Substituted 2-halomethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans were synthesized in one pot and in mild yield from substituted o-allylphenols with diacetoxyiodobenzene in the presence of 12 or Br2 in dry CH2Cl2 under reflux.
Li-S batteries have aroused intense interests as one of the most promising high-energy-density storage technology.However,the complex undesired shuttle effect induced by dissolution and diffusion of lithium polysulfid...Li-S batteries have aroused intense interests as one of the most promising high-energy-density storage technology.However,the complex undesired shuttle effect induced by dissolution and diffusion of lithium polysulfide intermediates remains the major setback of this technology.Chemical modification of carbon cathode through heteroatom-doping is widely accepted as an effective method to inhibit the shuttle effect in Li-S battery cathode.Herein,using first principle calculations,we systematically examined the interaction between halogenated graphene and lithium polysulfide species.It is found that the halogen dopants(F,Cl,Br,I)significantly modify the local electronic structure of adsorption site and further induce a polarization to trap the polysulfides.Interestingly,a concave curve is observed from F to I for lithium polysulfide adsorption rather than a linear relation.The exceptions demonstrated from iodine dopant is carefully analyzed and attributed to its unique charge state.Moreover,boron as second dopant further strengthens the interaction between halogenated graphene and polysulfide molecule.Based on halogenation strategy,lithium polysulfide/cathode interactions are tuned in a wide range,which can also be of great importance to accelerate redox reaction in Li-S battery.Overall,an effective method by halogenation is verified to regulate the adsorption of lithium polysulfide and also enhance the reaction kinetics of the Li-S battery system.展开更多
An analytical model describing the physical relations of a UV-based process for halogenation of polymeric surfaces is presented. The process allows, depending on the parameters, a local halogenation with sharp edges a...An analytical model describing the physical relations of a UV-based process for halogenation of polymeric surfaces is presented. The process allows, depending on the parameters, a local halogenation with sharp edges at the interfaces to areas where no halogenation is desired. This is achieved via a nonreactive halogen-containing gaseous precursor and a UV source providing photons which dissociate the precursor photolytically. Thus, only where the UV photons affect the precursor, halogens are generated and the polymer is being halogenated.展开更多
An efficient and greener protocol for the synthesis of 1-halo-naphthols by the action of hydrogen peroxide and alkali metal halides in aqueous micellar media is been described in the present work. This is an environme...An efficient and greener protocol for the synthesis of 1-halo-naphthols by the action of hydrogen peroxide and alkali metal halides in aqueous micellar media is been described in the present work. This is an environmentally clean and safe procedure, which involved insitu generation of the active halogen in presence of alkali halides. Cationic surfactants such as cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) and cetyltrimethylammoniumchloride (CTAC) were found to facilitate efficiency of halogenation in aqueous media.展开更多
Halogenation of N-cinnamylbenzamides and N-[(2H-chromen-3-yl)methyl]benzamides using electrophilic halogen source was reported.Various halogenated dihydro-1,3-oxazine derivatives(45 examples)were synthesized in high t...Halogenation of N-cinnamylbenzamides and N-[(2H-chromen-3-yl)methyl]benzamides using electrophilic halogen source was reported.Various halogenated dihydro-1,3-oxazine derivatives(45 examples)were synthesized in high to excellent yields(up to 98%yields),as well as halogenated dihydrochromeno-1,3-oxazine derivatives(56 examples,up to 96%yields).The properties of mild conditions,metal-free and high efficiency of the reaction made it a promising strategy in future applications for the construction of carbon-halogen(fluorine,F;chlorine,Cl;bromine,Br;iodine,I)bond and 1,3-oxazine derivatives.展开更多
We herein uncovered an electrochemical C—H halogenation protocol that synergistically combines anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction for C—X bond formation. The reaction was demonstrated under exogenous-oxidant-fr...We herein uncovered an electrochemical C—H halogenation protocol that synergistically combines anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction for C—X bond formation. The reaction was demonstrated under exogenous-oxidant-free conditions. Moreover, this is the first example of activating CBr4, CHBr3, and CCl3Br under electrochemical conditions.展开更多
