Defect Inspection Technology for Steel Truss Suspension Bridges

Steel truss suspension bridges are prone to developing defects after prolonged use.These defects may include corrosion of the main cable or the steel truss.To ensure the normal and safe functioning of the suspension bridge,it is necessary to inspect for defects promptly,understand the cause of the defect,and locate it through the use of inspection technology.By promptly addressing defects,the suspension bridge’s safety can be ensured.The author has analyzed the common defects and causes of steel truss suspension bridges and proposed specific inspection technologies.This research is intended to aid in the timely discovery of steel truss suspension bridge defects.

Discussion on Construction Technology of Subway Tunnel Expansion under Bridge Foundation

As the urban populations grow,the number and size of subway construction projects are increasing while also meeting higher construction standards.So,subway construction projects must have a better understanding of construction technology.This article focuses on the construction technology of the subway tunnel expansion under the bridge foundation.By analyzing the engineering characteristics of the bridge foundation and using a project as an example,this article provides a detailed discussion of the construction process of tunnel expansion under a bridge foundation.This article aims to serve as a reference for subway tunnel construction in China to ensure the key points of construction technology are understood,thus improving construction quality and laying a solid technical foundation for the sustainable development of urban rail engineering.

A simple analytical solution for predicting deflection of a hybrid FRP-aluminum modular space truss bridge

A novel hybrid FRP-aluminum space truss was employed in a two-rut modular bridge superstructure, which is composed of standard structural units. The main objective of this work was to obtain a simple analytical solution that can conveniently predict the deflection of the proposed hybrid space truss bridge. The analytical formulae are expected to possess a straightforward format and simple calculation process. A simple description of the proposed bridge was introduced. The design formulae of the deflection were derived based on a simplified analytical plane truss model, which possessed hinge nodes and was subsequently simplified as two solid web beams during the theoretical derivation process. To validate the analytical model and formulae, numerical and experimental works were conducted and compared with the theoretical solutions. The results indicate that the analytical formulae provide higher deflection magnitudes with a difference of <1.5% compared with the experiments performed and <4.5% compared with the FE model used; the simplified plane truss is thus shown to be an effective analytical model for the derivation of deflection design formulae, which can conveniently calculate the deflection of the hybrid space truss bridge with satisfactory accuracy.

Analysis on the Structural Type of Large-span Steel Truss Bridge Spe­cially Designed for Cables

When the installation of cables and pipelines needs to go across rivers,bridges are usually adopted to support the cables and pipelines for crossing the rivers.The measure can make full use of the space resources and have no effect on the flow pattern of rivers.For this reason,analysis on the structural-type design of a large-span steel truss bridge specially used for cables has been performed.The numerical results indicate that the stayed-cable bridge with steel truss beam and concrete main tower has better performance and improved structural type caparisoned with that of the beam and arch bridges,and the construction of the major beam can be without the temporary support.

Seismic response of the long-span steel truss arch bridge with the thrust under multidimensional excitation

Purpose–Under different ground motion excitation modes,the spatial coupling effect of seismic response for the arch bridge with thrust,seismic weak parts and the internal force components of the control section of main arch ribs are analyzed.Design/methodology/approach–Taking a 490 m deck type railway steel truss arch bridge as the background,the dynamic calculation model of the whole bridge was established by SAP2000 software.The seismic response analyses under one-,two-and three-dimension(1D,2D and 3D)uniform ground motion excitations were carried out.Findings–For the steel truss arch bridge composed of multiple arch ribs,any single direction ground motion excitation will cause large axial force in the chord of arch rib.The axial force caused by transverse and vertical ground motion excitation in the chord of arch crown area is 1.4–3.6 times of the corresponding axial force under longitudinal seismic excitation.The in-plane bending moment caused by the lower chord at the vault is 4.2–5.5 times of the corresponding bending moment under the longitudinal seismic excitation.For the bottom chord of arch rib,the arch foot is the weak part of earthquake resistance,but for the upper chord of arch rib,the arch foot,arch crown and the intersection of column and upper chord can all be the potential earthquake-resistant weak parts.The normal stress of the bottom chord of the arch rib under multidimensional excitation is mainly caused by the axial force,but the normal stress of the upper chord of the arch rib is caused by the axial force,in-plane and out of plane bending moment.Originality/value–The research provides specific suggestions for ground motion excitation mode and also provides reference information for the earthquake-resistant weak part and seismic design of long-span deck type railway steel truss arch bridges.

