Haematology Parameters of Apparently Healthy Prospective Whole Blood Donors in a Nigerian Hospital Setting

Background: Adequate selection of a prospective whole blood donor protects his health and safety of the recipient. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to determine the haematology parameters of apparently healthy prospective whole blood donors. Participants and Methods: This was a hospital based prospective study carried out from August to October 2020 at the blood transfusion unit of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja, Nigeria. A structured pretested questionnaire was used for data collection. The socio demographic status and the haematology parameters of apparently healthy prospective whole blood donors who tested negative for HIV, hepatitis B and C markers were captured. Obtained data were analysed with the statistical package for the social scientist software version 20. Results: One hundred male (97.1%) and three female (2.9%) apparently healthy prospective whole blood donors were studied. The median age of study subjects was 30 years. Obtained median haematology parameter values were 13 g/dl, 40%, 4.9/nl and 203.9/nl for haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, total white cell and platelet counts respectively. The median values for the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of participants were 32.6 g/dl, 27.7 pg and 85.7 fl respectively. Observed prevalence of subnormal haematology parameters for haemoglobin concentration, total white cells, platelets were 12.6%, 25.2%, and 13.6% respectively. Also subnormal values for MCHC, MCH, MCV were 11.7%, 26.2%, and 16.5% respectively among prospective whole blood donors in this study. No higher than normal haematology parameter values were observed. Median values for erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 8.4 mm/hr. Conclusion: A significant percentage of apparently healthy prospective whole blood donors had subnormal haematology parameters values. Obtained normal values in our study are comparable with local reference range reports from previous studies in Nigeria and other parts of Africa. 124947 .

Effect of Dietary Incorporation of <i>Curcuma longa</i>Powder on Haematology and Serological Properties of Guinea Pigs (<i>Cavia porcellus</i>)

The reduced efficiency of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock, and the unavoidable residual effects on livestock products such as egg, meat and milk have pushed researchers to rush towards the use of phytobiotics in animal feed. This study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Dschang to evaluate the Effect of Cucurma longa powder as feed additive on hemato-serological parameters in Guinea pigs. A total of 120 three weeks old Guinea pigs (60 males and 60 females), with an average weight of 150 ± 20 g were used. The animals were randomly distributed into four treatments in a completely randomized design with 30 animals per treatment (15 males and 15 females). Four experimental treatments were used by adding 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% C. longa in the diet corresponding to R0, R0.25%, R0.5% and R1% respectively. At the 8th week of age, 12 Guinea pigs (6 males and 6 females) per treatment were fasted for 12 hours and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood was rapidly collected from the jugular vein for the evaluation of haematological and biochemical parameters. Results revealed that the inclusion of Curcuma longa at 0.25% significantly (p < 0.05) increased the concentration of hematocrit, lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes and platelets. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) was observed in hemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells, serum lipids, globulin, AST, ALT, and urea. It was concluded that the use of Curcuma longa powder at 0.25% as feed additive positively regulates blood serum parameters of Guinea pigs.

Haematology of <i>Pelophylax ridibundus</i>(Amphibia: <i>Ranidae</i>) of <i>Striata</i>and <i>Maculata</i>Morphs in Populations Living in Conditions of Anthropogenic Pollution in Southern Bulgaria

Basic haematological parameters were studied in adult, sexually mature individuals of colour morphs (striata and maculata) in the populations of Pelophylax ridibundus living in biotopes with various degrees of anthropogenic pollution (control, domestic sewage pollution and heavy metal pollution) in Southern Bulgaria. We found that in the polluted biotopes in individuals of both morphs of P. ridibundus the blood parameters: erythrocyte (RBC) and leukocyte (WBS) count, haemoglobin concentration (Hb), haematocrit (PCV) were statistically reliably higher, the number of lymphocytes (Ly) decreased, and the parameters: mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean cell volume (MCV) and differential blood formula changed considerably in comparison with the control group. In terms of anthropogenic pollution, the average values of RBC and Hb were higher in P. ridibundus of striata morph.