P-chirogenic compounds have been applied in different fields,especially in asymmetric catalysis as ligands and organocatalysts.However,broader applicability has been severely restricted by the lack of efficient synthe...P-chirogenic compounds have been applied in different fields,especially in asymmetric catalysis as ligands and organocatalysts.However,broader applicability has been severely restricted by the lack of efficient synthetic methods.Consequently,developing efficient methods to access these compounds is of high synthetic value.Herein,we report a convenient,efficient,and unprecedented pathway to construct valuable P-chirogenic compounds via chiral selenide-catalyzed enantioselective electrophilic aromatic halogenation.Using a new chiral bifunctional selenide as the catalyst,a variety of bis(2-hydroxyaryl)aryl phosphine oxides were efficiently converted to the corresponding chlorinated and brominated P-chirogenic compounds with good to excellent enantioselectivities.By slightly adjusting the catalyst and solvent,this method is also able to prepare chiral alkyl diaryl phosphine oxides and diaryl phosphinates.Furthermore,control experiments revealed the decomposition pathways of catalysts and the possible reasons why chiral selenide catalyst was more effective than chiral sulfide catalyst.The effect of hydrogen bonding was studied,and the reason why the chlorination took place on the various aromatic rings was elucidated when the substrates were switched from triaryl phosphine oxides to alkyl diaryl phosphine oxides and diaryl phosphinates.展开更多
(6-Amino-2-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)methanol is prepared through both traditional methods and palladium catalyzed iterative C–H halogenation reactions.In comparison to traditional approach,the C–H functionalization s...(6-Amino-2-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)methanol is prepared through both traditional methods and palladium catalyzed iterative C–H halogenation reactions.In comparison to traditional approach,the C–H functionalization strategy demonstrated a few advantages including milder reaction conditions higher yields,better selectivity and practicality,and high chemical diversity.展开更多
A TEMPO catalyzed cross-dihalogenation reaction was established via redox-regulation of the otherwise complex system of dual electrophilic X+reagents.Formally,the ICl,BrCl,I_(2) and Br_(2) were generated in-situ,which...A TEMPO catalyzed cross-dihalogenation reaction was established via redox-regulation of the otherwise complex system of dual electrophilic X+reagents.Formally,the ICl,BrCl,I_(2) and Br_(2) were generated in-situ,which enabled high regio-or stereoselective access to a myriad of iodochlorination,bromochlorination and homo-dihalogenation products with a wide spectrum of functionalities.With its mild conditions and operational simplicity,this method could enable wide applications in organic synthesis,which was exemplified by divergent synthesis of two pharmaceuticals.Detailed mechanistic investigations via radical clock reaction,pinacol ring expansion and Hammett experiments were conducted,which confirmed the intermediacy of halonium ion.In addition,a dynamic catalytic model based on the versatile catalytic role of TEMPO was proposed to explain the selective outcomes.展开更多
Aryl halides are a kind of extremely valuable compounds used in transition-metal-catalyzed coupling reactions, as well as important structure motifs in many natural products and manufactured drugs. The classical appro...Aryl halides are a kind of extremely valuable compounds used in transition-metal-catalyzed coupling reactions, as well as important structure motifs in many natural products and manufactured drugs. The classical approach for preparation of haloarenes is electrophilic aromatic substitution(EAS) using various halogenating reagents or oxidative halogenations with halogenating reagent generated in situ from halides and oxidants, such as peroxide, oxygen and meta-cholorperoxybenzoic acid(mCPBA). However, harsh reaction conditions are required for halogenation of less active aromatics, orthoMetalation followed by halogen quenching is another approach for halogenation of aromatics. However, there are obvious drawbacks for these methods, such as low regioselectivity, harsh conditions and even dangerous procedures. Therefore, the development of an alternative and practical way remains challenge in organic synthesis.展开更多
Ensuring the health and safety of drinking water is crucial for both nations and their citizens.Since the 20th century,the disinfection of drinking water,effectively controlling pathogens in water sources,has become o...Ensuring the health and safety of drinking water is crucial for both nations and their citizens.Since the 20th century,the disinfection of drinking water,effectively controlling pathogens in water sources,has become one of the significant advances in public health.However,the disinfectants used in the process,such as chlorine and chlorine dioxide,react with natural organic matter in the water to produce disinfection by-products(DBPs).Most of these DBPs contain chlorine,and if the source water contains bromine or iodine,brominated or iodinated DBPs,collectively referred to as Halogenated disinfection byproducts(X-DBPs),are formed.Numerous studies have found that X-DBPs pose potential risks to human health and the environment,leading to widespread concern.Mass spectrometry has become an important means of discovering new types of X-DBPs.This paper focuses on the study of methods for analyzing X-DBPs in drinking water using mass spectrometry.展开更多
