Forest degradation induced by intensive forest management and temperature increase by climate change are resulting in biodiversity decline in boreal forests.Intensive forest management and high-end climate emission sc...Forest degradation induced by intensive forest management and temperature increase by climate change are resulting in biodiversity decline in boreal forests.Intensive forest management and high-end climate emission scenarios can further reduce the amount and diversity of deadwood,the limiting factor for habitats for saproxylic species in European boreal forests.The magnitude of their combined effects and how changes in forest management can affect deadwood diversity under a range of climate change scenarios are poorly understood.We used forest growth simulations to evaluate how forest management and climate change will individually and jointly affect habitats of red-listed saproxylic species in Finland.We simulated seven forest management regimes and three climate scenarios(reference,RCP4.5 and RCP8.5)over 100 years.Management regimes included set aside,continuous cover forestry,business-as-usual(BAU)and four modifications of BAU.Habitat suitability was assessed using a speciesspecific habitat suitability index,including 21 fungal and invertebrate species groups.“Winner”and“loser”species were identified based on the modelled impacts of forest management and climate change on their habitat suitability.We found that forest management had a major impact on habitat suitability of saproxylic species compared to climate change.Habitat suitability index varied by over 250%among management regimes,while overall change in habitat suitability index caused by climate change was on average only 2%.More species groups were identified as winners than losers from impacts of climate change(52%–95%were winners,depending on the climate change scenario and management regime).The largest increase in habitat suitability index was achieved under set aside(254%)and the climate scenario RCP8.5(>2%),while continuous cover forestry was the most suitable regime to increase habitat suitability of saproxylic species(up to+11%)across all climate change scenarios.Our results show that close-to-nature management regimes(e.g.,continuous cover forestry and set aside)can increase the habitat suitability of many saproxylic boreal species more than the basic business-as-usual regime.This suggests that biodiversity loss of many saproxylic species in boreal forests can be mitigated through improved forest management practices,even as climate change progresses.展开更多
Stomatopods are better known as mantis shrimp with considerable ecological importance in wide coastal waters globally. Some stomatopod species are exploited commercially, including Oratosquilla oratoria in the Northwe...Stomatopods are better known as mantis shrimp with considerable ecological importance in wide coastal waters globally. Some stomatopod species are exploited commercially, including Oratosquilla oratoria in the Northwest Pacific. Yet, few studies have published to promote accurate habitat identification of stomatopods, obstructing scientific management and conservation of these valuable organisms. This study provides an ensemble modeling framework for habitat suitability modeling of stomatopods, utilizing the O. oratoria stock in the Bohai Sea as an example. Two modeling techniques(i.e., generalized additive model(GAM) and geographical weighted regression(GWR)) were applied to select environmental predictors(especially the selection between two types of sediment metrics) that better characterize O. oratoria distribution and build separate habitat suitability models(HSM). The performance of the individual HSMs were compared on interpolation accuracy and transferability.Then, they were integrated to check whether the ensemble model outperforms either individual model, according to fishers’ knowledge and scientific survey data. As a result, grain-size metrics of sediment outperformed sediment content metrics in modeling O. oratoria habitat, possibly because grain-size metrics not only reflect the effect of substrates on burrow development, but also link to sediment heat capacity which influences individual thermoregulation. Moreover, the GWR-based HSM outperformed the GAM-based HSM in interpolation accuracy,while the latter one displayed better transferability. On balance, the ensemble HSM appeared to improve the predictive performance overall, as it could avoid dependence on a single model type and successfully identified fisher-recognized and survey-indicated suitable habitats in either sparsely sampled or well investigated areas.展开更多
Habitat evaluation constitutes an important and fundamental step in the management of wildlife populations and conservation policy planning. Geographic information system (GIS) and species presence data provide the ...Habitat evaluation constitutes an important and fundamental step in the management of wildlife populations and conservation policy planning. Geographic information system (GIS) and species presence data provide the means by which such evaluation can be done. Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) is widely used in habitat suitability modeling due to its power of accuracy and additional descriptive properties To survey snow leopard populations in Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) National Nature Reserve (QNNR), Xizang (Tibet), China, we pooled 127 pugmarks, 415 scrape marks, and 127 non-invasive identifications of the animal along line transects and recorded 87 occurrences through camera traps from 2014-2017. We adopted the MaxEnt model to generate a map highlighting the extent of suitable snow leopard habitat in QNNR. Results showed that the accuracy of the MaxEnt model was excellent (mean AUC=0.921). Precipitation in the driest quarter, ruggedness, elevation, maximum temperature of the warmest month, and annual mean temperature were the main environmental factors influencing habitat suitability for snow leopards, with contribution rates of 20.0%, 14.4%, 13.3%, 8.7%, and 8.2% respectively The suitable habitat area extended for 7 001.93 km^2, representing 22.72% of the whole reserve. The regions bordering Nepal were the main suitable snow leopard habitats and consisted of three separate habitat patches Our findings revealed that precipitation, temperature conditions, ruggedness, and elevations of around 4 000 m a.s.I, influenced snow leopard preferences at the landscape level in QNNR. We advocate further research and cooperation with Nepal to evaluate habitat connectivity and to explore possible proxies of population isolation among these patches. Furthermore, evaluation of subdivisions within the protection zones of QNNR is necessary to improve conservation strategies and enhance protection.展开更多
Habitat suitability index(HSI)models have been widely used to analyze the relationship between species abundance and environmental factors,and ultimately inform management of marine species.The response of species abu...Habitat suitability index(HSI)models have been widely used to analyze the relationship between species abundance and environmental factors,and ultimately inform management of marine species.The response of species abundance to each environmental variable is different and habitat requirements may change over life history stages and seasons.Therefore,it is necessary to determine the optimal combination of environmental variables in HSI modelling.In this study,generalized additive models(GAMs)were used to determine which environmental variables to be included in the HSI models.Significant variables were retained and weighted in the HSI model according to their relative contribution(%)to the total deviation explained by the boosted regression tree(BRT).The HSI models were applied to evaluate the habitat suitability of mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in the Haizhou Bay and adjacent areas in 2011 and 2013–2017.Ontogenetic and seasonal variations in HSI models of mantis shrimp were also examined.Among the four models(non-optimized model,BRT informed HSI model,GAM informed HSI model,and both BRT and GAM informed HSI model),both BRT and GAM informed HSI model showed the best performance.Four environmental variables(bottom temperature,depth,distance offshore and sediment type)were selected in the HSI models for four groups(spring-juvenile,spring-adult,falljuvenile and fall-adult)of mantis shrimp.The distribution of habitat suitability showed similar patterns between juveniles and adults,but obvious seasonal variations were observed.This study suggests that the process of optimizing environmental variables in HSI models improves the performance of HSI models,and this optimization strategy could be extended to other marine organisms to enhance the understanding of the habitat suitability of target species.展开更多
Massive geological landslides and unstable landslide areas were triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. These landslides caused deaths, damaged infrastructure and threatened endanger species. This study analyzed th...Massive geological landslides and unstable landslide areas were triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. These landslides caused deaths, damaged infrastructure and threatened endanger species. This study analyzed the impact of landslides on giant pandas and their habitats from the following aspects: threatening pandas‘ lives, damaging pandas‘ habitat, influencing giant panda behavior, increasing habitat fragmentation; the final aspect, and blocking gene flow by cutting off corridors. A habitat suitability map was created by integrating the landslide factors with other traditional factors based on a logistics regression method. According to the landslide inventory map, there are 1313 landslides, 818 rock debris flows, 117 rock avalanches and 43 mud flows occurred in the study area. A correlation analysis indicated that landslides caused the pandas to migrate, and the core landslides within 1 km2 had greater influence on panda migration. These core landslides primarily occurred in mid-altitude regionscharacterized by high slopes, old geological ages, large areas and large rock mass volumes. The habitat suitability assessment results for the Wolong Natural Reserve had better prediction performance(80.9%) and demonstrated that 14.5%, 15.9%, 20.5%, 47.6% and 1.5% of the study area can be classified as very high, high, moderate, low and very low giant panda suitability areas, respectively. This study can be used to inform panda and panda habitat research, management and protection during post-quake reconstruction and recovery periods in China.展开更多