Growth performance,haematology,serum biochemistry and meat quality characteristics of Japanese quail(Coturnix coturnix japonica)fed canola meal-based diets

The present study investigated the effect of partial replacement of soybean meal(Glycine max) with canola meal(CM)(Brassica napus) on the growth performance,haematology,serum biochemistry and meat quality characteristics of female Japanese quails in a 35-day feeding trial.One hundred and forty6-week-old quails 158.28 ± 11.919 g were randomly allocated to 5 isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets: control diet(CM0; with no CM inclusion); CM0 with 2.5%(CM25),5.0%(CM50),12.5%(CM125) and 17.5%(CM175) soybean meal replaced with CM.Average weekly gain(AWG) and feed conversion efficiency(FCE) were determined.Haematology,serum biochemistry,carcass traits and meat quality parameters were determined at slaughter.Quails fed CM175 had the lowest(P < 0.05) feed intake whereas no differences were observed among the other 4 diets.No dietary effects on AWG,FCE and haematological parameters were observed.Serum biochemical parameters were not influenced by diets with the exception of alkaline phosphatase(ALP),where quails fed CM25 had higher ALP(161.0 U/L) than those fed CM0(37.25 U/L).Quails fed CM25 had the highest chroma(7.39) while those fed CM125 had the lowest(3.58) at 24 h post-slaughter.Diets had no influence(P > 0.05) on cooking losses and peak positive force of quail meat.It was concluded that CM can replace soybean in quail diets up to 12.5% without compromising growth performance,health and quality of meat.Inclusion levels beyond 12.5% promoted poor voluntary feed intake and thus may require feed additives to enhance utilization.

Haematology and biochemistry values of captive sand cats(Felis margarita)in Al Ain Wildlife Park and Resort,United Arab Emirates

Objective:To investigate the haematology and biochemistry values of apparently healthy captive sand cats kept in Al Ain Wildlife Park and Resort,United Arab Emirates,with a view to establishing baseline values.Methods:Blood was collected from the femoral vein using aseptic techniques,kept in a cool box and sent to laboratory for analysis.The blood was analysed for haematological and biochemical values using veterinary hematology and chemistry analysers(ABX ABC Vet,Horiba ABX SAS^(®)Montpellier,France).Results:Haematological values were within the normal ranges recorded in domestic cats and there was no statistical difference between values found in males and females.Aspartate aminotransferase values were higher(P<0.05)in males compared to female cats.Serum protein,creatinine and glucose values for females were significantly(P<0.05)higher than those for males.Creatinine kinase,urea and lactate dehydrogenase levels were higher than those reported for normal domestic cat,but there was no statistical difference(P>0.05)between males and females values.Conclusions:Our results present reference ranges for haematology and biochemistry parameters in captive sand cats.These values will be important for diagnosis of various diseases and monitoring of treatments.

Evidence of voriconazole pharmacokinetic variability in children and adolescents with haematological disease: proposal for therapeutic drug monitoring optimisation

Objective:Voriconazole(VCZ)is a triazole antifungal agent widely used in immunocompromised patients with suspected or proven invasive fungal infections.The achievement of therapeutic range(1-5 mg/L)is essential to maximize VCZ efficacy,as its pharmacokinetics is characterized by a wide inter-and intra-individual variability.This study aims to quantify the variability of VCZ trough concentrations in children and adolescents with haematological diseases and optimize therapeutic drug monitoring in clinical practice.Methods:We analysed the monitoring concentrations of all children(<18 years old)treated with VCZ in the Haematology Department of Robert DebréHospital between January 2014 and December 2016.Demographic,clinical data,and VCZ dosing and monitoring concentrations measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection(HPLC-UV)were analysed.Non-parametric tests were performed using SPSS IBM 24.0.Results:380 trough VCZ concentrations at steady-state(Ctrough,ss)were available in 79 children:45.6%had first Ctrough,ss in the therapeutic range at first monitoring,46.8%had Ctrough,ss below 1 mg/L and 7.6%had Ctrough,ss over 5 mg/L.Forty-one patients were treated with recommended doses but only 53%of them reached the therapeutic range.There was no impact of age,sex,biological parameters,or indication of VCZ on Ctrough,ss values.The number of Ctrough,ss in the therapeutic range increases with the number of monitoring per patient following dosage adaptations.Conclusion:The wide inter-and intra-individual variability of VCZ trough concentrations at recommended doses confirm the need to standardize VCZ monitoring and identify factors to be considered to prospectively adapt treatment for each patient.

