Lignin is generated as a waste biomass from pulp and paper industry.The majority of kraft lignin is currently combusted as a low-grade energy source.Lignin valorization has been considered a feasible option to sustain...Lignin is generated as a waste biomass from pulp and paper industry.The majority of kraft lignin is currently combusted as a low-grade energy source.Lignin valorization has been considered a feasible option to sustainable production of chemicals and liquid fuels in the long run.This study reports a novel thermolysis process that selectively converts black liquor lignin into guaiacol and its derivatives in highboiling-point hydrocarbon solvents:n-hexadecane(n-H)and 1-methyl naphthalene(1-MN).The operating pressure for lignin thermolysis in n-H and 1-MN is much lower than those in lignin liquefaction with low-boiling-point solvents,such as water,methanol,and ethanol.1-MN performed better than n-H in terms of lignin conversion and liquid yield.The liquid products were 56 wt%and 24 wt%for 1-MN and n-H as solvent respectively.Reaction temperature and reaction time rotating were investigated.Low temperature and short reaction time are favorable for generating Guaiacol.Compared to 1-MN as solvent,n-H promotes the production of guaiacol.The reaction mechanisms of lignin depolymerization to chemicals in different solvents were proposed.Solvent chemical properties and H abstraction processes from solvents play a key role in the selectivity of guaiacol.展开更多
利用芳香胺的重氮化-偶合显色反应原理,建立了纺织品中24种禁用芳香胺的快速定性筛选测定方法。样品经还原后,先用10 mL叔丁基甲醚萃取,再用5 mL HCl反萃取,达到净化和脱色的目的,HCl萃取液中加入0.05 mL NaNO2,重氮化反应10 min,滴加0....利用芳香胺的重氮化-偶合显色反应原理,建立了纺织品中24种禁用芳香胺的快速定性筛选测定方法。样品经还原后,先用10 mL叔丁基甲醚萃取,再用5 mL HCl反萃取,达到净化和脱色的目的,HCl萃取液中加入0.05 mL NaNO2,重氮化反应10 min,滴加0.5 mL氨基磺酸铵除去多余的NaNO2,加入1mL邻甲氧基苯酚与重氮盐偶联显色。根据萃取液是否显色,快速地对样品中是否含有禁用偶氮染料作出初步判断。方法的检出限低于15 mg/kg,上千个实际样品测试无假阴性,假阳性概率为28%。本方法无需大型色谱仪器设备,与仪器测定方法相比,前处理时间缩短了约60%,节约了约90%的试剂费用。展开更多
以唾液酸为起始原料,在浓硫酸催化下进行甲酯化反应得到唾液酸甲酯,收率比文献方法提高了20%以上;再通过酰氯反应制得化合物4,收率由86.4%提高到98.9%;化合物4于四氢呋喃(THF)中在氢化钠作用下与化合物6进行缩合反应,最后在MeONa醇解与...以唾液酸为起始原料,在浓硫酸催化下进行甲酯化反应得到唾液酸甲酯,收率比文献方法提高了20%以上;再通过酰氯反应制得化合物4,收率由86.4%提高到98.9%;化合物4于四氢呋喃(THF)中在氢化钠作用下与化合物6进行缩合反应,最后在MeONa醇解与碱作用下水解得到目标产物唾液酸酶检测剂X-Neu5Ac.该合成过程采用浓硫酸催化的方法得到化合物2,原料易得,操作更安全简单,避免了使用昂贵的树脂或者危险性很高的重氮甲烷.在酰氯反应中采用一锅法同时实现了乙酰基保护和氯代反应.另外,对关键中间体7的合成反应条件进行了单因素实验优化,获得了最佳合成条件:反应温度为室温(25℃),加入溶剂量为每g底物20 m L溶剂,反应时间为10 h.通过X-Neu5Ac活性成分的应用研究,发现检测所得产物的稳定性和显色灵敏性均达到要求.采用~1H NMR,ESI-MS和HPLC-MS对产物进行了结构表征.展开更多