Understanding the influence of environmental covariates on plant distribution is critical,especially for aquatic plant species.Climate change is likely to alter the distribution of aquatic species.However,knowledge of...Understanding the influence of environmental covariates on plant distribution is critical,especially for aquatic plant species.Climate change is likely to alter the distribution of aquatic species.However,knowledge of this change on the burden of aquatic macroorganisms is often fraught with difficulty.Ottelia,a model genus for studying the evolution of the aquatic family Hydrocharitaceae,is mainly distributed in slow-flowing creeks,rivers,or lakes throughout pantropical regions in the world.Due to recent rapid climate changes,natural Ottelia populations have declined significantly.By modeling the effects of climate change on the distribution of Ottelia species and assessing the degree of niche similarity,we sought to identify high suitability regions and help formulate conservation strategies.The models use known background points to determine how environmental covariates vary spatially and produce continental maps of the distribution of the Ottelia species in Africa.Additionally,we estimated the possible influences of the optimistic and extreme pessimistic representative concentration pathways scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 for the 2050s.Our results show that the distinct distribution patterns of studied Ottelia species were influenced by topography(elevation)and climate(e.g.,mean temperature of driest quarter,annual precipitation,and precipitation of the driest month).While there is a lack of accord in defining the limiting factors for the distribution of Ottelia species,it is clear that water-temperature conditions have promising effects when kept within optimal ranges.We also note that climate change will impact Ottelia by accelerating fragmentation and habitat loss.The assessment of niche overlap revealed that Ottelia cylindrica and O.verdickii had slightly more similar niches than the other Ottelia species.The present findings identify the need to enhance conservation efforts to safeguard natural Ottelia populations and provide a theoretical basis for the distribution of various Ottelia species in Africa.展开更多
The habitat suitability index(HSI) model was used to identify potential sites for sustainable restoration of ark shell, Scapharca subcrenata(Lischke), in the shallow water of Xiaoheishan Island, using a geographic inf...The habitat suitability index(HSI) model was used to identify potential sites for sustainable restoration of ark shell, Scapharca subcrenata(Lischke), in the shallow water of Xiaoheishan Island, using a geographic information system framework. The seven input variables of the HSI model were sediment composition, water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, water depth, p H, and ammonia. A non-linear suitability function for each variable factor was used to transform the value into a normalized quality index ranging from 0(nonsuitability) to 1(best suitability). In present study, the analysis of habitat suitability was conducted for four seasons respectively. The majority of the study area has a high HSI value(>0.6) year round, which implies a strong suitability for restoration, with the optimal habitat located on the eastern side of the island.Correspondence analysis indicated that water temperature was the main factor causing seasonal variation,while sediment composition and water depth were the two major reasons for the differences in sites. The results of this work could provide support for restoration decision making through identification of potential sites for sustainable establishment of S. subcrenata.展开更多
Over the last several decades,the Mediterranean region has been subjected to mountain abandonment and farming cessation,leading to changes in vegetation and coenological features of grasslands,contextually to the stro...Over the last several decades,the Mediterranean region has been subjected to mountain abandonment and farming cessation,leading to changes in vegetation and coenological features of grasslands,contextually to the strong decline of the rock partridge(Alectoris graeca).Our hypothesis was that the ongoing dynamic processes leading to the compositional changes of grasslands in central Apennines affect the habitat suitability for the singing male(territorial male defending its reproductive site).In 2015,we defined the presence/absence of spring territorial singing males in seven sites(1,250-2,400 m a.s.l.),by the census in 74 playback stations,distributed along 15 transects.We characterized the topography and the vegetation mosaic of such sites according to the collected topographic and vegetation cover data in 59 randomly selected plots(100 m×100 m)along the transects.To understand the relations among the environmental variables and the effect of the composition and dynamism of the vegetation mosaics on the presence/absence of the singing male,we used principal components analysis and generalized linear mixed-effect modelling.Our results emphasized the marked overlap between the general environmental conditions,which proved to define the habitat suitability for A.graeca,and the characteristics of the site chosen by the singing male for starting the reproductive activities.Moreover,we found that the site suitability for the singing male decreases when the vegetation recovery processes are ongoing,because of the spread of coarse tall grassesdominated communities and/or grassland types with dense turf.Tall grass-dominated communities and thick-turf grasslands exert their negative effect decreasing the habitat suitability for the singing male starting from low cover values.Therefore,it is conceivable that singing male’s suitable habitat will be dramatically restricted to the steepest south-facing slopes,where topographic and soil conditions do not allow the spread of grasslands with dense turf and of invasive/dominant tall grasses,increasing the threat to the species due to the effect of climate change on the vegetation features.展开更多
The habitats for the wild animals are shrinking due to the clearance of forests for agriculture and industrialization.The idea of wildlife conservation begins with the identification of their acceptable habitat.Since ...The habitats for the wild animals are shrinking due to the clearance of forests for agriculture and industrialization.The idea of wildlife conservation begins with the identification of their acceptable habitat.Since this crucial information helps in the development and maintenance of the protected areas.The requirement of habitat varies with different landscapes.The bluebull(Boselaphus tragocamelus)is Asia’s largest antelope,widespread throughout the northern Indian subcontinent.Peter Simon Pallasin(1766)described it as the only member of the genus Boselaphus.The Wildlife(Protection)Act of 1972 lists it as a Schedule III animal,while the IUCN lists it as Least Concern(LC).Our goal was to design a habitat appropriateness model for blue bull so that it could reduce the conflict with farming community due to crop damage.Model will be develop using RS&GIS technique to protect the species inside the Pench Tiger Reserve(77°55’W to 79°35’E and 21°08’S to 22°00’N)the central highlands of India.The satellite data from LANDSAT-8 of 4th April 2015,Path-144,Row-45,with a ground resolution of 30 meters,were collected from the USGS website.This satellite image was then transferred in image format to ERDAS IMAGINE 2013 for further analysis.The data from satellites were gathered and analysed.The purpose of the field survey was to gather information about the presence of various ungulates.A ground truthing exercise was also carried out.For data processing and GIS analysis,ERDAS IMAGINE 13 and Arc GIS 10 were used.Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP)was used Factors were identified who were influencing the spatial distribution of the species for conservation planning.The linear additive model was used for HSI.The results show that 242 km^(2)(29.48 percent)of Pench Tiger Reserve forest was recognized to be highly suitable for bluebull,while 196 km^(2)(23.87 percent)was moderately suitable,231 km^(2)(28.14 percent)was suitable,109 km^(2)(13.28 percent)was least suitable,and about 43 km^(2)(5.249 percent)of PTR was completely avoided by bluebull.展开更多