HIV-1 RNA Viral Load, CD4 Count and Some Haematological Parameters of People Living with HIV in the Enugu Metropolis

Background: It is widely known that the human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) induces biochemical and physiological changes in affected persons. Consequently, the overall aim of this study was to evaluate the HIV-1 RNA viral load, CD4 count, and certain haematological parameters among HIV treatment-na?ve subjects in the Enugu metropolis of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 252 HIV-infected, ART-native subjects (≥18) attending the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) in Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu were recruited for this study and were made up of 157 (62.3%) females and 95 (37.7%) males. A total of 250 HIV-negative subjects were used as control subjects (100 males and 150 females). Blood samples were collected from all the participants and their HIV-1 status was confirmed by an immunoblot confirmatory test. Their haematological parameters and CD4 count were evaluated, while the HIV-1 viral load was only assessed on confirmed HIV-positive subjects. Results: There was female predominance (62.3%) among these HIV-positive subjects. The mean age of HIV-positive subjects was 39.16 ± 10.08 years while the mean age of the control subjects was 34.8 ± 8.6 years. The age group of 31 - 40 years (102/252 (40.5%)) constituted most of the test subjects. The total white blood cells (TWBC) (6.05 ± 5.46), lymphocyte counts (36 ± 14), haemoglobin concentrations (Hb) (9.85 ± 7.36) and the CD4 counts (242 ± 228) of the HIV-infected subjects showed a significant difference when compared with their control counterpart values of TWBC (4.5 ± 0.568), lymphocytes (39.67 ± 8.2), Hb (13.48 ± 1.5), and CD4 counts (807 ± 249) (p 0.05). Anaemia, lymphocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia were the haematological abnormalities seen in the HIV-positive subjects. HIV viral load correlated with haemoglobin concentration, CD4 count, lymphocyte count, and neutrophil count (p Conclusion: Prognostic factors, such as haemoglobin concentrations, CD4 counts, lymphocyte counts, and neutrophil counts can be used to monitor patients’ viral loads since they correlate with the latter;furthermore, age is a factor that should be considered in the management of HIV-positive patients.

Some Haematological Parameters in Primary Hypertensive Subjects Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

Background: Hypertension is a persistent elevation of blood pressure in the arteries which if not properly managed can lead to stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, peripheral vascular disease and other life threatening outcomes. This study investigated some haematological parameters of Primary hypertensive subjects. Objectives: To compare some haematological parameters (haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, Platelets count, White Blood Cells count, red blood cell count and Red Cells Indices between hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Materials and methods: Blood samples were collected from 76 known hypertensive subjects between 30 - 70 years attending the Cardiology clinic of the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Gwagwalada. Another 37 normotensive subjects between 30 - 65 years served as the control. All subjects gave their consents. Platelets count, Haemoglobin estimation, Packed Cell Volume, Red Blood Cell Count, Mean Cell Volume, Mean Cell Haemoglobin, Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration and White Blood Cell count were determined using Mythic 22 five parts haematology analyzer. Results: Results for Hypertensive and Control subjects were, White Blood Cell, 5.76 ± 1.45 × 109/l and 4.76 ± 1.03 × 109/l, Platelet count, 248.7552.45 × 109/l and 284.95 ± 27.66 × 109/l, Mean Cell Volume, 91.81 ± 3.05 fl and 85.68 ± 6.48 fl, Mean Cell Haemoglobin, 30.59 ± 1.04 pg and 27.922 ± 2.74 pg, Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration, 33.34 ± 0.61 g/dl and 32.32 ± 0.93 g/dl, Red Blood Cell, 4.33 ± 0.39 × 109/l and 4.50 ± 0.52 × 109/l, Packed Cell Volume, 39% ± 3.15% and 40% ± 4.41% and Haemoglobin, 13.21 ± 1.10 g/dl and 13.50 ± 1.63 g/dl respectively. Mean Cell Volume, Mean Cell Haemoglobin, Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (Red cells indices) were significantly higher in hypertensive compared to normotensive subjects (P 0.05), total White Blood Cell count was also higher in hypertensive than normotensive but not statistically significant (P > 0.05). However, Platelet counts, Red Blood Cell, Packed Cell Volume and Haemoglobin were significantly lower in hypertensive compared to normotensive (P 0.05). All the parameters were within established reference ranges for the age and sex of the subjects. Our findings show that hypertension may lead to haematological derangement, if not properly managed. Conclusively, haematological parameters can be used to monitor the prognosis of the disease and manage hypertensive related complications. It is important to assess haematological parameters for hypertensive individuals which may help to prevent complications associated with haematological disorders.