Synthesis and characterization of (Z)-1-[2-(triphenylstannyl)vinylj-l-cyclododecanol,c-(CH2)11C(OH)CH=CHSnPh3,are reported,together with its halogenation by I2,Br2 and IC1 to yield derivatives of the types c-...Synthesis and characterization of (Z)-1-[2-(triphenylstannyl)vinylj-l-cyclododecanol,c-(CH2)11C(OH)CH=CHSnPh3,are reported,together with its halogenation by I2,Br2 and IC1 to yield derivatives of the types c-(CH2)11C(OH)CH=CHSnPh3Xn (n=1,2; X=I,Br,Cl,respectively).The molecular structures of two compounds have been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.The tin atom exhibits a distorted tetrahedral geometry in the crystal of (Z)-1-[2-(triphenylstannyl)vinyl]-1-cyclododecanol,but a trigonal bipyramidal geometry in the monoiodo-derivative (Z)-1-[2-(diphenyliodo-stannyl)vinyl]-l-cyclododecanol and other derivatives,in which significant intramolecular coordinative interaction HO→Sn is observed.And the formation of a five-membered tin containing ring is significant for their antitumour activities.展开更多
Metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)have attracted significant research interest in biomimetic catalysis.However,the modulation of the activity of MOFs by precisely tuning the coordination of metal nodes is still a signifi...Metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)have attracted significant research interest in biomimetic catalysis.However,the modulation of the activity of MOFs by precisely tuning the coordination of metal nodes is still a significant challenge.Inspired by metalloenzymes with well-defined coordination structures,a series of MOFs containing halogen-coordinated copper nodes(Cu-X MOFs,X=Cl,Br,I)are employed to elucidate their structure–activity relationship.Intriguingly,experimental and theoretical results strongly support that precisely tuning the coordination of halogen atoms directly regulates the enzyme-like activities of Cu-X MOFs by influencing the spatial configuration and electronic structure of the Cu active center.The optimal Cu–Cl MOF exhibits excellent superoxide dismutase-like activity with a specific activity one order of magnitude higher than the reported Cu-based nanozymes.More importantly,by performing enzyme-mimicking catalysis,the Cu–Cl MOF nanozyme can significantly scavenge reactive oxygen species and alleviate oxidative stress,thus effectively relieving ocular chemical burns.Mechanistically,the antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties of Cu–Cl MOF are achieved by regulating the NRF2 and JNK or P38 MAPK pathways.Our work provides a novel way to refine MOF nanozymes by directly engineering the coordination microenvironment and,more significantly,demonstrating their potential therapeutic effect in ophthalmic disease.展开更多
The Dexing porphyry deposit is the largest porphyry Cu–Mo–Au deposit in South China.Biotite composition can record the physicochemical conditions and evolution history of magmatic-hydrothermal system.Biotite from th...The Dexing porphyry deposit is the largest porphyry Cu–Mo–Au deposit in South China.Biotite composition can record the physicochemical conditions and evolution history of magmatic-hydrothermal system.Biotite from the Dexing porphyry deposit could be divided to three types:primary magmatic biotite(Bi-M),hydrothermal altered magmatic biotite(Bi-A)and hydrothermal biotite(Bi-H).The temperature of Bi-M and Bi-H range from 719 to 767℃ and 690 to 727℃,respectively.Both magmatic and hydrothermal biotite have high Fe^(3+)/Fe^(2+)ratios(from 0.18 to 0.24)and XMgvalues(from 0.57 to 0.66),indicating a high oxygen fugacity.BiM has F lower than Bi-A and Bi-H(up to 0.26 wt%),but has Cl(Cl=0.18–0.30 wt%)similar to Bi-A and Bi-H(Cl=0.21–0.35 wt%),suggesting that high Cl/F ratios of early hydrothermal fluid may result from the exsolution from high Cl magma.From potassic alteration zone to phyllic and propylitic alteration zones,Cl decreases with increasing Cu,whereas F increases roughly.Therefore,Cl mostly originate from magma,but enrichment of F possibly results from reaction of fluids and Neoproterozoic strata.Negative correlation between Cl and Cu indicates that Cl might act as an important catalyst during Cu mineralization process.Biotite from Dexing has similar halogen compositions to other porphyry Cu-/Mo deposits in the world.Chlorine contents of hydrothermal fluid may be critical for Cu transportation and enrichment,while consumption of Cl would promote Cu deposition.