Study of the climate variability in the past and present, and correlating those with changes in the distribution range of species has attracted considerable research interest. The genus Ablepharus consists of 10 recog...Study of the climate variability in the past and present, and correlating those with changes in the distribution range of species has attracted considerable research interest. The genus Ablepharus consists of 10 recognized species, of which A. bivittatus, A. grayanus and A. pannonicus are documented from Iran. In the present study, we modeled with MaxEnt the potential distribution areas and determined the suitable habitats in past (mid-Holocene [MH], and the Last Interglacial [LIG]) and their current distribution for two species of snake-eyed skinks (A. grayanus and A. pannonicus) separately. Models of the species indicated good fit by the average high area under the curve (AUC) values (A. grayanus = 0.929 4- 0.087 and A. pannonicus = 0.979 4- 0.007). Precipitation of the driest quarter of the year, mean temperature of the coldest quarter of the year, and precipitation of the driest month variables made important contributions to A. grayanus. Two important climate variables contributed importantly to A. pannonicus; temperature seasonality, and mean temperature of the wettest quarter of the year, and one topographic variable, slope. We conclude that these variables form a natural barrier for species dispersal. The MH and the LGM models indicated a larger suitable area than the current distribution.展开更多
In this paper,based on the finite volume method,a high-precision hydrodynamic model coupled with the habitat suitability model is established,and the computational efficiency of the coupled model is improved by a grap...In this paper,based on the finite volume method,a high-precision hydrodynamic model coupled with the habitat suitability model is established,and the computational efficiency of the coupled model is improved by a graphics processing unit(GPU)-accelerated technology.The coupled model is used to solve the problem of the non-conservation of mass that may be caused by the nearshore hydrodynamic model in the processing of wetting and drying,while avoiding the unphysical high velocities at the wetting and drying boundaries.The coupled model is applied to simulate the high-precision hydrodynamic process of the Liao River estuary(LRE)and the hydrological habitat suitability of the estuarine vegetation(Suaeda heteroptera)growing in the LRE.The simulated values of the hydrological variables(the water level,the water depth,the current velocity and direction)are highly consistent with the measured values.The root mean square errors(RMSE)of the hydrological variables are 0.10m,0.12m/s and 17.24°,respectively.Furthermore,the simulated combined suitability index(CSI)distribution of Suaeda heteroptera(S.heteroptera)matches with the distribution of S.heteroptera obtained from the high-resolution remote sensing satellite images during the same time period.The ratio of the simulated weighted usable area(WUA)of S.heteroptera to the area obtained from the remote sensing satellite images during the same period is 81.9%.This study reveals the phenomenon that the distribution of S.heteroptera in the LRE is highly correlated with the high-precision hydrodynamic processes,and provides a scientific basis and a valuable reference for the conservation and the restoration of the estuarine vegetation.展开更多
Alpine treeline ecotones are highly sensitive to climate warming.The low temperature-determined alpine treeline is expected to shift upwards in response to global warming.However,little is known about how temperature ...Alpine treeline ecotones are highly sensitive to climate warming.The low temperature-determined alpine treeline is expected to shift upwards in response to global warming.However,little is known about how temperature interacts with other important factors to influence the distribution range of tree species within and beyond the alpine treeline ecotone.Hence,we used a GF-2 satellite image,along with bioclimatic and topographic variables,to develop an ensemble suitable habitat model based on the species distribution modeling algorithms in Biomod2.We investigated the distribution of suitable habitats for B.ermanii under three climate change scenarios(i.e.,low(SSP126),moderate(SSP370)and extreme(SSP585)future emission trajectories)between two consecutive time periods(i.e.,current-2055,and 2055-2085).By 2055,the potential distribution range of B.ermanii will expand under all three climate scenarios.The medium and high suitable areas will decline under SSP370 and SSP585scenarios from 2055 to 2085.Moreover,under the three climate scenarios,the uppermost altitudes of low suitable habitat will rise to 2,329 m a.s.l.,while the altitudes of medium and high suitable habitats will fall to 2,201 and2,051 m a.s.l.by 2085,respectively.Warming promotes the expansion of B.ermanii distribution range in Changbai Mountain,and this expansion will be modified by precipitation as climate warming continues.This interaction between temperature and precipitation plays a significant role in shaping the potential distribution range of B.ermanii in the alpine treeline ecotone.This study reveals the link between environmental factors,habitat distribution,and species distribution in the alpine treeline ecotone,providing valuable insights into the impacts of climate change on high-elevation vegetation,and contributing to mountain biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.展开更多
Tulipa iliensis,as a wild plant resource,possesses high ornamental value and can provide abundant parental materials for tulip breeding.The objective of this research was to forecast the worldwide geographical spread ...Tulipa iliensis,as a wild plant resource,possesses high ornamental value and can provide abundant parental materials for tulip breeding.The objective of this research was to forecast the worldwide geographical spread of Tulipa iliensis by considering bioclimatic,soil,and topographic variables,the findings of this research can act as a benchmark for the conservation,management,and utilization of Tulipa iliensis as a wild plant resource.Research results indicate that all 12 models have an area under curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)values greater than 0.968 for the paleoclimatic,current,and future climate scenarios,this suggests an exceptionally high level of predictive accuracy for the models.The distribution of Tulipa iliensis is influenced by several key factors.These factors include the mean temperature of the driest quarter(Bio9),calcium carbonate content(T_CACO3),slope,precipitation of the driest month(Bio14),Basic saturation(T_BS),and precipitation of the coldest quarter(Bio19).During the three paleoclimate climate scenarios,the appropriate habitats for Tulipa iliensis showed a pattern of expansion-contraction expansion.Furthermore,the total suitable area accounted for 13.38%,12.28%,and 13.28%of the mainland area,respectively.According to the current climate scenario,the High-suitability area covers 61.78472×10^(4)km^(2),which accounts for 6.57%of the total suitable area,The Midsuitability area covers 190.0938×10^(4)km^(2),accounting for 20.2%of the total suitable area,this represents a decrease of 63.53%~67.13%compared to the suitable area of Tulipa iliensis under the paleoclimate scenario.Under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSP)scenarios,in 2050 and 2090,Tulipa iliensis is projected to experience a decrease in the High,Mid,and Low-suitability areas under the SSP126 climate scenario by 7.10%~12.96%,2.96%~4.27%and 4.80%~7.96%,respectively.According to the SSP245 scenario,the high suitability area experienced a slight expansion of 2.26%in 2050,but a reduction of 6.32%in 2090.In the SSP370 scenario,the High-suitability areas had a larger reduction rate of 11.24%in 2050,while the Mid-suitability and Low-suitability areas had smaller expansion rates of 0.36%and 4.86%,respectively.In 2090,the High-suitability area decreased by 4.84%,while the Mid and Low-suitability areas experienced significant expansions of 15.73%and 45.89%,respectively.According to the SSP585 scenario,in the future,the High,Mid,and Low-suitability areas are projected to increase by 5.09%~7.21%,7.57%~17.66%,and 12.30%~48.98%,respectively.The research offers enhanced theoretical direction for preserving Tulipa iliensis’genetic variety amidst evolving climatic scenarios.展开更多
Background:Forest management affects the habitat conditions for many forest-dwelling species.Among them,the capercaillie(Tetrao urogallus)is a rare forest grouse inhabiting old,mature forests.We compared the structure...Background:Forest management affects the habitat conditions for many forest-dwelling species.Among them,the capercaillie(Tetrao urogallus)is a rare forest grouse inhabiting old,mature forests.We compared the structure of forest habitat among 9 active and 9 abandoned leks in the Augustow Forest(North-Eastern Poland),within a radius of 1 km of the leks,defined as the Key Areas for the capercaillie in lowland temperate forest.Habitat measurements were conducted on 1779 circular plots.Assessments made on all plots related to 13 habitat variables measured or noted in the field,including stand structure,canopy closure,stand developmental stage,percentage of Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris),soil fertility and soil moisture,the share of undergrowth,the cover of shrubs,the cover of bilberry(Vaccinium sp.),and the presence of certain habitat elements important to the capercaillie.Results:To compare the still-occupied and the abandoned KAs for the capercaillie,a logistic regression model was developed.The variables best explaining differences between these two categories were:the occurrence of undergrowth layers,canopy closure in the second canopy layer,and stand age.According to the model,with the increase of the shrub-layer cover as well as the density of trees,the probability of the presence of the capercaillie decreased.The capercaillie in the area of the Augustow Forest occupy mainly dry and poor,middle-aged,pinedominated forests,with a moderate extent of stand canopy closure and only weakly-developed layers of undergrowth.Conclusions:The filling-in of mature stands with sub-canopy trees and shrubs(the process which is stimulated by climate change and site eutrophication)causes structural changes,which are unfavourable to the capercaillie.This might explain why in the course of the recent decades the capercaillie has abandoned the oldest stands,distinguished by the presence of bigger shares of undergrowth.The capercaillie has shifted to younger stands,which reveal a lesser extent of canopy closure and a more limited development of understorey vegetation.展开更多
