Impact of high-speed railway construction on spatial relationships in the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration

The Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration is a response to the Belt and Road Initiative in Northwest China that aims to promote regional development.The direct impact of high-speed railway construction is to shorten the spatial-temporal distance among regions,improve the accessibility of regional transportation,and promote socioeconomic linkages.From the perspective of accessibility,this study analyzes the impact of high-speed railway construction on the spatial pattems and county-level economic relationships of the Guanzhong Plain urban agglom-eration.The results show that the construction of high-speed railway significantly improves regional accessibility,increases the potential for urban economic development,and gradually narrows the gaps in economic potential among cities.The construction of high-speed railway has increased the intensity of extenal economic relations among numerous counties in the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration,and most of the areas with increased connections are located in the direction of routes extension.The development of the internal economic network of the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration is unbalanced,and a complex network is gradually emerging with a few large cities at the core,but the construction of high-speed railway is changing the struicture of the economic network.In general,a certain degree of intrinsic coupling exists between regional accessibility change and the evolution of economic relations caused by high-speed railway,reflecting the requirements of the regional overall development strategy.

Analysis of Abnormal Temperature Change in Guanzhong Plain in the North of Qingling Mountains

In this study, we analyzed the changes of houdy temperature in some regions of Guanzhong Plain in the north of Qingling Mountains on December 4, 2012. The results show that daily variation of temperature was abnormal in some regions of Guanzhong Plain on December 4, 2012, and medium fog and haze inhibited the increase of air temperature in the urban area of Xi＇an in the morning of December 4, so that air temperature went up slowly during the day of December 4. The sinking of the northwest cold air before arriving Guanzhong Plain as well as atmospheric com- pression warming effect caused by Qinling terrain blocking were the main reasons for the abnormal increase of temperature in some areas of Guanzhong Plain. Compared with surrounding districts and counties, urban heat island effect was more obvious in the urban area of Xi＇an.

Negative Transfer of Guanzhong Plain's Dialect on the Acquisition of English Sound

Pronunciation learning is the key factor in second language acquisition,which is also the soul of the language.Thereforeit is very vital for beginners to learn the right sounds.However,In the second language acquisition,the sounds of learners’first lan-guage unavoidably have some positive and negative transfer on the target language acquisition.To the Chinese learners,as Chineselanguage belongs to Sino-Tibetan system while English belongs to Germanic language system,the negative transfer is much moreobvious.Guanzhong plain lies in the central of Shaanxi province of China.The dialect here belongs to one of the sub-branches ofNorthern Mandrarin Dialect.Which shares little similarities with English in phonetics.The paper bases on the research of 25 stu-dents whose first language are Guanzhong Plain’s dialect to compare the phonemes of two languages in general and to further ana-lyze the negative transfer of Guanzhong Plain’s dialect to English Phonetic and give the related solutions.

Molecular compositions and sources of organic aerosols at a rural site on the Guanzhong Plain,Northwest China:The importance of biomass burning

The concentration of PM_(2.5)has considerably reduced in recent years,but remains relatively high in China.In particular,the increasing contribution of organic compounds to PM_(2.5)generates popular pressure for further reductions,resulting in an urgent need to study organic aerosol(OA).To investigate the molecular composition and source contribution of OA in the rural area of the Guanzhong Plain,Northwest China,PM_(2.5)samples were collected during 3–23 August 2016 and 5–20 January 2017 and studied for more than 100 organic tracer compounds.The mean concentration of total measured organic compounds is 662±296 ng/m^(3)in summer and 3258±1925 ng/m^(3)in winter.Levoglucosan is the most abundant single compound found throughout the sampling period,which is a crucial tracer for biomass burning emissions,preliminary suggesting that biomass burning is an essential source of OA.In summer,organic compounds such as lipid compounds,sugar compounds,and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),more come from higher plants,wood burning,vehicle exhausts,plastic waste,and other direct emission sources.Oxygenated PAHs(OPAHs),nitrophenols,and phthalic acids more come from the atmosphere through the oxidation reaction of aromatic precursors,especially photochemical oxidation.However,in winter,most of the increases in concentrations of organic compounds are attributed to biomass burning.The analysis of a haze event(14–19 January 2017)during the winter sampling period shows that the increases in the concentration of organic compounds are unaccompanied by strong secondary formation under lower relative humidity(49.1%±13.5%).The main reason for the growth of OA in this haze event is the accumulation of primary OA(POA).The source apportionment by the positive matrix factorization(PMF)model shows that biomass burning(37.1%)is the primary source of OA in the rural regions of the Guanzhong Plain,especially in winter(40.6%).The contribution of secondary formation decreases from 26.0%in summer to 16.9%in winter,and the contribution of fossil fuel emissions is comparable across both seasons.

