By proposing tools that help for the accomplishment of tasks in almost all sectors of activities, computer science has revolutionized the world in a general way. Nowadays, it addresses the peculiarities of peoples thr...By proposing tools that help for the accomplishment of tasks in almost all sectors of activities, computer science has revolutionized the world in a general way. Nowadays, it addresses the peculiarities of peoples through their culture in order to produce increasingly easy-to-use software for end users: This is the aim of software localization. Localizing a software consists among other things, in adapting its GUI according to the end user culture. We propose in this paper a generic approach allowing accomplishing this adaptation, even for multi-user applications like gaming applications, collaborative editors, etc. Techniques of functional interpretations of abstracts structures parameterized by algebras, constitute the formal base of our approach.展开更多
The global spread of English as a Lingua Franca （ELF） has implications for practice in English Language Teaching （ELT） classrooms. This paper presents a study on attitudes toward ELF which is crucial to its incorp...The global spread of English as a Lingua Franca （ELF） has implications for practice in English Language Teaching （ELT） classrooms. This paper presents a study on attitudes toward ELF which is crucial to its incorporation because attitudes influence the learning output in ELT. It uses a mixed method approach through a questionnaire survey on attitudes toward ELF, which contains a modified Verbal Guise Technique （VGT）, complemented with semi-structured interviews. Seventy university students and 4 lecturers from three English departments in Japan （Waseda University and Sophia University） and Indonesia （Universitas Negeri Jakarta） were involved in filling out the questionnaire and semi structured interview sessions. The results highlight positive attitudes towards ELF and its incorporation into ELT （Japan： 3.71, and Indonesia： 3.51）. In addition, factors which influence these attitudes （aspects related to language learning experience） were proven significant. The interview sessions also suggest ways to incorporate an ELF perspective into the ELT classrooms. Further, it addresses the issue of the gap between theory and practice in research on Global Englishes in Language Teaching （GELT） where a ＂conceptual gap＂ is often found. The study is of value to those interested in ELT curriculum evaluation and design to meet the needs of both ELT and ELF community in countries like Japan and Indonesia.展开更多
文摘By proposing tools that help for the accomplishment of tasks in almost all sectors of activities, computer science has revolutionized the world in a general way. Nowadays, it addresses the peculiarities of peoples through their culture in order to produce increasingly easy-to-use software for end users: This is the aim of software localization. Localizing a software consists among other things, in adapting its GUI according to the end user culture. We propose in this paper a generic approach allowing accomplishing this adaptation, even for multi-user applications like gaming applications, collaborative editors, etc. Techniques of functional interpretations of abstracts structures parameterized by algebras, constitute the formal base of our approach.
基金sponsored by Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education,The Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia
文摘The global spread of English as a Lingua Franca （ELF） has implications for practice in English Language Teaching （ELT） classrooms. This paper presents a study on attitudes toward ELF which is crucial to its incorporation because attitudes influence the learning output in ELT. It uses a mixed method approach through a questionnaire survey on attitudes toward ELF, which contains a modified Verbal Guise Technique （VGT）, complemented with semi-structured interviews. Seventy university students and 4 lecturers from three English departments in Japan （Waseda University and Sophia University） and Indonesia （Universitas Negeri Jakarta） were involved in filling out the questionnaire and semi structured interview sessions. The results highlight positive attitudes towards ELF and its incorporation into ELT （Japan： 3.71, and Indonesia： 3.51）. In addition, factors which influence these attitudes （aspects related to language learning experience） were proven significant. The interview sessions also suggest ways to incorporate an ELF perspective into the ELT classrooms. Further, it addresses the issue of the gap between theory and practice in research on Global Englishes in Language Teaching （GELT） where a ＂conceptual gap＂ is often found. The study is of value to those interested in ELT curriculum evaluation and design to meet the needs of both ELT and ELF community in countries like Japan and Indonesia.