Finding the right balance between timber production and the management of forest-dependent wildlife species,present a difficult challenge for forest resource managers and policy makers in Okinawa,Japan.A possible expl...Finding the right balance between timber production and the management of forest-dependent wildlife species,present a difficult challenge for forest resource managers and policy makers in Okinawa,Japan.A possible explanation of this can be found in the unique nature of the forest management area which is populated with various kinds of rare and endangered species.This issue has been brought to light as a result of the nomination of northern Okinawa Island in 2018 as a candidate for World Natural Heritage site.The nomination has raised public awareness to the possibility of conflicting management objectives between timber extraction and the conservation of habitat for forest-dependent wildlife species.Managing exclusively for one objective over the other may fail to meet the demand for both forest products and wildlife habitat,ultimately jeopardizing the stability of human and wildlife communities.It is therefore important to achieve a better balance between the objective of timber production and conservation of wildlife habitat.Despite the significance of this subject area,current ongoing discussions on how to effectively manage for forest resources,often lack scientific basis to make sound judgement or evaluate tradeoffs between conflicting objectives.Quantifying the effect of these forest management activities on wildlife habitat provides useful and important information needed to make forest management and policy decisions.In this study we develop a spatial timber harvest scheduling model that incorporates habitat suitability index(HSI)models for the Okinawa Rail(Gallirallus okinawae),an endangered avian species found on Okinawa,Japan.To illustrate how the proposed coupling model assembles spatial information,which ultimately aids the study of forest management effects on wildlife habitat,we apply these models to a forest area in Okinawa and conduct a simple simulation analysis.展开更多
The quality of environmental data and its possible impact on the marine species habitat modelling are often overlooked while the sources for these data are increasing.This study selected sea surface temperature(SST)fr...The quality of environmental data and its possible impact on the marine species habitat modelling are often overlooked while the sources for these data are increasing.This study selected sea surface temperature(SST)from two commonly used sources,the NOAA Ocean Watch and IRI/LDEO Climate Data Library,and then constructed habitat suitability index model to evaluate the influences of SST from the two sources on the outcomes of Ommastrephes bartramii habitat models for the months of July–October in the Northwest Pacific Ocean during 1996–2012.This study examined the differences in the amount of estimated unfavourable/favourable habitat area when the SST used for model building and inference were the same or different.Dynamics in suitable habitat area calculated from SST was insensitive to the two different SST products.In the fishing season of O.bartramii,the changes of magnitude and trend of monthly suitable habitat area in August and September were similar over time,whereas there were large differences for July and October.Importantly,there is a substantial lack of consistency in the O.bartramii habitat distribution based on SST of two sources.This study considered the sources of environmental data for habitat modelling and then inferred species habitat distribution whether by the same or different data source.展开更多
For the earth material construction is the most used one in Chad, the object of this work is the assessment of the thermal quality of earthen adobe mixed with straw. Different simulation software analyzes the CoDyBa w...For the earth material construction is the most used one in Chad, the object of this work is the assessment of the thermal quality of earthen adobe mixed with straw. Different simulation software analyzes the CoDyBa which is conducted to determine the behavior of this material compared to living comfort thanks to the Fanger model, which is a method of approach to thermal comfort standpoint. The study focused on two configurations on the formation of the walls of a room. The first of these configurations led to the definition of a first cell constructed earthen adobe named Batter roofing sheet aluminum and a second cell built in blocks named Batbet which had the same geometric characteristics (thickness, dimensions and side openings) and covered in the same manner as the ground cell. The different comfort indices PMV and PPD values of these two configurations of habitat were identified and were used to determine their thermal comfort rating.展开更多
Fisheries in Lake Victoria have been threatened by declining fish stocks and diversity, environmental degradation due to increased input of pollutants, industrial and municipal waste, overfishing and use of unapproved...Fisheries in Lake Victoria have been threatened by declining fish stocks and diversity, environmental degradation due to increased input of pollutants, industrial and municipal waste, overfishing and use of unapproved fishing <span style="font-family:Verdana;">methods, infestation by aquatic weeds especially water hyacinth, de-oxygenation</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and a reduction in the quantity and quality of water. Remote sensing and GIS are essential tools in detection of fishing grounds which is important in providing fish sustainability for human beings and allows fishing grounds detection at minimal cost and optimizes effort. This research tends to identify the most favorable both environmentally and ecologically satisfactory factors which favor fish breeding and growth. The main aim of the study was to identify habitat variables that promote fish breeding and growth to maturity including the extraction of environmental variables from Landsat 8 images for the study period and using suitability index derived from fishery data. The study concentrated on establishing suitability ratings in different parts of Lake Victoria using lake surface temperature and chlorophyll-a levels. The study was conducted for months;January, May and December 2019 on Lake Victoria (limited by the availability of recent data). The factors were analysed and the favorable regions mapped satisfying the conditions for fish breeding. The output obtained illustrated the availability of suitable and habitable zones within the lake using satellite imagery and the suitability index. The fish catch data and satellite derived variables were used to determine habitat suitability indices for fish during January, May and December 2019. More than 90% of the total catch was found to come from the areas with sea surface temperature of 23.0˚C - 28.3˚C and chlorophyll-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">concentration between 0.72 - 1.31 mg/m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;vertical-align:super;">3</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The catch data was used to validate the images. This study indicated the capability of High Satellite Resolution Imageries (HSI) as a tool to map the potential fishing grounds of fish species in Lake Victoria. The variables were affected by climatic change factors like rainfall and temperature of the lake basin and other human activities around the lake and also the species ecosystem like competition or predation.</span>展开更多
Habitat loss and fragmentation have been associated with the decline of endangered species. In 1987, a catastrophic fire in the northern Great Hing'an Mountains of China, where the main habitat of sables (Martes zib...Habitat loss and fragmentation have been associated with the decline of endangered species. In 1987, a catastrophic fire in the northern Great Hing'an Mountains of China, where the main habitat of sables (Martes zibellina) is located, aggravated the loss and fragmentation of the forest landscape. Due to restricted distribution and low population density, sables were listed in the national first-grade protected species in China. The objective of this paper was to identify to what extent the habitat of sables had been restored 13 years after the fire. Based on the behavioral data, which came from field survey information by radio-tracking, GPS (Global Positioning System) and forest inventory data, suitability habitat maps were derived using the Ecological Niche Suitability Model (ENSM). In addition, the habitat structure was analyzed with selected landscape indices. Although forest cover mostly had been restored by 2000, the results indicated that, compared to the pre-fire situation, the areas of suitable habitat had been reduced significantly, especially those of less suitable, marginally suitable and moderately suitable designation. Fragmentation was aggravated, and suitable patches were found to be further isolated with the exception of those in most suitable areas. The ratio of the patch perimeter to area in unsuitable, moderately suitable and suitable areas decreased, while the ratios within other suitability types increased. Moreover, the percentage of soft boundaries decreased slightly, which can influence the redistribution of sables. The results above indicated that the suitable habitat had deteriorated, and the restoration of the sables' habitat remained to be done.展开更多