文摘Lignin is generated as a waste biomass from pulp and paper industry.The majority of kraft lignin is currently combusted as a low-grade energy source.Lignin valorization has been considered a feasible option to sustainable production of chemicals and liquid fuels in the long run.This study reports a novel thermolysis process that selectively converts black liquor lignin into guaiacol and its derivatives in highboiling-point hydrocarbon solvents:n-hexadecane(n-H)and 1-methyl naphthalene(1-MN).The operating pressure for lignin thermolysis in n-H and 1-MN is much lower than those in lignin liquefaction with low-boiling-point solvents,such as water,methanol,and ethanol.1-MN performed better than n-H in terms of lignin conversion and liquid yield.The liquid products were 56 wt%and 24 wt%for 1-MN and n-H as solvent respectively.Reaction temperature and reaction time rotating were investigated.Low temperature and short reaction time are favorable for generating Guaiacol.Compared to 1-MN as solvent,n-H promotes the production of guaiacol.The reaction mechanisms of lignin depolymerization to chemicals in different solvents were proposed.Solvent chemical properties and H abstraction processes from solvents play a key role in the selectivity of guaiacol.
文摘将氨显色反应方法应用在液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas,LNG)围护系统泄漏检测中,并探讨目标检测模型YOLOv7在氨显色图像泄漏点检测中的效果。针对LNG薄膜型围护系统泄漏检测需求,分析氨显色反应的原理,并根据该原理构建泄漏检测所需的抽注气系统、显色喷剂及图像采集终端;针对氨显色泄漏图像,将蓝色泄漏点进行标注并对数据进行MixUp数据增强;在泄漏点识别上,采用目标检测网络YOLOv7进行训练,在该数据集上平均准确度(mean Average Precision,mAP)达97.71%,可满足LNG围护系统自动化辅助检测要求。
文摘利用芳香胺的重氮化-偶合显色反应原理,建立了纺织品中24种禁用芳香胺的快速定性筛选测定方法。样品经还原后,先用10 mL叔丁基甲醚萃取,再用5 mL HCl反萃取,达到净化和脱色的目的,HCl萃取液中加入0.05 mL NaNO2,重氮化反应10 min,滴加0.5 mL氨基磺酸铵除去多余的NaNO2,加入1mL邻甲氧基苯酚与重氮盐偶联显色。根据萃取液是否显色,快速地对样品中是否含有禁用偶氮染料作出初步判断。方法的检出限低于15 mg/kg,上千个实际样品测试无假阴性,假阳性概率为28%。本方法无需大型色谱仪器设备,与仪器测定方法相比,前处理时间缩短了约60%,节约了约90%的试剂费用。
文摘以唾液酸为起始原料,在浓硫酸催化下进行甲酯化反应得到唾液酸甲酯,收率比文献方法提高了20%以上;再通过酰氯反应制得化合物4,收率由86.4%提高到98.9%;化合物4于四氢呋喃(THF)中在氢化钠作用下与化合物6进行缩合反应,最后在MeONa醇解与碱作用下水解得到目标产物唾液酸酶检测剂X-Neu5Ac.该合成过程采用浓硫酸催化的方法得到化合物2,原料易得,操作更安全简单,避免了使用昂贵的树脂或者危险性很高的重氮甲烷.在酰氯反应中采用一锅法同时实现了乙酰基保护和氯代反应.另外,对关键中间体7的合成反应条件进行了单因素实验优化,获得了最佳合成条件:反应温度为室温(25℃),加入溶剂量为每g底物20 m L溶剂,反应时间为10 h.通过X-Neu5Ac活性成分的应用研究,发现检测所得产物的稳定性和显色灵敏性均达到要求.采用~1H NMR,ESI-MS和HPLC-MS对产物进行了结构表征.