Antidiabetic and haematological effect of aqueous extract of stem bark of Afzelia africana(Smith) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats

Objective:To investigate the antidiabetic properties of aqueous extract of stem bark of Afzelia africana(A.africana)and its beneficial effect on haematological parameters in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Methods:A total of 30 rats including 24 diabetic and 6 normal rats were used for this study.Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.After being confirmed diabetic,animals were orally treated with distilled water or extracts at 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 10 days.The haematological parameters including red blood and white blood cells and their functional indices were evaluated in diabetic treated groups compared with the controls.Results:The extract significantly reduced the blood glucose levels while the best result was obtained at 200 mg/kg body weight The feed and water intake in diabetic rats were significantly reduced while weight loss was minimized at both dosages.Similarly,the levels of red blood,white blood cells and their functional indices were significantly improved after extract administration at both doses.Conclusions:It can be concluded that the aqueous extract of bark of A.africana possesses antihyperglycemic properties.In addition,the extract can prevent various complications of diabetes and improve some haematological parameters.Further experimental investigation is needed to exploit its relevant therapeutic effect to substantiate its ethnomedicinal usage.

Retrospective Study of clinical and hematological aspects associated with dogs naturally infected by Hepatozoon canis in Ludhiana,Punjab,India

Objective:To evaluate clinical and hematological aspects of dogs naturally infected with Hepatozoon canis(H.canis)presented at the Small Animal Clinics of Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University,Ludhiana.Methods:Blood films of 34 naturally infected dogs were examined for haematological alterations and parasitaemia.Signalment and clinical signs were recorded from the animals.Clinical histories were filled oul during the consultation.Results:Of the 34 positive dogs by Giemsa stained peripheral blood films.88.23%presented parasilaemia by H.canis only,while 11.77%had the combination of H.canis,Babesia sp.and Ehrlichia sp.Young male dogs less than oue-year-old,of nondescript breed,were the most commonly affected.And 26.47%were presented with anorexia/inappetence as the only clinical symptom.Other clinical symptoms were mild to moderate fever,pale mucosae and lethargy;a few were also showing the signs of vomiting and diarrhoea.Haematological alterations showed mainly normochromic-normocytic anaemia,leukocytosis and neutrophilia.Conclusions:The findings of this study substantiate that H.canis caused clinical and haematological alterations of the varied intensity in dogs,even with low parasilaemia.should he taken into consideration.

Preventive effect of ethanol extract of Alpinia calcarata Rosc on Ehrlich's ascitic carcinoma cell induced malignant ascites in mice

Objective:To explore cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract of Alpinia calcarata Rose(EEAC) rhizome against Ehiiich ascites carcinoma(EAC) tumor bearing Swiss Albino mice.Methods: In the present study,its anti-neoplastic activity has been studied by monitoring parameters like tumor weight measurement,survival time,tumor cell growth inhibition,haematological characteristics etc.Results:It was found that EEAC at dose 8 mg/kg/day(i.p.) significantly decreased tumor weight(62.0%;P【0.01),increased life span(70.25%;P 【0.01) and reduced tumor cell growth rate(85.7%;P【0.01) in comparison to those of EAC bearing mice.The plant extract also improved the depleted haematological parameters like RBC WBC,Hb%,differential counts(e.g.lymphocytes,neutrophils,monocytes etc) of EAC bearing mice towards normal.The host toxic effects were not very high and recovered gradually towards normal within a few days after treatment.ConchiskHis:EEAC exhibits potent in vivo cytotoxic activity against EAC tumor bearing Swiss Albino mice.So,the plant can be considered as a probable new source of antitumor agents.