Over the last decades,the species distribution model(SDM)has become an essential tool for studying the potential eff ects of climate change on species distribution.In this study,an ensemble SDM was developed to predic...Over the last decades,the species distribution model(SDM)has become an essential tool for studying the potential eff ects of climate change on species distribution.In this study,an ensemble SDM was developed to predict the changes in species distribution of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus across diff erent seasons in the future(2050s and 2100s)under the climate scenarios of Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)4.5 and RCP8.5.Results of the ensemble SDM indicate that the distribution of this species will move northward and exhibit evident seasonal variations.Among the four seasons,the suitable habitat for this species will be signifi cantly reduced in summer,with loss rates ranging from 45.23%(RCP4.5)to 88.26%(RCP.8.5)by the 2100s.The loss of habitat will mostly occur in the East China Sea and the southern part of the Yellow Sea,while a slight increase in habitat will occur in the northern part of the Bohai Sea.These fi ndings provide an information forecast for this species in the future.Such forecast will be helpful in improving fi shery management under climate change.展开更多
基金Open access funding provided by Norwegian University of Life Sciences。
文摘Forest degradation induced by intensive forest management and temperature increase by climate change are resulting in biodiversity decline in boreal forests.Intensive forest management and high-end climate emission scenarios can further reduce the amount and diversity of deadwood,the limiting factor for habitats for saproxylic species in European boreal forests.The magnitude of their combined effects and how changes in forest management can affect deadwood diversity under a range of climate change scenarios are poorly understood.We used forest growth simulations to evaluate how forest management and climate change will individually and jointly affect habitats of red-listed saproxylic species in Finland.We simulated seven forest management regimes and three climate scenarios(reference,RCP4.5 and RCP8.5)over 100 years.Management regimes included set aside,continuous cover forestry,business-as-usual(BAU)and four modifications of BAU.Habitat suitability was assessed using a speciesspecific habitat suitability index,including 21 fungal and invertebrate species groups.“Winner”and“loser”species were identified based on the modelled impacts of forest management and climate change on their habitat suitability.We found that forest management had a major impact on habitat suitability of saproxylic species compared to climate change.Habitat suitability index varied by over 250%among management regimes,while overall change in habitat suitability index caused by climate change was on average only 2%.More species groups were identified as winners than losers from impacts of climate change(52%–95%were winners,depending on the climate change scenario and management regime).The largest increase in habitat suitability index was achieved under set aside(254%)and the climate scenario RCP8.5(>2%),while continuous cover forestry was the most suitable regime to increase habitat suitability of saproxylic species(up to+11%)across all climate change scenarios.Our results show that close-to-nature management regimes(e.g.,continuous cover forestry and set aside)can increase the habitat suitability of many saproxylic boreal species more than the basic business-as-usual regime.This suggests that biodiversity loss of many saproxylic species in boreal forests can be mitigated through improved forest management practices,even as climate change progresses.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.31902375the David and Lucile Packard Foundation+1 种基金the Innovation Team of Fishery Resources and Ecology in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea under contract No.2020TD01the Special Funds for Taishan Scholars Project of Shandong Province。
文摘Stomatopods are better known as mantis shrimp with considerable ecological importance in wide coastal waters globally. Some stomatopod species are exploited commercially, including Oratosquilla oratoria in the Northwest Pacific. Yet, few studies have published to promote accurate habitat identification of stomatopods, obstructing scientific management and conservation of these valuable organisms. This study provides an ensemble modeling framework for habitat suitability modeling of stomatopods, utilizing the O. oratoria stock in the Bohai Sea as an example. Two modeling techniques(i.e., generalized additive model(GAM) and geographical weighted regression(GWR)) were applied to select environmental predictors(especially the selection between two types of sediment metrics) that better characterize O. oratoria distribution and build separate habitat suitability models(HSM). The performance of the individual HSMs were compared on interpolation accuracy and transferability.Then, they were integrated to check whether the ensemble model outperforms either individual model, according to fishers’ knowledge and scientific survey data. As a result, grain-size metrics of sediment outperformed sediment content metrics in modeling O. oratoria habitat, possibly because grain-size metrics not only reflect the effect of substrates on burrow development, but also link to sediment heat capacity which influences individual thermoregulation. Moreover, the GWR-based HSM outperformed the GAM-based HSM in interpolation accuracy,while the latter one displayed better transferability. On balance, the ensemble HSM appeared to improve the predictive performance overall, as it could avoid dependence on a single model type and successfully identified fisher-recognized and survey-indicated suitable habitats in either sparsely sampled or well investigated areas.
基金funded primarily by the Everest Snow Leopard Conservation Center,a partnership initiative of Vanke Foundation and Qomolangma National Nature Reserve Administration
文摘Habitat evaluation constitutes an important and fundamental step in the management of wildlife populations and conservation policy planning. Geographic information system (GIS) and species presence data provide the means by which such evaluation can be done. Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) is widely used in habitat suitability modeling due to its power of accuracy and additional descriptive properties To survey snow leopard populations in Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) National Nature Reserve (QNNR), Xizang (Tibet), China, we pooled 127 pugmarks, 415 scrape marks, and 127 non-invasive identifications of the animal along line transects and recorded 87 occurrences through camera traps from 2014-2017. We adopted the MaxEnt model to generate a map highlighting the extent of suitable snow leopard habitat in QNNR. Results showed that the accuracy of the MaxEnt model was excellent (mean AUC=0.921). Precipitation in the driest quarter, ruggedness, elevation, maximum temperature of the warmest month, and annual mean temperature were the main environmental factors influencing habitat suitability for snow leopards, with contribution rates of 20.0%, 14.4%, 13.3%, 8.7%, and 8.2% respectively The suitable habitat area extended for 7 001.93 km^2, representing 22.72% of the whole reserve. The regions bordering Nepal were the main suitable snow leopard habitats and consisted of three separate habitat patches Our findings revealed that precipitation, temperature conditions, ruggedness, and elevations of around 4 000 m a.s.I, influenced snow leopard preferences at the landscape level in QNNR. We advocate further research and cooperation with Nepal to evaluate habitat connectivity and to explore possible proxies of population isolation among these patches. Furthermore, evaluation of subdivisions within the protection zones of QNNR is necessary to improve conservation strategies and enhance protection.
基金The National Key R&D Program of China under contract No.2017YFE0104400the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.31772852the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)under contract No.2018SDKJ0501-2。
文摘Habitat suitability index(HSI)models have been widely used to analyze the relationship between species abundance and environmental factors,and ultimately inform management of marine species.The response of species abundance to each environmental variable is different and habitat requirements may change over life history stages and seasons.Therefore,it is necessary to determine the optimal combination of environmental variables in HSI modelling.In this study,generalized additive models(GAMs)were used to determine which environmental variables to be included in the HSI models.Significant variables were retained and weighted in the HSI model according to their relative contribution(%)to the total deviation explained by the boosted regression tree(BRT).The HSI models were applied to evaluate the habitat suitability of mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in the Haizhou Bay and adjacent areas in 2011 and 2013–2017.Ontogenetic and seasonal variations in HSI models of mantis shrimp were also examined.Among the four models(non-optimized model,BRT informed HSI model,GAM informed HSI model,and both BRT and GAM informed HSI model),both BRT and GAM informed HSI model showed the best performance.Four environmental variables(bottom temperature,depth,distance offshore and sediment type)were selected in the HSI models for four groups(spring-juvenile,spring-adult,falljuvenile and fall-adult)of mantis shrimp.The distribution of habitat suitability showed similar patterns between juveniles and adults,but obvious seasonal variations were observed.This study suggests that the process of optimizing environmental variables in HSI models improves the performance of HSI models,and this optimization strategy could be extended to other marine organisms to enhance the understanding of the habitat suitability of target species.