Spatial expansion effects on urban ecosystem services supply-demand mismatching in Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration of China

Global urbanization has led to drastic land use change,interfering the ecosystem services(ES)supply-demand balance,in turn threatening the well-being of humans.However,existing studies mainly stranded at the historical and current analysis,and the effects of urban spatial expansion on the relationship between ES supply and demand in the future are less clear,in particular at an urban agglomeration scale.This study was constructed with a framework of assessing the effects of urban spatial expansion on ES supply-demand mismatching under different future scenarios in the Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration(GPUA)by using the Future Land Use Simulation(FLUS)model and expert-based Land-Use and Land-Cover Change(LUCC)matrix.The results showed that:(1)Urban expansion is significant in the natural development(ND)scenario,mainly manifesting the great transfer of dry land to construction land.(2)The gap between total ES supply and demand is narrowed from 2000 to 2030 and the mismatch between ES supply and demand is mainly reflected in the spatial distribution pattern in the GPUA.The ES budgets were in high surplus in Northern Qinling Mountains and northeast mountain areas,while they were in severe deficit in urban center areas.The budgets deficit under the ND scenario in 2030 is the most severe.(3)The gradient differences of ES budgets of the GPUA between urban centers and suburbs increase from 2000 to 2030 under two scenarios.The deficit region expands largest under ND scenario.The findings revealed that ES declining and supply-demand mismatching were triggered by the drastic land-use change driven by rapid urban expansion.The expansion has brought about an increasing material demand and growing industries,threatening the sustainability of ecosystems.Scenarios setting could contribute to coordinating the relationship between future urban development and ecological protection,and the policy strategies proposed in the study could inform ecological management and urban planning in the regions facing the similar urbanization situation.

Greenhouse area detection in Guanzhong Plain,Shaanxi,China:spatio-temporal change and suitability classification

The extensive use of greenhouses has brought soared economic benefits for farming practitioners in China and an overview of the spatio-temporal distribution of greenhouses is of great interest to agricultural practitioners and decision-makers.In this study,Landsat image based greenhouse maps in Guanzhong Plain,Shaanxi,China were made using random forest classification algorithm through visual interpretation on the Google Earth Engine.The 7-year's changes in greenhouse areas were investigated(i.e.2000,2003,2006,2010,2013,2015 and 2019)with yearly overall accuracy more than 90%.The results showed that the total area of greenhouses in Guanzhong Plain demonstrated an increasing trend,from 5.92 km2 in 2000 to 194.42 km2 in 2019 with a considerable growth between 2010 and 2015.The dominant drivers for the increase are largely attributed to the government policy as well as economic profitability.The distribution of greenhouse shifts to central and eastern regions of Guanzhong Plain.Greenhouses preferentially expand to the area near to rural roads,main rivers,and high elevation,with more than 45%greenhouses distributed within 1 km of the county rural road.The principal component analysis based suitability evaluation showed that a total of 38.44%of the area was suitable for greenhouse.

Climate and soil moisture environment during develop-ment of the fifth palaeosol in Guanzhong Plain

Based on weathering characteristics of the fifth palaeosol layer (S5) of four sections in Guanzhong Plain, the thickness of the weathered profile of the paleosol is determined to be greater than the ordi- nary soil, a weathered and leached loess layer thicker than 2 m. The distribution depth of the red argil- lans, the weathered and leached loess layer, Fe2O3, CaCO3 and Sr content under the S5 all indicate that the precipitation in Guanzhong Plain was over 900 mm at that time. The distribution depth of gravity water zone reached 4.2 m at least, and the soil moisture content was generally more than 20% within the range of 4.2 m. At that time there was sufficient soil moisture and no dried earth layer developed in Guanzhong Plain, suitable for the forest to develop. When this soil developed, the mean annual pre- cipitation was more than the annual soil moisture evaporation. The value of soil moisture balance was positive and the atmospheric precipitation could supply the underground water normally. Soil water was weak acidic in the middle and late stages when S5 developed in Guanzhong Plain. It was a kind of subtropical climate and even more humid and warmer than the northern edge of the subtropical climate zone in Guanzhong Plain when the S5 developed. At that time the subtropical climate was prevailing over the northern side and southern side of Qingling Mountains, showing the Mountains no longer to be the boundary between the subtropical zone and the temperate zone in China. The summer monsoon acted intensely and could go over Qingling Mountains frequently bring abundant precipitation.