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are taking steps to commercialization.However,the halogen-reactive anode with high cost becomes a stumbling block.Here,the halogen migration in PSCs is utilized to in situ generate a unifor...Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are taking steps to commercialization.However,the halogen-reactive anode with high cost becomes a stumbling block.Here,the halogen migration in PSCs is utilized to in situ generate a uniform tunneling layer between the hole transport materials and anodes,which enriches the options of anodes by breaking the Schottky barrier,enabling the regular PSCs with both high efficiency and stability.Specifically,the regular PSC that uses silver iodide as the tunneling layer and copper as the anode obtains a champion power conversion efficiency of 23.24%(certified 22.74%)with an aperture area of 1.04 cm^(2).The devices are stable,maintaining 98.6%of the initial effi-ciency after 500 h of operation at the maximum power point with continuous 1 sun illumination.PSCs with different tunneling layers and anodes are fabricated,which confirm the generality of the strategy.展开更多
Developing novel unfused building blocks with simple synthesis and low cost is essential to advance and enrich cost-effective poly-mer donors;however,it remains a challenge due to the lack of efficient molecular strat...Developing novel unfused building blocks with simple synthesis and low cost is essential to advance and enrich cost-effective poly-mer donors;however,it remains a challenge due to the lack of efficient molecular strategies.Herein,a class of low-cost and fully unfused polymer donors with precisely regulated backbone planarity via halogenation was designed and synthesized,namely PDTBTBz-2H,PDTBTBz-2F,and PDTBTBz-2Cl.These polymer donors possess a four-step synthesis route with over 80%yield from cheap raw chemicals comparable to existing low-cost polymer donors,such as PTQ10.Benefitting from the planar backbone via in-corporating the F…S non-covalent interactions,PDTBTBz-2F exhibits more robust J-type aggregation in solution and a long-ranged molecular stacking in film relative to PDTBTBz-2H and PDTBTBz-2Cl.Moreover,the systematical study of PDTBTBz-based organic so-lar cells(OSCs)reveals the close relationship between optimized molecular self-assembly and charge separation/transport regarding backbone halogenation when paired with the non-fullerene acceptor(Y6-BO-4F).As a result,the photovoltaic devices based on semicrystalline PDTBTBz-2F achieved a promising power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 12.37%.Our work highlighted the influence of backbone halogenation on the molecular self-assembly properties and a potential unfused backbone motif for further developing cost-effective OSCs.展开更多
In this paper, the synthetic method for making 7,7’-dimethyl-2,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)-dithieno[2,3-b:3’,2’-d] silole (1) was developed by using 2,2’-dibromo-5,5’-bis-trimethyl-silanyl[3,3’]bithiophenyl as startin...In this paper, the synthetic method for making 7,7’-dimethyl-2,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)-dithieno[2,3-b:3’,2’-d] silole (1) was developed by using 2,2’-dibromo-5,5’-bis-trimethyl-silanyl[3,3’]bithiophenyl as starting material in one pot reaction. In the presence of NXS (X = Cl, Br, I), a novel ring-opening reation was occurred on the silole ring of 1 in DMF or THF. By using such kind of reaction, two types of ring opened products, (2’-halo-5,5’-bis(trimethylsilanyl)[3,3’]bithiophenyl-2-yl)-dimethylsilanols and 2,2’-dihalo-5,5’-bis(trimethylsi- lanyl)[3,3’]bithiophenyls were obtained efficiently.展开更多
Structural parameters of 22 halogen phenols were computed at four levels using Hartree-Fock and DFT methods. Based on the experimental data of the acute toxicity to Tetrahymena pyriformis (-lgEC_50), three-parameter...Structural parameters of 22 halogen phenols were computed at four levels using Hartree-Fock and DFT methods. Based on the experimental data of the acute toxicity to Tetrahymena pyriformis (-lgEC_50), three-parameter (energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (E_LUMO), the molecular volume (V), and the lowest negative charge (Q_min)) dependent equations were developed using structural parameters as theoretical descriptors. Especially, -lgEC_50dependent equation calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G^** level is more advantageous than the others in view of their correlation and predictive abilities. This dependent equation was validated by variance inflation factors (VIF) and t-test methods. Upon comparison, the predictive abilities of our work are all more advantageous than those calculated from the semi-empirical PM3 method.展开更多
基金We thank the National Science Foundation of China for financial support (No.29472036).