基金supported by program of international S&T Cooperation"Fined Earth Observation and Recognition of The Impact of the Global Change of on World Heritage Sites"(Grant No.2013DFG21640)Open Fund of the center for Earth observation and Digital Earth,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2013LDE006)
文摘Massive geological landslides and unstable landslide areas were triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. These landslides caused deaths, damaged infrastructure and threatened endanger species. This study analyzed the impact of landslides on giant pandas and their habitats from the following aspects: threatening pandas‘ lives, damaging pandas‘ habitat, influencing giant panda behavior, increasing habitat fragmentation; the final aspect, and blocking gene flow by cutting off corridors. A habitat suitability map was created by integrating the landslide factors with other traditional factors based on a logistics regression method. According to the landslide inventory map, there are 1313 landslides, 818 rock debris flows, 117 rock avalanches and 43 mud flows occurred in the study area. A correlation analysis indicated that landslides caused the pandas to migrate, and the core landslides within 1 km2 had greater influence on panda migration. These core landslides primarily occurred in mid-altitude regionscharacterized by high slopes, old geological ages, large areas and large rock mass volumes. The habitat suitability assessment results for the Wolong Natural Reserve had better prediction performance(80.9%) and demonstrated that 14.5%, 15.9%, 20.5%, 47.6% and 1.5% of the study area can be classified as very high, high, moderate, low and very low giant panda suitability areas, respectively. This study can be used to inform panda and panda habitat research, management and protection during post-quake reconstruction and recovery periods in China.
基金funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.XDB 31000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.32070253 and 32100186)the Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (No. SAJC201322)
文摘Understanding the influence of environmental covariates on plant distribution is critical,especially for aquatic plant species.Climate change is likely to alter the distribution of aquatic species.However,knowledge of this change on the burden of aquatic macroorganisms is often fraught with difficulty.Ottelia,a model genus for studying the evolution of the aquatic family Hydrocharitaceae,is mainly distributed in slow-flowing creeks,rivers,or lakes throughout pantropical regions in the world.Due to recent rapid climate changes,natural Ottelia populations have declined significantly.By modeling the effects of climate change on the distribution of Ottelia species and assessing the degree of niche similarity,we sought to identify high suitability regions and help formulate conservation strategies.The models use known background points to determine how environmental covariates vary spatially and produce continental maps of the distribution of the Ottelia species in Africa.Additionally,we estimated the possible influences of the optimistic and extreme pessimistic representative concentration pathways scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 for the 2050s.Our results show that the distinct distribution patterns of studied Ottelia species were influenced by topography(elevation)and climate(e.g.,mean temperature of driest quarter,annual precipitation,and precipitation of the driest month).While there is a lack of accord in defining the limiting factors for the distribution of Ottelia species,it is clear that water-temperature conditions have promising effects when kept within optimal ranges.We also note that climate change will impact Ottelia by accelerating fragmentation and habitat loss.The assessment of niche overlap revealed that Ottelia cylindrica and O.verdickii had slightly more similar niches than the other Ottelia species.The present findings identify the need to enhance conservation efforts to safeguard natural Ottelia populations and provide a theoretical basis for the distribution of various Ottelia species in Africa.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41206102the Program of the Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science and Engineering,State Oceanic Administration under contract No.MESE-2013-01
文摘The habitat suitability index(HSI) model was used to identify potential sites for sustainable restoration of ark shell, Scapharca subcrenata(Lischke), in the shallow water of Xiaoheishan Island, using a geographic information system framework. The seven input variables of the HSI model were sediment composition, water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, water depth, p H, and ammonia. A non-linear suitability function for each variable factor was used to transform the value into a normalized quality index ranging from 0(nonsuitability) to 1(best suitability). In present study, the analysis of habitat suitability was conducted for four seasons respectively. The majority of the study area has a high HSI value(>0.6) year round, which implies a strong suitability for restoration, with the optimal habitat located on the eastern side of the island.Correspondence analysis indicated that water temperature was the main factor causing seasonal variation,while sediment composition and water depth were the two major reasons for the differences in sites. The results of this work could provide support for restoration decision making through identification of potential sites for sustainable establishment of S. subcrenata.
基金the Monti Sibillini National Park for having funded this research, within the project “Censimento della coturnice (Alectoris graeca orlandoi) nel Parco Nazionale dei Monti Sibillini”
文摘Over the last several decades,the Mediterranean region has been subjected to mountain abandonment and farming cessation,leading to changes in vegetation and coenological features of grasslands,contextually to the strong decline of the rock partridge(Alectoris graeca).Our hypothesis was that the ongoing dynamic processes leading to the compositional changes of grasslands in central Apennines affect the habitat suitability for the singing male(territorial male defending its reproductive site).In 2015,we defined the presence/absence of spring territorial singing males in seven sites(1,250-2,400 m a.s.l.),by the census in 74 playback stations,distributed along 15 transects.We characterized the topography and the vegetation mosaic of such sites according to the collected topographic and vegetation cover data in 59 randomly selected plots(100 m×100 m)along the transects.To understand the relations among the environmental variables and the effect of the composition and dynamism of the vegetation mosaics on the presence/absence of the singing male,we used principal components analysis and generalized linear mixed-effect modelling.Our results emphasized the marked overlap between the general environmental conditions,which proved to define the habitat suitability for A.graeca,and the characteristics of the site chosen by the singing male for starting the reproductive activities.Moreover,we found that the site suitability for the singing male decreases when the vegetation recovery processes are ongoing,because of the spread of coarse tall grassesdominated communities and/or grassland types with dense turf.Tall grass-dominated communities and thick-turf grasslands exert their negative effect decreasing the habitat suitability for the singing male starting from low cover values.Therefore,it is conceivable that singing male’s suitable habitat will be dramatically restricted to the steepest south-facing slopes,where topographic and soil conditions do not allow the spread of grasslands with dense turf and of invasive/dominant tall grasses,increasing the threat to the species due to the effect of climate change on the vegetation features.
文摘The habitats for the wild animals are shrinking due to the clearance of forests for agriculture and industrialization.The idea of wildlife conservation begins with the identification of their acceptable habitat.Since this crucial information helps in the development and maintenance of the protected areas.The requirement of habitat varies with different landscapes.The bluebull(Boselaphus tragocamelus)is Asia’s largest antelope,widespread throughout the northern Indian subcontinent.Peter Simon Pallasin(1766)described it as the only member of the genus Boselaphus.The Wildlife(Protection)Act of 1972 lists it as a Schedule III animal,while the IUCN lists it as Least Concern(LC).Our goal was to design a habitat appropriateness model for blue bull so that it could reduce the conflict with farming community due to crop damage.Model will be develop using RS&GIS technique to protect the species inside the Pench Tiger Reserve(77°55’W to 79°35’E and 21°08’S to 22°00’N)the central highlands of India.The satellite data from LANDSAT-8 of 4th April 2015,Path-144,Row-45,with a ground resolution of 30 meters,were collected from the USGS website.This satellite image was then transferred in image format to ERDAS IMAGINE 2013 for further analysis.The data from satellites were gathered and analysed.The purpose of the field survey was to gather information about the presence of various ungulates.A ground truthing exercise was also carried out.For data processing and GIS analysis,ERDAS IMAGINE 13 and Arc GIS 10 were used.Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP)was used Factors were identified who were influencing the spatial distribution of the species for conservation planning.The linear additive model was used for HSI.The results show that 242 km^(2)(29.48 percent)of Pench Tiger Reserve forest was recognized to be highly suitable for bluebull,while 196 km^(2)(23.87 percent)was moderately suitable,231 km^(2)(28.14 percent)was suitable,109 km^(2)(13.28 percent)was least suitable,and about 43 km^(2)(5.249 percent)of PTR was completely avoided by bluebull.