关中平原城市群韧性空间关联网络及其影响因素研究

基于熵值法测度2011—2020年关中平原城市群11个地市的城市韧性综合评价指数,分析其韧性时空演化特征,并采用社会网络分析法和二次指派程序剖析其空间关联网络结构及影响因素。结果表明:(1)关中平原城市群内各城市韧性整体呈上升趋势,韧性水平呈现出从省会开始向外围降低的态势。(2)城市群韧性网络结构变得更加复杂和稳健,但地区间韧性联系呈现较强的层级性特征,也尚未完全实现互相联通的状态。(3)西安市、咸阳市、铜川市的中心性较强,能够对周边或边缘城市产生较多资源溢出,城市群“核心-边缘”结构明显。(4)地理空间邻近、经济发展水平、对外开放度、政府财政支持、科技发展水平、交通基础设施的差异均显著影响城市群韧性空间网络结构的变化。关中平原城市群可通过建设城际数字化管理与交流平台、加强交通网络建设、增加科技创新投入等途径提升城市韧性与城市间的关联性。

城乡空间高质量融合发展路径研究——以关中平原城市群为例

深入实施区域协调发展和新型城镇化战略是基于城乡社会发展实际,推动我国全面高质量发展的重要抓手。关中平原城市群作为我国西部地区经济社会发展的重要空间载体,其城镇空间、乡村空间和区域经济发展具有一定的地域特征和代表性。基于新时代背景,构建城乡空间高质量融合发展内涵和发展模式的理论框架。通过对关中平原城市群城乡发展核心问题研判,提出以“中心城镇拉动”“乡村崛起推动”等为代表的城乡融合发展动力机制,从优化城乡空间格局、构建城乡产业体系、推进城乡基础设施互通、统筹城乡公共服务共享、健全城乡要素流动保障等方面探索关中城市群适宜性发展路径,助推关中平原城市群城乡空间高质量融合发展。

黄河流域关中平原城市群水资源利用效率与公平性评价

为提高黄河流域城市群水资源利用效率与公平性,推动黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展,以关中平原城市群为例,在采用水足迹与水行星边界方法分析水资源可持续利用水平的基础上,运用超效率SBM模型与GML指数探讨了城市群的水资源利用效率,并利用基尼系数与贡献系数评价了用水公平程度对城市群的影响。结果表明:2010—2019年,关中平原城市群水足迹、水赤字和灰水足迹分别下降了4.52%、3.62%和59.79%,水资源的不可持续性和水污染状况得到改善;水资源利用效率不高且未呈现增长趋势,技术效率与技术进步之间未实现良性互动;水资源占用相对公平,但水污染同城市发展及水资源承载能力之间的公平程度均有明显下降。

高质量发展下关中平原城市群数字基础设施发展水平时空演化及其影响因素

实现数字基础设施均衡发展是高质量发展背景下关中平原城市群需要重点关注的问题之一。基于2012—2021年关中平原城市群11个城市的样本数据,采用标准差椭圆、空间马尔可夫链和灰色关联分析探究了数字基础设施发展水平的时空演化特征及其影响因素。研究发现:关中平原城市群的数字基础设施发展水平并不均衡,但各城市之间的差距呈现逐渐缩小的趋势;空间格局总体呈现出东北-西南方向向心集聚、西北-东南方向空间发散的态势,分布重心逐渐向东移动;同时,在不同邻域类型下,各城市数字基础设施发展水平维持稳定的概率要高于向上或向下转移的概率,难以实现跨水平发展;政府支持力和内源拉动力对关中平原城市群数字基础设施发展水平的时空演化具有显著影响。通过考察关中平原城市群数字基础设施发展水平的时空格局演化及其影响因素,希冀为其优化布局和协调发展提供决策参考。