文摘Substituted 2-halomethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans were synthesized in one pot and in mild yield from substituted o-allylphenols with diacetoxyiodobenzene in the presence of 12 or Br2 in dry CH2Cl2 under reflux.
基金supported by the NSFC(21573255)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(20180510014)+1 种基金supported Joint Research Fund Liaoning Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science and the State Key Laboratory of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering(RIPP,SINOPEC)supported by the Special Program for Applied Research on Super Computation of the NSFC Guangdong Joint Fund(the second phase)under Grant no.U1501501。
文摘Li-S batteries have aroused intense interests as one of the most promising high-energy-density storage technology.However,the complex undesired shuttle effect induced by dissolution and diffusion of lithium polysulfide intermediates remains the major setback of this technology.Chemical modification of carbon cathode through heteroatom-doping is widely accepted as an effective method to inhibit the shuttle effect in Li-S battery cathode.Herein,using first principle calculations,we systematically examined the interaction between halogenated graphene and lithium polysulfide species.It is found that the halogen dopants(F,Cl,Br,I)significantly modify the local electronic structure of adsorption site and further induce a polarization to trap the polysulfides.Interestingly,a concave curve is observed from F to I for lithium polysulfide adsorption rather than a linear relation.The exceptions demonstrated from iodine dopant is carefully analyzed and attributed to its unique charge state.Moreover,boron as second dopant further strengthens the interaction between halogenated graphene and polysulfide molecule.Based on halogenation strategy,lithium polysulfide/cathode interactions are tuned in a wide range,which can also be of great importance to accelerate redox reaction in Li-S battery.Overall,an effective method by halogenation is verified to regulate the adsorption of lithium polysulfide and also enhance the reaction kinetics of the Li-S battery system.
文摘An analytical model describing the physical relations of a UV-based process for halogenation of polymeric surfaces is presented. The process allows, depending on the parameters, a local halogenation with sharp edges at the interfaces to areas where no halogenation is desired. This is achieved via a nonreactive halogen-containing gaseous precursor and a UV source providing photons which dissociate the precursor photolytically. Thus, only where the UV photons affect the precursor, halogens are generated and the polymer is being halogenated.
文摘An efficient and greener protocol for the synthesis of 1-halo-naphthols by the action of hydrogen peroxide and alkali metal halides in aqueous micellar media is been described in the present work. This is an environmentally clean and safe procedure, which involved insitu generation of the active halogen in presence of alkali halides. Cationic surfactants such as cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) and cetyltrimethylammoniumchloride (CTAC) were found to facilitate efficiency of halogenation in aqueous media.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22108264).
文摘Halogenation of N-cinnamylbenzamides and N-[(2H-chromen-3-yl)methyl]benzamides using electrophilic halogen source was reported.Various halogenated dihydro-1,3-oxazine derivatives(45 examples)were synthesized in high to excellent yields(up to 98%yields),as well as halogenated dihydrochromeno-1,3-oxazine derivatives(56 examples,up to 96%yields).The properties of mild conditions,metal-free and high efficiency of the reaction made it a promising strategy in future applications for the construction of carbon-halogen(fluorine,F;chlorine,Cl;bromine,Br;iodine,I)bond and 1,3-oxazine derivatives.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21520102003)Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China (111 Program).