Feeding Study with Bt Corn (MON810: Ajeeb YG) on Rats: Biochemical Analysis and Liver Histopathology

Bt corn “MON810: Ajeeb YG” produces delta endotoxins in the whole plant due to the genetic modification process. The chemical analysis of this variety showed significant differences from its conventional counterpart “Ajeeb”. Further, feeding studies on rats were designed to complete assessing the safety of “MON810: Ajeeb YG”. Three groups of rats (6 males and 6 females’ rats/group) were fed on control diet, non-Bt corn and Bt corn for 1.5 months and 3 months. After 1.5 months, 3 males and 3 females from each group were sacrificed, and after another 1.5 months, 3 males and 3 females from each group and their offspring were sacrificed. Histopathological examination, blood haematology and serum biochemical analysis were determined. Results indicated significant differences among the tested parameters in the three groups especially Bt group. Severe changes in the liver of Bt group after 3 months were observed.

Haematological Changes of Half-Marathon Runners in the Sub-Saharan African Environment

Background: Measurement of haematological parameters has been historically helpful in the diagnosis of many diseases in endurance sportsmen. The modifications of these parameters during endurance race have not yet been evaluated in many African countries. Objectives: To determine haematological values before and immediately after a half-marathon event, as well as within 24 hours after the race and to analyze the changes observed. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 10 to 21 August 2018 at Brazzaville, Congo. All measurements were confined to 76 male participants (39 specialists vs 37 no specialists of endurance race) in the Brazzaville half-marathon (21.1 km), aged between 19 - 39 years (mean age: 26.7 ± 2.6 years). Coulter profiles with differential white cell counts and haptoglobin levels were determined in venous sample before and after competitive half-marathon race. The same measurements were performed during the 24 hrs following the competition. Results: In the pre-race sample, mild anemia was detected in 12 subjects and mild thrombocytopenia in 7 subjects. Haptoglobin levels were reduced in 5 subjects. Haematological values, all post-race, varied significantly before and after race, particularly for RBC, Hb, Hct, PLT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, neutrophil counts, lymphocyte counts, monocyte counts, basophil counts, eosinophil counts and haptoglobin. These differences between specialists and no specialists were statistically (p Conclusion: Our data may help sport physicians, sport physiologists and trainers to better follow-up haematological reactions associated with the half-marathon race.

Serum Biochemistry and Hematology in Blue Fox (<i>Vulpes lagopus</i>)

The blue fox (Vulpes lagopus) is a colour mutation of wild arctic fox. It is commonly farmed for its fur. The aim of the present study was to analyse a baseline biochemical profile of serum from adult farmed blue foxes during pelting season. Serum biochemical profile can be used later on as a reference in chemical analysis of blood serum. Biochemical profile here consists of liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartatate aminotranasferase (ASAT), alkaline phospahatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (T-BIL);kidney function substances creatinine, urea and inorganic phosphate (Pi);muscle enzyme creatinine kinase (CK);glucose (GLUK) from pancreas;serum total proteins (PROT) and albumin (ALB);electrolytes potassium (K), natrium (Na), chloride (CL), calcium (S-Ca);and lipids such as total cholesterol (T-Cho). For some of the measured parameters reference values were also available from previous studies. Certain values were close to those previously published but some differed markedly. These differences can be explained by differences e.g. in techniques, conditions, unit reports, and breed and age of the animals. The present study additionally reviewed previously published haematological data concerning small blood count, i.e. hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells and red blood cells. Summarized material revealed that these variables are very similar despite of study and animal material. Thus, small blood count can be reliably used to screen general welfare status of farmed blue foxes. The reference values presented in this paper will be valuable as a guide for clinical diagnosis and research.

Comparative study of haematological,serum electrolyte and nonelectrolyte parameters of male and female Persian sturgeon(Acipenser persicus)brood stocks

Sturgeons are the most important principal market species in the Caspian Sea. In the present study, measurement of blood parameters was carried out with the aim of evaluating the normal value of hematological and serum biochemical parameters of brood stocks Acipenser persicus during spawning season. Blood samples were collected from 36 brood stocks of A. persicus（18 males and 18 females） during the spawning season. Higher value of red blood cells, white blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit was observed in male breeders with significant differences between female breeders（p〉0.05）. Haemoglobin and haematocrit value in this study was within the range of 8.70 to 9.2 g/d L and 29.73% to 30.26%, respectively. The statistically significant differences between mean corpuscular volumes, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, lymphocyte and neutrophil percentages, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase were observed in the male and female brood stocks.It is concluded from this study, some of the hematological and serum biochemical parameters of male and female A. persicus breeders were significantly varied from each other. In comparative investigation with earlier reports,the values of red blood cells, haemoglobin and haematocrit are highly varied due to age variations of fish.However, further studies are necessary to understand the impact of sexual, age, size, length, and season and habitat variation. Serum biochemical parameters can be used for confirming the maturity of A. persicus and monitoring any changes in the water quality parameters and soil.