Aerodynamic characteristics of a high-speed train crossing the wake of a bridge tower from moving model experiments

In a strong crosswind,the wake of a bridge tower will lead to an abrupt change of the aerodynamic forces acting on a vehicle passing through it,which may result in problems related to the transportation safety.This study investigates the transient aerodynamic characteristics of a high-speed train moving in a truss girder bridge and passing by a bridge tower in a wind tunnel.The scaled ratio of the train,bridge,and tower are 1:30.Effects of various parameters such as the incoming wind speed,train speed,and yaw angle on the aerodynamic performance of the train were considered.Then the sudden change mechanism of aerodynamic loads on the train when it crosses over the tower was further discussed.The results show that the bridge tower has an apparent shielding effect on the train passing through it,with the influencing width being larger than the width of the tower.The train speed is the main factor affecting the influencing width of aerodynamic coefficients,and the mutation amplitude is mainly related to the yaw angle obtained by changing the incoming wind speed or train speed.The vehicle movement introduces an asymmetry of loading on the train in the process of approaching and leaving the wake of the bridge tower,which should not be neglected.

Space shape finding FE analysis for suspension bridge based on CR formulation method

The problem of geometric non-linearity simulation for spacial cable system was solved by introducing the truss element based on corotational coordinate (CR) system, cable structure materials and node coordinates and automatic refreshing algorithms for element internal force. And the shape-finding problem for maneuvering profile was solved with the Newton-Raphson based on energy convergence criteria with search function. This has avoided the regular truss element assumption extensively used in traditional methods and catenary elements which have difficulties in practical application because of the complicated formulas. The use of CR formulation has taken into account the stiffness outside the cable plane via a geometric stiffness matrix, realizing the 3D space analysis of a cable bridge and improving the efficiency and precision for the space geometric non-linearity analysis and cable structure, and enabling more precised simulation of geometric form finding and internal force of the large span suspension bridge main cable under construction.

大跨度公铁双层斜拉桥主梁涡激共振机理与控制

以拟建的某主跨808 m公铁双层斜拉桥为工程依托,采用节段模型风洞试验研究不同攻角下双层桁架梁断面的涡振性能及5种气动控制措施的抑振效果,结合计算流体动力学(CFD)静态绕流模拟,对比分析双层桁架梁断面的涡振机理及控制方法.研究表明:主梁断面原设计方案在+3°和0°风攻角下存在明显的竖向和扭转涡振现象,且振幅超过规范允许值;间隔封闭上层桥面栏杆或增设抑流板可有效抑制主梁扭转涡振,但竖向涡振振幅仍不满足规范要求;上弦杆外侧增设风嘴可有效抑制主梁竖向和扭转涡振,而下弦杆外侧增设风嘴对主梁涡振抑振效果有限.气流经主梁原设计断面上层桥面分离后,在其上下表面形成周期性脱落的大尺度旋涡,并在上层桥面后部再附,这是主梁发生竖向涡振的主要诱因;上弦杆外侧增设风嘴可引导气流平稳通过上层桥面,消除了周期性的旋涡脱落,并在其上表面形成一段狭长“回流区”,从而有效抑制了涡振的发生.

深江铁路洪奇沥公铁大桥主桥设计关键技术

研究目的:洪奇沥公铁大桥是深江铁路的控制性工程,主桥采用主跨808 m公铁合建斜拉桥一跨跨越洪奇沥水道,上层布置8车道城市快速路,下层布置4线铁路。结合建设条件、结构特点及使用性能,对主桥结构体系、主梁横断面及结构形式、索-塔锚固结构、施工方法等关键技术展开研究,确定技术合理可行和经济节约的设计方案。研究结论:(1)首创了短边跨叠合板-桁组合梁斜拉桥结构体系,主桥长度减少20%,节省工程投资;(2)首次在4线铁路公铁合建斜拉桥上采用倒梯形双主桁截面,桥面布置紧凑、受力明确;(3)提出的边跨主梁采用矩形钢管混凝土叠合板-桁组合结构,集结构受力和锚固压重于一体,施工便捷;(4)发明了“自平衡交叉锚固+齿块锚固”的索-塔混合锚固方式,技术经济性高;(5)钢主梁创新采用“纵向大节段+横向分块”施工方法,解决了超宽超高超重整节段钢桁梁运输受既有桥净空限制的难题;(6)本研究成果可为公铁合建桁梁斜拉桥设计提供参考或借鉴。

