with high temperature from around 80 ℃ to 90 ℃, and it was even completely inactivated at 90 ℃,Enzyme A has very low activity level after being processed in acid environment, but enzyme B has minor changes in activity level with respect to changes in acid level, indicating significantly different enzymatic properties between the two different sources of xylanases. In feeding experiment, the control group, was fed the basal diet, and the BX group and TX group were fed basal diets supplemented with 0,01% bacterial and fungal xylanases, respectively. The results showed that ADG of the BX group and TX group increased by 3.25%(P> 0.05) and 8.22%(P < 0.05), respectively, and the feed conversion ratio decreased by 6.74% and 7.86%(P > 0.05), respectively compared with the control group; TX group had significantly higher(P < 0.05) ADG compared with BX group; BX group and TX group had significantly lower ileum Escherichia coli level than the control group, which were reduced by up to 12.98%(P < 0.05) and 11.68%(P < 0.05), respectively, but the ileal lactic acid bacteria levels were significantly increased by 16.21%(P < 0.01) and 27.02%(P < 0.01),respectively. There were no significant differences(P > 0.05) between BX group and TX group in terms of lactic acid bacteria E. coli level. We concluded that fungal xylanase(enzyme B) has better performances in improving weaned piglet growth and in increasing ileal lactic acid bacteria level compared with bacterial xylanase(enzyme A).
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072984)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2020J01664)China Agricultural Research System(CARS-47)。
文摘An 8-week feeding experiment was carried out to explore the effects of dietary n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)ratio on growth performance,lipid metabolism,hepatic antioxidant status,and gut flora of spotted seabass(Lateolabrax maculatus).Six experimental diets were formulated to contain different levels of two purified oil sources including docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids enriched oil(n-3)and linoleic acid-enriched oil(n-6)leading to n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios of 0.04,0.35,0.66,1.35,2.45 and16.17.Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of juvenile L.maculatus(11.06±0.20 g,30 fish/tank).Final body weight(FBW),weight gain(WG),specific growth rates(SGR),protein efficiency ratio(PER)and feed utilization efficiency increased as n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio increased up to a certain level,and then decreased thereafter.Fish fed the diet with n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio of 0.66 exhibited the highest FBW,WG,SGR and PER and the lowest feed conversion ratio.Lower n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios induced up-regulated expression of lipid synthesis-related genes(fas,acc2 and srebp-1c)and down-regulated expression of lipolysis related genes(atgl,ppara,cpt-1 and aox).Higher expression of lipolysis-related genes(atgl,ppara and cpt-1)was recorded at moderate n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios(0.66 to 1.35).Moreover,inappropriate n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios triggered up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes(il-6 and tnf-a)and down-regulation of antiinflammatory genes(il-4 and il-10)in the intestine.The diet with n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio of 0.66 inhibited intestine inflammation,improved intestinal flora richness,increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus,Alloprevotella and Ruminococcus,and reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria including Escherichia-Shigella and Enterococcus.In summary,it could be suggested that a dietary n-3/n-6PUFA ratio of 0.66 can improve growth performance and feed utilization in L.maculatus,as is deemed to be mediated through regulation of lipid metabolism and intestinal flora.
基金supported by National key R&D program of China(2021YFD1301002)Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Capacity Improvement Project(TSBICIP-CXRC-031TSBICIP-CXRC-038)。
文摘Lysozyme(LZ)is a purely natural,nonpolluting and nonspecific immune factor,which has beneficial effects on the healthy development of animals.In this study,the influences of LZ on the growth performance and intestinal barrier of weaned piglets were studied.A total of 48 weaned piglets(Landrace×Yorkshire,22 d old)were randomly divided into a control group(basal diet)and a LZ group(0.1%LZ diet)for 19 d.The results showed that LZ could significantly improve the average daily gain(ADG,P<0.05)and average daily feed intake(ADFI,P<0.05).LZ also improved the intestinal morphology and significantly increased the expression of occludin in the jejunum(P<0.05).In addition,LZ down-regulated the expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β,P<0.05)and tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a,P<0.05),and inhibited the expression of the genes in the nuclear factor-k-gene binding(NF-κB,P<0.05)signaling pathway.More importantly,the analysis of intestinal flora showed LZ increased the abundance of Firmicutes(P<0.05)and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidota(P=0.09)at the phylum level,and increased the abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1(P<0.05)and reduced the abundance of Olsenella and Prevotella(P<0.05)at the genus level.In short,this study proved that LZ could effectively improve the growth performance,relieve inflammation and improve the intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets.These findings provided an important theoretical basis for the application of LZ in pig production.