“交旅”融合下旅游经济与高速交通协调发展分析——以关中平原城市群为例

关中平原城市群是我国西部旅游资源的重要聚集地,其众多旅游资源开发与社会经济均衡发展亟需高速交通基础设施的支撑。以关中平原城市群为研究对象,基于高速交通和旅游经济评价指标体系,运用熵值法、耦合协调模型等方法,剖析高速交通与旅游经济的综合发展水平,并从时空维度分析两者耦合协调的演化态势,最后探究不同高速交通方式与旅游经济协调发展的差异特征。结果表明:(1)关中平原城市群高速交通与旅游经济综合水平整体呈上升态势,且城市群内部发展存在较大差异。(2)城市群高速交通和旅游经济尚未形成明显协调发展格局,其耦合协调度在时序上呈逐步上升趋势,在空间上逐步向“一圈一轴三带”格局演化。(3)不同的高速交通对系统协调程度和旅游经济边际效应存在明显差异,且与旅游经济的耦合协调度也不同。

关中平原城市群城市资源集聚能力演变及其影响因素

探究城市资源集聚能力的变化趋势与影响因素,对优化资源空间配置,促进城市群高质量发展有重要意义。论文构建评价模型评价城市资源集聚能力,揭示2003—2020年关中平原城市群内部城市资源集聚能力时空演变特征,并通过空间计量方法估计影响城市资源集聚能力演变的影响因素。研究发现关中平原城市群内部资源集聚呈现“首位”分布,西安的资源集聚能力最大但增长缓慢,而其他城市资源集聚能力总体不高且大部分降低。城市资源集聚能力的空间分布在缓慢集中,且存在正向空间依赖。经济发展水平、生态环境质量、科技发展水平、公共服务水平和工资水平显著提升了城市资源集聚能力,而市场化水平抑制了城市资源集聚能力。

城市群城市韧性水平测度及障碍因子识别

城市群是城市发展较高层次的空间组成形式,其城市韧性的提升对建设韧性城市、促进城市群持续健康发展具有重要意义。为全面测度城市群城市韧性水平并识别其障碍因子,构建了城市群城市韧性评价指标体系,采用熵值法和BP神经网络模型对关中平原城市群2011—2020年各城市分系统韧性和复合系统进行分析,进一步使用障碍度模型对影响关中平原城市群城市韧性的障碍因子进行识别。研究发现,关中平原城市群城市韧性位于中等韧性水平,但总体呈上升趋势,其空间分布格局呈现出“东西低,中间高”的倒V形。具体而言,经济系统韧性以较低韧性水平和中等韧性水平为主,社会系统韧性以中等韧性水平和较高韧性水平为主,生态系统韧性以较高韧性水平为主,而基础设施系统韧性则主要分布在较低至较高韧性水平之间;建成区绿化覆盖率和全社会用电量因子是影响关中平原城市群城市韧性提升的主要障碍因子;从分系统来看,社会系统始终是影响关中平原城市群城市韧性提升的关键系统。研究表明,城市群应进一步加强城市之间的合作,共享信息资源,提高人们生活水平,加大城市基础设施建设力度,不断促进城市群协调发展。

西安城内方言同音字汇

以西安城内碑林、莲湖、新城三区的方言为研究对象,描写了西安城内方言的声韵调系统和特殊又读现象,并详细记录了同音字汇。

西部城市群产业协同发展研究--以成渝和关中平原城市群为例

为探寻进一步推进西部城市群产业协同发展情况,并为制定差别化发展政策及策略提供依据,本研究将成渝城市群和关中平原城市群作为研究西部城市群产业协同发展的示范样本区域,通过构建复合系统协同度模型的方法,缕析二者产业协同发展现状及内在机理。研究结果表明:西部地区城市群产业协同发展尚处于低水平协同阶段,并存在宏观调控能力较差、城市群内部经济体量差距较大、中心城市辐射带动作用不足、城市群缺乏竞争力等问题,并提出打破行政壁垒、提升城市能级、培育副中心城市等宏观策略以及针对不同等级城市的优化建议,为实现区域产业协同发展、提升区域经济实力提供发展参考。