抢险车对92m跨度复合材料桁架桥动态响应的影响

为研究大跨径桁架式纤维增强复合材料(FRP)应急抢修桥梁成桥后的动力性能,基于导梁推送施工92 m跨度的FRP桁架桥模型,编制FRP桁架桥的车桥耦合算法,研究抢险车辆的车速、质量及路面不平顺对FRP桁架桥的跨中竖向位移、竖向加速度和关键杆件轴向应力等指标的影响.结果表明:路面越不平顺,车辆对桥梁结构的冲击作用越大,且路面等级对竖向位移的影响大于对关键杆件轴向应力的影响;车速为20~50 km/h时,车速变化对冲击系数影响较小,但车速超过50 km/h时,车速的影响逐渐增大;车辆质量对桥梁各项指标动力响应的峰值曲线呈线性增大趋势.当车辆质量为2.80×10^(4)kg,车速30 km/h时,最大跨中竖向位移为167 mm,未超过抢修桥梁位移限值(L/120),表明该桥梁的设计可以满足抢险的通行要求.

某在役铆接钢桁梁桥关键构件疲劳性能研究

精准评估现役钢桥的疲劳寿命对于桥梁结构的安全运营至关重要。该文以某在役铆接钢桁梁桥为研究对象,在对桥梁结构进行计算分析明确各构件的受力特点的基础上,针对原桥典型构件以及关键节点开展系列疲劳性能研究。数值计算结果表明,城B荷载作用下原桥典型构件以及关键节点均具有良好抗疲劳性能,疲劳寿命循环次数均大于200万次。

大跨度钢桁梁桥智能建造技术应用的可行性研究

大跨度钢桁梁桥的构件制造及拼装复杂,采用场内预制组装仍需消耗大量的人力、财力及工期。因此,本文采用BIM桥梁建模、三维激光扫描和虚拟预拼装技术,进行了基于BIM技术的施工方案模拟的可行性研究和基于BIM技术与三维激光扫描方法结合的构件加工质量检测研究,并在此基础上进行了基于BIM技术与三维激光扫描方法结合的虚拟拼装技术研究,探索了大跨度钢桁梁桥智能建造技术应用于指导工程实施的可行性。

钢桁梁断面形式对公铁两用桥上列车气动特性影响

钢桁梁断面形式的不同可能会改变桥上列车的气动力,进而影响桥上列车运行安全性和舒适性。为此,以某千米级公铁两用悬索桥为工程为背景,通过风洞试验对三种常用钢桁梁断面形式的桥上列车进行测力、测压试验。研究结果表明,当单列车位于三种钢桁梁断面形式上的上游时,列车的阻力、升力系数无明显差异,而单列车位于下游时,列车的阻力、升力系数有较大的区别;在双车状态下,由于迎风侧列车的遮挡作用,改变了不同钢桁梁断面形式下列车的流场,使得钢桁梁断面形式对背风侧列车影响较小。无论列车位于上游、下游,其三种钢桁梁断面形式下列车的阻力系数、升力系数随风攻角的变化趋势一致。当列车位于上游时,其三种钢桁梁断面形式上列车顶部和底部圆弧过渡段都出现不同程度的流动分离,使得其列车平均风压系数不同;当列车位于下游时,三种钢桁梁断面形式上列车平均风压系数变化趋势一致,说明钢桁梁断面形式对下游列车的平均风压影响较小。列车位于上、下游时,其脉动风压系数会有显著的差异,其脉动风压系数的大小受腹杆布置形式的影响要比梁高的不同更为显著。本文研究结果可为大跨钢桁梁桥的断面形式选取提供参考和依据。