基金Razi University(Kermanshah-Iran) authorities for the financial support during the field work
文摘Study of the climate variability in the past and present, and correlating those with changes in the distribution range of species has attracted considerable research interest. The genus Ablepharus consists of 10 recognized species, of which A. bivittatus, A. grayanus and A. pannonicus are documented from Iran. In the present study, we modeled with MaxEnt the potential distribution areas and determined the suitable habitats in past (mid-Holocene [MH], and the Last Interglacial [LIG]) and their current distribution for two species of snake-eyed skinks (A. grayanus and A. pannonicus) separately. Models of the species indicated good fit by the average high area under the curve (AUC) values (A. grayanus = 0.929 4- 0.087 and A. pannonicus = 0.979 4- 0.007). Precipitation of the driest quarter of the year, mean temperature of the coldest quarter of the year, and precipitation of the driest month variables made important contributions to A. grayanus. Two important climate variables contributed importantly to A. pannonicus; temperature seasonality, and mean temperature of the wettest quarter of the year, and one topographic variable, slope. We conclude that these variables form a natural barrier for species dispersal. The MH and the LGM models indicated a larger suitable area than the current distribution.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFC1407700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51779038).
文摘In this paper,based on the finite volume method,a high-precision hydrodynamic model coupled with the habitat suitability model is established,and the computational efficiency of the coupled model is improved by a graphics processing unit(GPU)-accelerated technology.The coupled model is used to solve the problem of the non-conservation of mass that may be caused by the nearshore hydrodynamic model in the processing of wetting and drying,while avoiding the unphysical high velocities at the wetting and drying boundaries.The coupled model is applied to simulate the high-precision hydrodynamic process of the Liao River estuary(LRE)and the hydrological habitat suitability of the estuarine vegetation(Suaeda heteroptera)growing in the LRE.The simulated values of the hydrological variables(the water level,the water depth,the current velocity and direction)are highly consistent with the measured values.The root mean square errors(RMSE)of the hydrological variables are 0.10m,0.12m/s and 17.24°,respectively.Furthermore,the simulated combined suitability index(CSI)distribution of Suaeda heteroptera(S.heteroptera)matches with the distribution of S.heteroptera obtained from the high-resolution remote sensing satellite images during the same time period.The ratio of the simulated weighted usable area(WUA)of S.heteroptera to the area obtained from the remote sensing satellite images during the same period is 81.9%.This study reveals the phenomenon that the distribution of S.heteroptera in the LRE is highly correlated with the high-precision hydrodynamic processes,and provides a scientific basis and a valuable reference for the conservation and the restoration of the estuarine vegetation.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant NO.2022YFF1300904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant NO.42001106,42371075,42271119)+2 种基金the Joint Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant NO.U19A2042,U19A2023,U20A2083)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province,China(YDZJ202201ZYTS483)Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(2023238)。
文摘Alpine treeline ecotones are highly sensitive to climate warming.The low temperature-determined alpine treeline is expected to shift upwards in response to global warming.However,little is known about how temperature interacts with other important factors to influence the distribution range of tree species within and beyond the alpine treeline ecotone.Hence,we used a GF-2 satellite image,along with bioclimatic and topographic variables,to develop an ensemble suitable habitat model based on the species distribution modeling algorithms in Biomod2.We investigated the distribution of suitable habitats for B.ermanii under three climate change scenarios(i.e.,low(SSP126),moderate(SSP370)and extreme(SSP585)future emission trajectories)between two consecutive time periods(i.e.,current-2055,and 2055-2085).By 2055,the potential distribution range of B.ermanii will expand under all three climate scenarios.The medium and high suitable areas will decline under SSP370 and SSP585scenarios from 2055 to 2085.Moreover,under the three climate scenarios,the uppermost altitudes of low suitable habitat will rise to 2,329 m a.s.l.,while the altitudes of medium and high suitable habitats will fall to 2,201 and2,051 m a.s.l.by 2085,respectively.Warming promotes the expansion of B.ermanii distribution range in Changbai Mountain,and this expansion will be modified by precipitation as climate warming continues.This interaction between temperature and precipitation plays a significant role in shaping the potential distribution range of B.ermanii in the alpine treeline ecotone.This study reveals the link between environmental factors,habitat distribution,and species distribution in the alpine treeline ecotone,providing valuable insights into the impacts of climate change on high-elevation vegetation,and contributing to mountain biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.
文摘Tulipa iliensis,as a wild plant resource,possesses high ornamental value and can provide abundant parental materials for tulip breeding.The objective of this research was to forecast the worldwide geographical spread of Tulipa iliensis by considering bioclimatic,soil,and topographic variables,the findings of this research can act as a benchmark for the conservation,management,and utilization of Tulipa iliensis as a wild plant resource.Research results indicate that all 12 models have an area under curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)values greater than 0.968 for the paleoclimatic,current,and future climate scenarios,this suggests an exceptionally high level of predictive accuracy for the models.The distribution of Tulipa iliensis is influenced by several key factors.These factors include the mean temperature of the driest quarter(Bio9),calcium carbonate content(T_CACO3),slope,precipitation of the driest month(Bio14),Basic saturation(T_BS),and precipitation of the coldest quarter(Bio19).During the three paleoclimate climate scenarios,the appropriate habitats for Tulipa iliensis showed a pattern of expansion-contraction expansion.Furthermore,the total suitable area accounted for 13.38%,12.28%,and 13.28%of the mainland area,respectively.According to the current climate scenario,the High-suitability area covers 61.78472×10^(4)km^(2),which accounts for 6.57%of the total suitable area,The Midsuitability area covers 190.0938×10^(4)km^(2),accounting for 20.2%of the total suitable area,this represents a decrease of 63.53%~67.13%compared to the suitable area of Tulipa iliensis under the paleoclimate scenario.Under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSP)scenarios,in 2050 and 2090,Tulipa iliensis is projected to experience a decrease in the High,Mid,and Low-suitability areas under the SSP126 climate scenario by 7.10%~12.96%,2.96%~4.27%and 4.80%~7.96%,respectively.According to the SSP245 scenario,the high suitability area experienced a slight expansion of 2.26%in 2050,but a reduction of 6.32%in 2090.In the SSP370 scenario,the High-suitability areas had a larger reduction rate of 11.24%in 2050,while the Mid-suitability and Low-suitability areas had smaller expansion rates of 0.36%and 4.86%,respectively.In 2090,the High-suitability area decreased by 4.84%,while the Mid and Low-suitability areas experienced significant expansions of 15.73%and 45.89%,respectively.According to the SSP585 scenario,in the future,the High,Mid,and Low-suitability areas are projected to increase by 5.09%~7.21%,7.57%~17.66%,and 12.30%~48.98%,respectively.The research offers enhanced theoretical direction for preserving Tulipa iliensis’genetic variety amidst evolving climatic scenarios.
文摘Background:Forest management affects the habitat conditions for many forest-dwelling species.Among them,the capercaillie(Tetrao urogallus)is a rare forest grouse inhabiting old,mature forests.We compared the structure of forest habitat among 9 active and 9 abandoned leks in the Augustow Forest(North-Eastern Poland),within a radius of 1 km of the leks,defined as the Key Areas for the capercaillie in lowland temperate forest.Habitat measurements were conducted on 1779 circular plots.Assessments made on all plots related to 13 habitat variables measured or noted in the field,including stand structure,canopy closure,stand developmental stage,percentage of Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris),soil fertility and soil moisture,the share of undergrowth,the cover of shrubs,the cover of bilberry(Vaccinium sp.),and the presence of certain habitat elements important to the capercaillie.Results:To compare the still-occupied and the abandoned KAs for the capercaillie,a logistic regression model was developed.The variables best explaining differences between these two categories were:the occurrence of undergrowth layers,canopy closure in the second canopy layer,and stand age.According to the model,with the increase of the shrub-layer cover as well as the density of trees,the probability of the presence of the capercaillie decreased.The capercaillie in the area of the Augustow Forest occupy mainly dry and poor,middle-aged,pinedominated forests,with a moderate extent of stand canopy closure and only weakly-developed layers of undergrowth.Conclusions:The filling-in of mature stands with sub-canopy trees and shrubs(the process which is stimulated by climate change and site eutrophication)causes structural changes,which are unfavourable to the capercaillie.This might explain why in the course of the recent decades the capercaillie has abandoned the oldest stands,distinguished by the presence of bigger shares of undergrowth.The capercaillie has shifted to younger stands,which reveal a lesser extent of canopy closure and a more limited development of understorey vegetation.