文摘We herein uncovered an electrochemical C—H halogenation protocol that synergistically combines anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction for C—X bond formation. The reaction was demonstrated under exogenous-oxidant-free conditions. Moreover, this is the first example of activating CBr4, CHBr3, and CCl3Br under electrochemical conditions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.91856109 and 21772239)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant no.20lgzd21)the Leading Scientific,Technical and Innovation Talents of Guangdong Special Support Program(grant no.2019TX05Y638)for financial support.
文摘P-chirogenic compounds have been applied in different fields,especially in asymmetric catalysis as ligands and organocatalysts.However,broader applicability has been severely restricted by the lack of efficient synthetic methods.Consequently,developing efficient methods to access these compounds is of high synthetic value.Herein,we report a convenient,efficient,and unprecedented pathway to construct valuable P-chirogenic compounds via chiral selenide-catalyzed enantioselective electrophilic aromatic halogenation.Using a new chiral bifunctional selenide as the catalyst,a variety of bis(2-hydroxyaryl)aryl phosphine oxides were efficiently converted to the corresponding chlorinated and brominated P-chirogenic compounds with good to excellent enantioselectivities.By slightly adjusting the catalyst and solvent,this method is also able to prepare chiral alkyl diaryl phosphine oxides and diaryl phosphinates.Furthermore,control experiments revealed the decomposition pathways of catalysts and the possible reasons why chiral selenide catalyst was more effective than chiral sulfide catalyst.The effect of hydrogen bonding was studied,and the reason why the chlorination took place on the various aromatic rings was elucidated when the substrates were switched from triaryl phosphine oxides to alkyl diaryl phosphine oxides and diaryl phosphinates.
基金supported by ‘973’ Project (No. 2011CB965300)NSFC (Nos. 21142008, 21302106)+1 种基金Tsinghua University 985 Phase II Fundsthe Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program
文摘(6-Amino-2-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)methanol is prepared through both traditional methods and palladium catalyzed iterative C–H halogenation reactions.In comparison to traditional approach,the C–H functionalization strategy demonstrated a few advantages including milder reaction conditions higher yields,better selectivity and practicality,and high chemical diversity.
基金financial support from the NSFC(Nos.21871096,22071062,22001077)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(No.2016YFA0602900)+1 种基金the Guangdong Science and Technology Department(Nos.2018B030308007,2021A1515012331)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2018M643062,2019T120723).
文摘A TEMPO catalyzed cross-dihalogenation reaction was established via redox-regulation of the otherwise complex system of dual electrophilic X+reagents.Formally,the ICl,BrCl,I_(2) and Br_(2) were generated in-situ,which enabled high regio-or stereoselective access to a myriad of iodochlorination,bromochlorination and homo-dihalogenation products with a wide spectrum of functionalities.With its mild conditions and operational simplicity,this method could enable wide applications in organic synthesis,which was exemplified by divergent synthesis of two pharmaceuticals.Detailed mechanistic investigations via radical clock reaction,pinacol ring expansion and Hammett experiments were conducted,which confirmed the intermediacy of halonium ion.In addition,a dynamic catalytic model based on the versatile catalytic role of TEMPO was proposed to explain the selective outcomes.
文摘Aryl halides are a kind of extremely valuable compounds used in transition-metal-catalyzed coupling reactions, as well as important structure motifs in many natural products and manufactured drugs. The classical approach for preparation of haloarenes is electrophilic aromatic substitution(EAS) using various halogenating reagents or oxidative halogenations with halogenating reagent generated in situ from halides and oxidants, such as peroxide, oxygen and meta-cholorperoxybenzoic acid(mCPBA). However, harsh reaction conditions are required for halogenation of less active aromatics, orthoMetalation followed by halogen quenching is another approach for halogenation of aromatics. However, there are obvious drawbacks for these methods, such as low regioselectivity, harsh conditions and even dangerous procedures. Therefore, the development of an alternative and practical way remains challenge in organic synthesis.
文摘Ensuring the health and safety of drinking water is crucial for both nations and their citizens.Since the 20th century,the disinfection of drinking water,effectively controlling pathogens in water sources,has become one of the significant advances in public health.However,the disinfectants used in the process,such as chlorine and chlorine dioxide,react with natural organic matter in the water to produce disinfection by-products(DBPs).Most of these DBPs contain chlorine,and if the source water contains bromine or iodine,brominated or iodinated DBPs,collectively referred to as Halogenated disinfection byproducts(X-DBPs),are formed.Numerous studies have found that X-DBPs pose potential risks to human health and the environment,leading to widespread concern.Mass spectrometry has become an important means of discovering new types of X-DBPs.This paper focuses on the study of methods for analyzing X-DBPs in drinking water using mass spectrometry.