公铁合建斜拉桥钢桁-混凝土板组合梁受力特性

以某主跨808 m的公铁合建新型钢桁-混凝土板组合梁斜拉桥为背景,采用ANSYS软件建立局部组合梁细化的全桥多尺度有限元模型,分析其在不同工况下双层组合梁的受力传力特性和混凝土桥面板荷载分配比,并讨论混凝土桥面板厚度t_(b)、横梁刚度变化系数λ_(K)和钢与混凝土弹性模量比λ_(E)对组合梁受力传力的影响规律。结果表明:最不利组合工况下,钢桁架最不利Von Mises应力为183.6 MPa,混凝土桥面板最大拉应力为5.3 MPa,均满足结构受力要求;沿纵向路径,钢桁架和混凝土桥面应力在节间横梁间均呈“波形”分布;上下层混凝土桥面板顶、底面应力沿横向近似呈“W”和“M”状分布,表明桥面板承受一定沿横向不均匀分布弯矩;公路及铁路混凝土桥面最大剪力滞系数分别为1.45、1.36,更宽的公路混凝土桥面剪力滞效应更显著;公路及铁路混凝土桥面分别承担上、下层结构57.46%~79.99%和33.21%~62.81%的轴向荷载,为组合梁的主要传力构件;混凝土桥面板的应力随t_(b)及λ_(K)的增大而增大,随λ_(E)的增大而逐渐减小;混凝土桥面每层平均荷载分配比ξ与t_(b)成正比,与λ_(K)及λ_(E)成反比;当t_(b)、λ_(K)和λ_(E)参数的取值范围分别为0.8~1.4、0.4~1.6以及4~10时,组合梁混凝土桥面应力及荷载分配比ξ较为合理。

梁桁组合结构高铁斜拉桥的收缩徐变分析——以西十高铁汉江特大桥为例

梁桁组合结构高铁斜拉桥中,混凝土收缩徐变对桥面线性的平顺性及行车的舒适性有直接影响,是桥上能够铺设无砟轨道的关键因素。因此,为分析收缩徐变对梁桁组合结构受力和变形的影响,依托新建西安至十堰高铁汉江特大桥工程,采用CEB-FIP90徐变计算模型,通过建立有限元模型分析收缩徐变影响下主要构件的内力和变形,评价各主要受力构件刚度变化对徐变变形的贡献程度,研究改善收缩徐变变形措施。结果表明:(1)收缩徐变引起主梁跨中下挠、桥塔向跨中侧偏移,同时引起主梁和桥塔的压缩变形,5年完成的收缩徐变变形占前10年的70%以上,且主梁产生的收缩徐变贡献超过50%;(2)收缩徐变引起斜拉索索力松弛,运营30年的最大变化率在5%以内;(3)收缩徐变引起主梁应力及上下缘应力差变化,随着运营时间增加主梁跨中区域应力差增大明显,主要表现在下缘压应力储备降低;(4)随着桥塔刚度、主梁刚度、加劲钢桁刚度增大,收缩徐变引起的变形有所减小,而斜拉索刚度则产生相反的趋势。(5)延长铺轨时间、适当增加底板钢束面积、增加斜拉索索力以及在跨中加劲钢桁上弦灌注混凝土可有效降低主梁跨中徐变下挠。

导风栏杆参数对钢桁梁桥风车桥耦合振动影响研究

为探究导风栏杆参数对钢桁梁桥风车桥耦合振动的影响,以某典型超高墩钢桁梁桥为背景,对设置了新型导风栏杆的节段模型进行风洞试验及CFD数值模拟,得到不同导风栏杆参数及风攻角下车、桥三分力系数。在此基础上,建立风-车-桥系统空间耦合振动仿真分析模型,分析不同风速情况下不同导风栏杆间距、挡风面角度以及风攻角对车-桥系统动力响应的影响,得到最优导风栏杆参数。结果表明:随着导风栏杆间距增大,桥梁阻力系数缓慢减小,列车阻力系数呈增大趋势;随着挡风面角度的增大,桥梁三分力系数变化较小,列车阻力系数呈增大趋势;导风栏杆对桥梁三分力系数随风攻角变化的变化趋势影响较小,对列车阻力系数随风攻角变化的变化趋势影响较大;对于此类桥梁而言,导风栏杆间距为60~75 cm时挡风效果较为显著,60 cm间距导风栏杆可最大程度降低列车响应,且不显著增大桥梁响应;挡风面角度为10°~20°时挡风效果较为显著,10°挡风角的导风栏杆可以在充分发挥挡风效果的同时将列车响应控制在较低水平,且不会显著增大桥梁响应;挡风面角度相较于导风栏杆间距对车-桥系统振动影响小;导风栏杆可以有效减小3种风攻角条件下的列车脱轨系数以及-7°攻角条件下的轮重减载率,但同时也增大了-7°攻角和0°攻角条件下的轮重减载率以及桥梁中跨跨中横向位移。研究结果为进一步优化导风栏杆参数和保证列车在超高墩钢桁梁桥上安全营运提供参考。