基金supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Researches (No. 16K12641&17H00806) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and technology of Japan
文摘Finding the right balance between timber production and the management of forest-dependent wildlife species,present a difficult challenge for forest resource managers and policy makers in Okinawa,Japan.A possible explanation of this can be found in the unique nature of the forest management area which is populated with various kinds of rare and endangered species.This issue has been brought to light as a result of the nomination of northern Okinawa Island in 2018 as a candidate for World Natural Heritage site.The nomination has raised public awareness to the possibility of conflicting management objectives between timber extraction and the conservation of habitat for forest-dependent wildlife species.Managing exclusively for one objective over the other may fail to meet the demand for both forest products and wildlife habitat,ultimately jeopardizing the stability of human and wildlife communities.It is therefore important to achieve a better balance between the objective of timber production and conservation of wildlife habitat.Despite the significance of this subject area,current ongoing discussions on how to effectively manage for forest resources,often lack scientific basis to make sound judgement or evaluate tradeoffs between conflicting objectives.Quantifying the effect of these forest management activities on wildlife habitat provides useful and important information needed to make forest management and policy decisions.In this study we develop a spatial timber harvest scheduling model that incorporates habitat suitability index(HSI)models for the Okinawa Rail(Gallirallus okinawae),an endangered avian species found on Okinawa,Japan.To illustrate how the proposed coupling model assembles spatial information,which ultimately aids the study of forest management effects on wildlife habitat,we apply these models to a forest area in Okinawa and conduct a simple simulation analysis.
基金The National Key R&D Program of China under contract Nos 2019YFD0901401 and 2019YFD0901404the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.NSFC41876141+1 种基金the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Program under contract No.19DZ1207502the Construction and Application of Natural Resources Satellite Remote Sensing Technology System under contract No.202101004。
文摘The quality of environmental data and its possible impact on the marine species habitat modelling are often overlooked while the sources for these data are increasing.This study selected sea surface temperature(SST)from two commonly used sources,the NOAA Ocean Watch and IRI/LDEO Climate Data Library,and then constructed habitat suitability index model to evaluate the influences of SST from the two sources on the outcomes of Ommastrephes bartramii habitat models for the months of July–October in the Northwest Pacific Ocean during 1996–2012.This study examined the differences in the amount of estimated unfavourable/favourable habitat area when the SST used for model building and inference were the same or different.Dynamics in suitable habitat area calculated from SST was insensitive to the two different SST products.In the fishing season of O.bartramii,the changes of magnitude and trend of monthly suitable habitat area in August and September were similar over time,whereas there were large differences for July and October.Importantly,there is a substantial lack of consistency in the O.bartramii habitat distribution based on SST of two sources.This study considered the sources of environmental data for habitat modelling and then inferred species habitat distribution whether by the same or different data source.
文摘For the earth material construction is the most used one in Chad, the object of this work is the assessment of the thermal quality of earthen adobe mixed with straw. Different simulation software analyzes the CoDyBa which is conducted to determine the behavior of this material compared to living comfort thanks to the Fanger model, which is a method of approach to thermal comfort standpoint. The study focused on two configurations on the formation of the walls of a room. The first of these configurations led to the definition of a first cell constructed earthen adobe named Batter roofing sheet aluminum and a second cell built in blocks named Batbet which had the same geometric characteristics (thickness, dimensions and side openings) and covered in the same manner as the ground cell. The different comfort indices PMV and PPD values of these two configurations of habitat were identified and were used to determine their thermal comfort rating.
文摘Fisheries in Lake Victoria have been threatened by declining fish stocks and diversity, environmental degradation due to increased input of pollutants, industrial and municipal waste, overfishing and use of unapproved fishing <span style="font-family:Verdana;">methods, infestation by aquatic weeds especially water hyacinth, de-oxygenation</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and a reduction in the quantity and quality of water. Remote sensing and GIS are essential tools in detection of fishing grounds which is important in providing fish sustainability for human beings and allows fishing grounds detection at minimal cost and optimizes effort. This research tends to identify the most favorable both environmentally and ecologically satisfactory factors which favor fish breeding and growth. The main aim of the study was to identify habitat variables that promote fish breeding and growth to maturity including the extraction of environmental variables from Landsat 8 images for the study period and using suitability index derived from fishery data. The study concentrated on establishing suitability ratings in different parts of Lake Victoria using lake surface temperature and chlorophyll-a levels. The study was conducted for months;January, May and December 2019 on Lake Victoria (limited by the availability of recent data). The factors were analysed and the favorable regions mapped satisfying the conditions for fish breeding. The output obtained illustrated the availability of suitable and habitable zones within the lake using satellite imagery and the suitability index. The fish catch data and satellite derived variables were used to determine habitat suitability indices for fish during January, May and December 2019. More than 90% of the total catch was found to come from the areas with sea surface temperature of 23.0˚C - 28.3˚C and chlorophyll-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">concentration between 0.72 - 1.31 mg/m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;vertical-align:super;">3</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The catch data was used to validate the images. This study indicated the capability of High Satellite Resolution Imageries (HSI) as a tool to map the potential fishing grounds of fish species in Lake Victoria. The variables were affected by climatic change factors like rainfall and temperature of the lake basin and other human activities around the lake and also the species ecosystem like competition or predation.</span>
基金Foundation project: This paper was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30270225, 40331008)
文摘Habitat loss and fragmentation have been associated with the decline of endangered species. In 1987, a catastrophic fire in the northern Great Hing'an Mountains of China, where the main habitat of sables (Martes zibellina) is located, aggravated the loss and fragmentation of the forest landscape. Due to restricted distribution and low population density, sables were listed in the national first-grade protected species in China. The objective of this paper was to identify to what extent the habitat of sables had been restored 13 years after the fire. Based on the behavioral data, which came from field survey information by radio-tracking, GPS (Global Positioning System) and forest inventory data, suitability habitat maps were derived using the Ecological Niche Suitability Model (ENSM). In addition, the habitat structure was analyzed with selected landscape indices. Although forest cover mostly had been restored by 2000, the results indicated that, compared to the pre-fire situation, the areas of suitable habitat had been reduced significantly, especially those of less suitable, marginally suitable and moderately suitable designation. Fragmentation was aggravated, and suitable patches were found to be further isolated with the exception of those in most suitable areas. The ratio of the patch perimeter to area in unsuitable, moderately suitable and suitable areas decreased, while the ratios within other suitability types increased. Moreover, the percentage of soft boundaries decreased slightly, which can influence the redistribution of sables. The results above indicated that the suitable habitat had deteriorated, and the restoration of the sables' habitat remained to be done.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFA0604902,2017YFA0604904)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LR21D060003)+1 种基金the New Talent Program for College Students in Zhejiang Province(No.2016R411011)the Innovation Training Program for University students of Zhejiang Ocean University(No.2020-03)。
文摘Over the last decades,the species distribution model(SDM)has become an essential tool for studying the potential eff ects of climate change on species distribution.In this study,an ensemble SDM was developed to predict the changes in species distribution of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus across diff erent seasons in the future(2050s and 2100s)under the climate scenarios of Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)4.5 and RCP8.5.Results of the ensemble SDM indicate that the distribution of this species will move northward and exhibit evident seasonal variations.Among the four seasons,the suitable habitat for this species will be signifi cantly reduced in summer,with loss rates ranging from 45.23%(RCP4.5)to 88.26%(RCP.8.5)by the 2100s.The loss of habitat will mostly occur in the East China Sea and the southern part of the Yellow Sea,while a slight increase in habitat will occur in the northern part of the Bohai Sea.These fi ndings provide an information forecast for this species in the future.Such forecast will be helpful in improving fi shery management under climate change.