关中平原城市群土地利用变化对碳储量时空格局的影响

生态系统碳储量的变化与土地利用的格局关系紧密,研究碳储量的变化对实现“双碳”目标具有重要意义。关中平原城市群是西部地区第二大城市群,国家战略的实施影响着土地利用类型,进而影响碳储量的时空分布。本文通过集成InVEST模型与PLUS模型,解析2000—2020年关中平原城市群土地利用类型和碳储量的时空演化特征,预测在自然增长、生态保护和经济发展3种情景下,2030年关中平原城市群土地利用和碳储量的变化。结果表明:1)2000—2020年关中平原城市群主要土地利用类型为耕地和林地,草地向耕地和林地转换以及耕地向建设用地转换是研究区土地利用类型转换的主要方式。2)2030年关中平原城市群在3种情景下,耕地面积均呈减少趋势。在自然增长、经济发展情景下,林地和草地面积呈减少趋势,建设用地存在显著式外延扩张;在生态保护情景下,林地和草地面积呈上升趋势,建设用地面积略有下降。3)2000—2020年,导致碳储量降低的主要原因是林地和草地面积的萎缩,碳储量累计减少7.02×10^(6)t。4)2030年在自然增长和经济发展情景下,关中平原地区建设用地和耕地扩张明显,碳储量明显降低;生态保护情景下建设用地扩张面积相对较小,在中部和东北部地区碳储量并无明显减小现象,总体碳储量呈散落增加。研究结果可为关中平原城市群未来的城市规划、国土空间管理提供科学依据。未来关中平原城市群可在生态保护情景的基础上进一步发展,在保护生态的同时限制建设用地的扩张。

基于DPSIR模型的关中平原城市群城市人居环境韧性评价

为了研究关中平原城市群人居环境的韧性能力,通过综合权重法确定DPSIR(驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应)模型权重,运用地理探测器和反距离空间插值法确定关中平原城市群2010—2021年城市人居环境韧性时空的分异和演变特征以及主要影响因素。结果显示:驱动力是韧性水平的主要影响指数;各城市的人居环境韧性在时间序列上呈现逐渐增强的趋势,韧性指数的变化趋势显著;韧性水平在空间演化上表现以西安和咸阳为中心沿着陇海铁路为发展轴的空间发展形式;在影响因素上,教育水平、经济动力为主要因素影响人居环境韧性水平,各因素之间相互作用的影响显著。

典型人类活动对关中平原城市群PM_(2.5)浓度的影响

为应对突发公共卫生事件而采取的流动限制性措施,为研究人类活动对PM_(2.5)浓度的影响提供了一个独特的自然实验环境,但该期间关中平原城市群PM_(2.5)浓度分布及驱动力有何变化尚缺乏关注。基于2018~2020年PM_(2.5)遥感反演数据,采用空间自相关分析、地理探测器和多尺度地理加权回归(MGWR)模型,分析2020年2月至3月实施流动限制性措施期间关中平原城市群PM_(2.5)浓度及驱动因子的时空演变特征。结果表明:①2020年2月至3月PM_(2.5)浓度显著下降,2020年2月热点减少,3月冷点减少。②相比历年同期,所有人为因素单因子在2020年2月对关中平原城市群PM_(2.5)浓度的解释力最低,自然因素解释力较高。其中,工厂兴趣点分布(POI_D)及路网分布(RD)解释力相比历年同期平均解释力降幅最大,分别为20.3%和38.6%。所有人为因素双因子交互影响解释力在2020年2月最低。③所有人为因素在2020年2月对关中平原城市群PM_(2.5)浓度的作用尺度最小,当不同时期人为因素强度处于平均水平时,实施流动限制性措施期间的PM_(2.5)浓度更易降低,但东部地区的PM_(2.5)浓度防治强度还需增大。

关中平原城市群景观生态风险演变及驱动力分析

为探究大尺度城市群景观生态风险的演变特征及驱动力,以关中平原城市群为例,利用景观格局指数法构建景观生态风险评价模型,结合空间自相关、地理探测器等相关方法探究关中平原城市群的生态风险时空演变特征及主要驱动因子。结果表明:1990—2020年耕地为优势景观类型,各景观类型转移变化均较为明显,耕地的转出最大,20年间转出7 402.11 km^(2);高风险区主要分布在城市周边的接合部区域,低、较低风险区减少,中等和较高风险区增加,整体上景观生态风险等级不断提升;景观生态风险指数在空间分布上存在较强的正相关关系,且具有显著的集聚特征。分布特征以低-低、高-高聚集为主;驱动力显示人为干扰度是引起景观生态风险动态变化的最主要驱动因子。研究结果可为该区域土地资源优化配置、生态环境保护提供参考。