A three-dimensional model was established to investigate water exchange in coastal waters, and applied to Qinzhou Bay(QZB) in the South China Sea. Given the strong tidal current in QZB, a half-life time was calculated...A three-dimensional model was established to investigate water exchange in coastal waters, and applied to Qinzhou Bay(QZB) in the South China Sea. Given the strong tidal current in QZB, a half-life time was calculated for water exchange by filtering the tidal signal from the concentrations of a conservative substance. In a control run driven by the tide, without external inputs and an open boundary concentration of zero, it was estimated that the average half-life time in QZB was 54.8 d. Numerical experiments showed that wind accounted for an 11.9% reduction in the half-life time to 48.3 d. When rivers were included in the model, the half-life time decreased by 74.6% to 13.9 d. Sensitivity experiments showed that the half-life time for water exchange was greatly affected by the concentration of the conservative substance which was used at the open boundary. In response to 10,20, 30, and 40% increases in the boundary concentration, the half-life time increased to 91.5, 168.3, 186.2, and 229.1 d,respectively. Results also suggested that for coastal bays with large intertidal areas such as QZB, consideration of the wet and dry processes produced more accurate simulations of the hydrodynamics and the half-life times. Simulations, which did not incorporate wet and dry processes, were more than likely to have overestimated or underestimated the half-life times for water exchange.展开更多
回复电压法(recovery voltage method,RVM)是诊断油纸绝缘复合电介质绝缘状态的无损方法。采用回复电压测试装置对不同的初始微水质量分数和老化程度的油纸绝缘试样进行测量,得到回复电压曲线的各个特征参量值:回复电压最大值、初始斜...回复电压法(recovery voltage method,RVM)是诊断油纸绝缘复合电介质绝缘状态的无损方法。采用回复电压测试装置对不同的初始微水质量分数和老化程度的油纸绝缘试样进行测量,得到回复电压曲线的各个特征参量值:回复电压最大值、初始斜率和中心时间常数;为了更全面地反映油纸绝缘的老化状态,首次定义了一个新的参量:回复电压半衰期,即回复电压值在衰减到回复电压最大值一半的时刻。研究结果表明:在不同的充电电压和充放电时间比下,回复电压最大值、中心时间常数、初始斜率均与绝缘纸聚合度有良好的线性相关性。对于同一绝缘纸试样,回复电压最大值与充电电压以及充放电时间比均为正相关关系,充放电时间比对回复电压最大值的影响更显著;充放电时间比和充电电压对中心时间常数的影响不显著,中心时间常数不易受外部测试条件改变的影响,可较准确反映绝缘试样的老化状态;初始斜率随着充放电时间比的升高而增大,但受到充电电压的影响较小。回复电压半衰期随着充放电时间比的增大而升高,是反映回复电压曲线后期特性的良好特征参量,可反映油纸绝缘慢去极化过程。展开更多
基金supported by the NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers(Grant No.U1406404)the Fundamental Research Funds for National Public Research Institutes of China(Grant No.2014T01)+2 种基金the National Program on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction(Grant No. GASI-03-IPOVAI-05)supported by the AoShan Talents Programthe Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Grant No. 2015ASTP)
文摘A three-dimensional model was established to investigate water exchange in coastal waters, and applied to Qinzhou Bay(QZB) in the South China Sea. Given the strong tidal current in QZB, a half-life time was calculated for water exchange by filtering the tidal signal from the concentrations of a conservative substance. In a control run driven by the tide, without external inputs and an open boundary concentration of zero, it was estimated that the average half-life time in QZB was 54.8 d. Numerical experiments showed that wind accounted for an 11.9% reduction in the half-life time to 48.3 d. When rivers were included in the model, the half-life time decreased by 74.6% to 13.9 d. Sensitivity experiments showed that the half-life time for water exchange was greatly affected by the concentration of the conservative substance which was used at the open boundary. In response to 10,20, 30, and 40% increases in the boundary concentration, the half-life time increased to 91.5, 168.3, 186.2, and 229.1 d,respectively. Results also suggested that for coastal bays with large intertidal areas such as QZB, consideration of the wet and dry processes produced more accurate simulations of the hydrodynamics and the half-life times. Simulations, which did not incorporate wet and dry processes, were more than likely to have overestimated or underestimated the half-life times for water exchange.
文摘回复电压法(recovery voltage method,RVM)是诊断油纸绝缘复合电介质绝缘状态的无损方法。采用回复电压测试装置对不同的初始微水质量分数和老化程度的油纸绝缘试样进行测量,得到回复电压曲线的各个特征参量值:回复电压最大值、初始斜率和中心时间常数;为了更全面地反映油纸绝缘的老化状态,首次定义了一个新的参量:回复电压半衰期,即回复电压值在衰减到回复电压最大值一半的时刻。研究结果表明:在不同的充电电压和充放电时间比下,回复电压最大值、中心时间常数、初始斜率均与绝缘纸聚合度有良好的线性相关性。对于同一绝缘纸试样,回复电压最大值与充电电压以及充放电时间比均为正相关关系,充放电时间比对回复电压最大值的影响更显著;充放电时间比和充电电压对中心时间常数的影响不显著,中心时间常数不易受外部测试条件改变的影响,可较准确反映绝缘试样的老化状态;初始斜率随着充放电时间比的升高而增大,但受到充电电压的影响较小。回复电压半衰期随着充放电时间比的增大而升高,是反映回复电压曲线后期特性的良好特征参量,可反映油纸绝缘慢去极化过程。