大跨径刚性悬链桁架桥不带加劲弦顶推施工技术

针对悬链形上加劲连续钢桁梁桥建造,提出不带加劲弦多点同步顶推施工技术,在边跨设置拼装平台,在中跨设置临时墩,分段拼装,顶推钢桁梁,最后吊装合龙加劲弦。在施工中,设置大临结构,以减小钢桁梁的悬臂长度,适应了钢桁梁拼装及顶推装置布置的要求;采用同步控制系统与纠偏装置,解决了多点同步顶推与钢桁梁线性控制的难题;通过有限元仿真分析,验证了顶推过程的可行性;采用落梁法,解决了钢桁主梁合龙及加劲弦合龙的难题。

山区钢桁梁斜拉桥设计和工程应用研究

随着交通强国和乡村振兴等国家战略的实施,我国山区桥梁建设的数量和规模与日俱增。文章调研世界范围内2113座山区桥梁(含中国1521座),分析山区桥梁的建设难点和应用现状,阐明山区斜拉桥的关键设计技术,研究山区钢桁梁斜拉桥主梁、主塔及斜拉索的方案选型及构造设计,探讨适用于山区条件的新型斜拉桥施工方法。结果表明:我国是世界上山区桥梁建设最多的国家,贵州省又居我国首位(34.4%)。山区斜拉桥通常具有大跨径、高塔墩、小边主跨比和结构不对称等特点,运输施工易、装配程度高、抗风性能好、抗震性能优和景观造型美的结构设计成为山区桥梁的主流趋势。钢桁梁比钢箱梁斜拉桥更适应于山区的建设条件,公路钢桁梁斜拉桥一般采用两片主桁,N形桁式,主桁高度为6~9m,节间长度为6~12m,梁上标准索距为12~16m。主桁横向联系采用华伦式,桥面系常用板桁组合体系,斜拉索则主要采用钢绞线斜拉索。新开发的缆索吊机法和节段纵移悬拼法解决了山区斜拉桥主梁整节段起吊、运输和拼装的难题,可供类似桥梁借鉴和参考。

铁路钢桁梁桥明桥面复合轨枕宏-细观力学行为研究

复合轨枕是明桥面结构提质改造的重要举施,但复合成型工艺及材料特性对轨枕服役性能有直接影响。针对复合轨枕明桥面结构的特性,基于ABAQUS等仿真平台,分别建立复合轨枕的宏、细观有限元模型,从多尺度仿真角度研究列车轮载下复合材料密度,纤维束直径、取向和分布等因素对轨枕承载能力及变形影响。结果表明:增大纤维束直径、使纤维束充分分散,能够减少10%~30%的轨枕受力;改变纤维取向对提高轨枕承载力的效果较为显著,优化纤维分布取向能够使轨枕表面受力减小20%~30%;在此基础上提出“45°/0°/45°”的纤维束铺层结构,采用这种结构能在相同变形量控制水平下获得更高的承载能力,较全断面纵向铺层方案提升30%~50%。研究表明:利用复合轨枕的材料特性,优化生产制造工艺可提高其承载能力。

西十高铁汉江特大桥主桥设计

西十高铁汉江特大桥主桥为主跨420 m的梁桁组合结构双塔斜拉桥,采用半飘浮体系。主梁采用钢桁加劲PC箱梁,梁高3.0 m,桥面全宽17 m。PC箱梁采用C55混凝土,单箱四室等高截面,加劲桁采用渐变三角桁式,材质为Q370qE钢,桁高9.4 m。斜拉索采用标准抗拉强度1770 MPa的镀锌平行钢丝,双索面扇形布置。桥塔采用花瓶式钢筋混凝土框架结构,塔高186.5 m,基础采用∅3 m的钻孔灌注桩,按长短桩设计。结构受力分析结果表明:该桥力学性能指标均满足相关规范要求,整体刚度性能优越,具有良好的颤振稳定性,设置的风嘴能有效抑制涡激振动,采取加劲钢桁上弦杆灌注混凝土、延迟铺轨时间等措施能有效控制主梁的收缩徐变,桥面线形满足铺设无砟轨道的要求。