基金Project (No. 29170084) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Synthesis and characterization of (Z)-1-[2-(triphenylstannyl)vinylj-l-cyclododecanol,c-(CH2)11C(OH)CH=CHSnPh3,are reported,together with its halogenation by I2,Br2 and IC1 to yield derivatives of the types c-(CH2)11C(OH)CH=CHSnPh3Xn (n=1,2; X=I,Br,Cl,respectively).The molecular structures of two compounds have been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.The tin atom exhibits a distorted tetrahedral geometry in the crystal of (Z)-1-[2-(triphenylstannyl)vinyl]-1-cyclododecanol,but a trigonal bipyramidal geometry in the monoiodo-derivative (Z)-1-[2-(diphenyliodo-stannyl)vinyl]-l-cyclododecanol and other derivatives,in which significant intramolecular coordinative interaction HO→Sn is observed.And the formation of a five-membered tin containing ring is significant for their antitumour activities.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0908100)the National Nature Science Foundation(Grant Nos.12274356,82070931,and 82271045)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20720220022)the 111 Project(B16029)。
文摘Metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)have attracted significant research interest in biomimetic catalysis.However,the modulation of the activity of MOFs by precisely tuning the coordination of metal nodes is still a significant challenge.Inspired by metalloenzymes with well-defined coordination structures,a series of MOFs containing halogen-coordinated copper nodes(Cu-X MOFs,X=Cl,Br,I)are employed to elucidate their structure–activity relationship.Intriguingly,experimental and theoretical results strongly support that precisely tuning the coordination of halogen atoms directly regulates the enzyme-like activities of Cu-X MOFs by influencing the spatial configuration and electronic structure of the Cu active center.The optimal Cu–Cl MOF exhibits excellent superoxide dismutase-like activity with a specific activity one order of magnitude higher than the reported Cu-based nanozymes.More importantly,by performing enzyme-mimicking catalysis,the Cu–Cl MOF nanozyme can significantly scavenge reactive oxygen species and alleviate oxidative stress,thus effectively relieving ocular chemical burns.Mechanistically,the antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties of Cu–Cl MOF are achieved by regulating the NRF2 and JNK or P38 MAPK pathways.Our work provides a novel way to refine MOF nanozymes by directly engineering the coordination microenvironment and,more significantly,demonstrating their potential therapeutic effect in ophthalmic disease.
基金supported by the Chinese National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars to Dr.Gao Jian-Feng(42025301).
文摘The Dexing porphyry deposit is the largest porphyry Cu–Mo–Au deposit in South China.Biotite composition can record the physicochemical conditions and evolution history of magmatic-hydrothermal system.Biotite from the Dexing porphyry deposit could be divided to three types:primary magmatic biotite(Bi-M),hydrothermal altered magmatic biotite(Bi-A)and hydrothermal biotite(Bi-H).The temperature of Bi-M and Bi-H range from 719 to 767℃ and 690 to 727℃,respectively.Both magmatic and hydrothermal biotite have high Fe^(3+)/Fe^(2+)ratios(from 0.18 to 0.24)and XMgvalues(from 0.57 to 0.66),indicating a high oxygen fugacity.BiM has F lower than Bi-A and Bi-H(up to 0.26 wt%),but has Cl(Cl=0.18–0.30 wt%)similar to Bi-A and Bi-H(Cl=0.21–0.35 wt%),suggesting that high Cl/F ratios of early hydrothermal fluid may result from the exsolution from high Cl magma.From potassic alteration zone to phyllic and propylitic alteration zones,Cl decreases with increasing Cu,whereas F increases roughly.Therefore,Cl mostly originate from magma,but enrichment of F possibly results from reaction of fluids and Neoproterozoic strata.Negative correlation between Cl and Cu indicates that Cl might act as an important catalyst during Cu mineralization process.Biotite from Dexing has similar halogen compositions to other porphyry Cu-/Mo deposits in the world.Chlorine contents of hydrothermal fluid may be critical for Cu transportation and enrichment,while consumption of Cl would promote Cu deposition.