Performance and Haematological Characteristics of Broiler Finisher Fed Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal Diets

To investigate the effects ofMoringa oleifera leaf meal （MOLM） on the performance and haematology of broiler finisher using 120 Cobb chicks of 4 weeks old broiler chicks. The birds were assigned randomly into four dietary treatments containing MOLM at 0, 6%, 8%, and 10% （treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4） inclusion levels, respectively, in a complete randomized design experiment. The effect of the dietary treatments on the growth performance and blood parameters of the broiler finisher was determined. MOLM at a rate of 6% （T2）, 8% （T3）, and 10% （T4） of the diets （as fed basis） to replace 3.2%, 5.6% and 8.6% of the crude protein （CP） of the control diet. The daily feed, dry matter and CP intake of the chicks fed MOLM diets were higher （p〈0.05） than those fed the control diet. Average weight gain （AWG） of birds fed MOLM diets reduced as inclusion levels increases 09〈0.05） than those fed the control diet. Chicks fed T2 showed higher （p〈0.05） AWG than those on T3 and T4. Feed conversion ratios （FCR, weight gain/g and feed intake） were higher for chicks fed MOLM. MOLM showed minimal deleterious effects in birds. However, birds fed T2 （6%） diets recorded significantly （p〈0.05） the highest body weight gain. There were significant differences （p〈0.05） among groups in packed cell volume （PVC） of birds. The haemoglobin （Hb）, mean corpuscular volume （MCV）, mean corpuscular haemoglobin （MCH） and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration （MCHC） counts showed no significant difference （p〉0.05） among treatments. The results indicated that at 10% in the diets of broiler finisher chick, MOLM could be substituted with expensive conventional protein sources without any deleterious effects on performance and blood parameters of broiler finisher chicken.

Effect of Sodium Metabisulphite on Blood Metabolic Status of Wistar Rats

The objective of this work was to determine the sodium metabisulphite (NaMBS) subchronic toxicity used as a food additive in Algeria. Three groups of female Wistar rats were treated with 0.25%, 1% and 4% of NaMBS in their drinking water for 90 days. An immunization protocol was conducted during the experiment. Mortality, comportmental and weight modifications, and food and water consumption were recorded. At the end of the experiment, the control and experiment rats were killed, and their blood and organs were removed. Immunoglobulin levels were evaluated;biochemical and hematological parameters were investigated. Our results showed that the administration of NaMBS at 1% and 4% had significant effects on body weight, food and water consumed. There was an increase in biochemical parameters (calcium, urea, creatinine, uric acid, transaminases) and decrease immunoglobulin levels. The hematology revealed a decrease in red blood cells and hemoglobin, as well as leucocytosis. Physiological study showed enlarged spleen, kidney, liver and stomach. In light of our results, we can conclude that subchronic intake of NaMBS 1% and 4% seems to alter immune function, biochemical, hematological and physiological para-meters in Wistar rats.

Evaluation of Anti-Oxidant Status and Radioprotective Activity of a Novel Anti-Cancer Drug in Mice

Various approaches have been developed for diminishing the effects of radiation on normal tissues or enhancing tumor cell killing by ionizing radiation. Recently, there has been an increase in the interest in research on synthetic and/or natural radioprotective agents. An important potential use for these agents is to modify and improve the outcome of radiation therapy. The aim of this study was to examine the potential radioprotective role and antioxidant potency of the novel synthetic anticancer agent, quinoline sulfonamide (PIQSA) against tissue injury and oxidative stress induced by the exposure to gamma radiation and/or incidence of cancer in experimental animals. Mice (normal and bearing solid tumors) administered PIQSA (0.350 mg/kg body weight ip. three times a week for 21 days. At the last week of 30 days experimental period, an animal group was subjected to three successive doses of γ-radiation each of 2 Gy;another group was treated with combined administration of PIQSA 20 minutes before γ-irradiation. Some biochemical parameters (LPx, GSH, SOD, and CAT in liver homogenates, also plasma lipid profile (total lipids, total cholesterol, total triglycerides (TG), HDLc and LDLc were measured. To examine any adverse effect which could be attained by chemical treatment, liver enzymes (AST, ALT), and kidney function (creatinine and urea) were estimated in blood plasma, in addition to examination of some haematological indexes. The results indicated that the deleterious effects due to exposure to γ-radiation, and/or incidence of cancer on most of the estimated parameters could be controlled to a certain extent by administration of PIQSA to animals prior to irradiation. The results also confirmed that there were no significant adverse effects on mice due to the treatment with this chemical compound.

Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Thioacteamide and Alterations in Blood Cell Indices in Rats

Background: Thioacetamide (TAA) has been used extensively in the development of suitable animal models of acute and chronic liver injury employing various doses, times and routes of its administration, particularly in drinking water due to its resemblance with human liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare hematological alteration during the acute and chronic liver inflammation. Methods: Acute Liver inflammation was induced in Wistar rats via intraperitoneal injection of thioacetamide and the animals were sacrificed 12 h after the TAA administration. Induction of chronic liver inflammation was performed by continuous administration of TAA in the drinking water (200 mg/L) during 18 weeks of experiment. After that all animals were sacrificed and Blood samples were collected for further analysis. Results: Single intra peritoneal injection of TAA (300 mg/kg B.W.) induced an acute condition with hematological changes including leukocytosis with marked neutrophilia (P = 0.0429), lymphopenia, thrombocytosis as well as increased hemoglobin concentration (P 0.05) and decline of erythrocytic count (P = 0.0009). Eighteen weeks of uninterrupted supply of TAA (200 mg/L) in drinking water lead to chronic inflammation and the hematological alterations were leucopenia (P = 0.0197) accompanied with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Increase in RBCs (P = 0.0073) and Hb contents was also observed with a decline of red cell indices. Conclusion: Taken together these findings we can conclude that the animals respond differently under acute and chronic inflammatory condition with TAA administration. Leukocytosis with marked neutrophilia, thrombocytosis as well as increased hemoglobin concentration and decline of erythrocytic count were observed in acute while leucopenia accompanied with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia and increase in RBCs, Hb and Hct was also observed with a decline of other red cell indices during chronic phase.

Haematological and Hepatic Responses of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus to Sublethal Exposure of Industrial Effluents from Ologe Lagoon Environs,Lagos,Nigeria

The present study is on the haematological and hepatic responses of the African catfish fingerlings Clarias gariepinus to sublethal toxicity of industrial effluents(IE)from the environment of Ologe Lagoon,Lagos,Nigeria.The fish were cultured in five concentrations of industrial effluents:0%(control),5%,15%,25%,and 35%.Trials were carried out in triplicates for twelve(12)weeks.The culture system was a static renewable bioassay and was carried out in the fisheries laboratory of the Lagos State University,Ojo-Lagos.Weekly physico-chemical parameters:Temperature(°C),pH,conductivity(ppm)and dissolved oxygen(DO in mg/L)were measured in each treatment tank.Haematological parameters:packed cell volume(PCV),red blood cells(RBC),white blood cell(WBC),neutrophil and lymphocytes etc.,and hepatological alterations were measured after 12 weeks.The physico-chemical parameters showed that the pH ranged from 7.82±0.25~8.07±0.02.DO ranged from 1.92±0.66~4.43±1.24 mg/L.The conductivity values increased with increase in concentration of I.E.While the temperature difference remained insignificant with mean value range between 26.08±2.14~26.38±2.28.The DO showed significant differences at p<0.05.Though survival was 100%during the sublethal study,haematological results showed that C.gariepinus had PCV ranging from 13.0±1.7~27.7±0.6,RBC ranged from 4.7±0.6~9.1±0.1,and neutrophil ranged from 26.7±4.6~61.0±1.0 amongst others.The highest values of these parameters were obtained in the control and lowest at 35%.While the reverse effects were observed for WBC and lymphocytes,the liver shows normal liver cells in the control(0%),but at higher toxic levels,there were:vacoulation,destruction of the hepatic parenchyma,tissue becoming eosinophilic(i.e.tending towards Carcinogenicity)and severe disruption of the hepatic cord architecture.This study therefore shows that disposal of effluents into the aquatic environment affects the health of fishes by impairing normal hepatic functions and hindering vital physiological processes if exposure continues for a long period of time(sublethal effect).