基金The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2020YFB1506400 and 2021YFB3800068)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11834011,12074245,U21A20171 and 52102281)+1 种基金Shanghai Sailing Program(No.21YF1421600)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(No.2021QNRC001).
文摘Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are taking steps to commercialization.However,the halogen-reactive anode with high cost becomes a stumbling block.Here,the halogen migration in PSCs is utilized to in situ generate a uniform tunneling layer between the hole transport materials and anodes,which enriches the options of anodes by breaking the Schottky barrier,enabling the regular PSCs with both high efficiency and stability.Specifically,the regular PSC that uses silver iodide as the tunneling layer and copper as the anode obtains a champion power conversion efficiency of 23.24%(certified 22.74%)with an aperture area of 1.04 cm^(2).The devices are stable,maintaining 98.6%of the initial effi-ciency after 500 h of operation at the maximum power point with continuous 1 sun illumination.PSCs with different tunneling layers and anodes are fabricated,which confirm the generality of the strategy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52203241,21905225,22005121)the Science and Technology Program of Shaanxi Province (2022JM-229,2023-JC-QN-0448)+1 种基金Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials&Devices,Soochow University (KJS2208)H.Y.W.acknowledges the financial support from the National Research Foundation of Korea (2019R1A6A1A11044070,2020M3H4A3081814).
文摘Developing novel unfused building blocks with simple synthesis and low cost is essential to advance and enrich cost-effective poly-mer donors;however,it remains a challenge due to the lack of efficient molecular strategies.Herein,a class of low-cost and fully unfused polymer donors with precisely regulated backbone planarity via halogenation was designed and synthesized,namely PDTBTBz-2H,PDTBTBz-2F,and PDTBTBz-2Cl.These polymer donors possess a four-step synthesis route with over 80%yield from cheap raw chemicals comparable to existing low-cost polymer donors,such as PTQ10.Benefitting from the planar backbone via in-corporating the F…S non-covalent interactions,PDTBTBz-2F exhibits more robust J-type aggregation in solution and a long-ranged molecular stacking in film relative to PDTBTBz-2H and PDTBTBz-2Cl.Moreover,the systematical study of PDTBTBz-based organic so-lar cells(OSCs)reveals the close relationship between optimized molecular self-assembly and charge separation/transport regarding backbone halogenation when paired with the non-fullerene acceptor(Y6-BO-4F).As a result,the photovoltaic devices based on semicrystalline PDTBTBz-2F achieved a promising power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 12.37%.Our work highlighted the influence of backbone halogenation on the molecular self-assembly properties and a potential unfused backbone motif for further developing cost-effective OSCs.
文摘In this paper, the synthetic method for making 7,7’-dimethyl-2,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)-dithieno[2,3-b:3’,2’-d] silole (1) was developed by using 2,2’-dibromo-5,5’-bis-trimethyl-silanyl[3,3’]bithiophenyl as starting material in one pot reaction. In the presence of NXS (X = Cl, Br, I), a novel ring-opening reation was occurred on the silole ring of 1 in DMF or THF. By using such kind of reaction, two types of ring opened products, (2’-halo-5,5’-bis(trimethylsilanyl)[3,3’]bithiophenyl-2-yl)-dimethylsilanols and 2,2’-dihalo-5,5’-bis(trimethylsi- lanyl)[3,3’]bithiophenyls were obtained efficiently.
基金support by the Natural Science Foundation of University, Anhui Province (No. 2006KJ156B)
文摘Structural parameters of 22 halogen phenols were computed at four levels using Hartree-Fock and DFT methods. Based on the experimental data of the acute toxicity to Tetrahymena pyriformis (-lgEC_50), three-parameter (energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (E_LUMO), the molecular volume (V), and the lowest negative charge (Q_min)) dependent equations were developed using structural parameters as theoretical descriptors. Especially, -lgEC_50dependent equation calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G^** level is more advantageous than the others in view of their correlation and predictive abilities. This dependent equation was validated by variance inflation factors (VIF) and t-test methods. Upon comparison, the predictive abilities of our work are all more advantageous than those calculated from the semi-empirical PM3 method.