All rice plant developmental stages are severely affected by soil salinity. Salinity-induced ionic and osmotic stresses affect stomata closure and gaseous exchange, and reduce transpiration and the rate of carbon assi...All rice plant developmental stages are severely affected by soil salinity. Salinity-induced ionic and osmotic stresses affect stomata closure and gaseous exchange, and reduce transpiration and the rate of carbon assimilation, and hence decrease plant yield. Understanding the response of rice plants toward salinity stress at the genetic level and developing salt-tolerant varieties are the vital mandates for its effective management. This review described the present status of salt-tolerance achieved in rice by various mechanisms including the ion homeostasis(Na^+/H^+, OsNHX antiporters), compatible organic solutes(glycine betaine and proline), antioxidative genes(OsECS, OsVTE1, OsAPX and OsMSRA4.1), salt responsive regulatory elements(transcription factors, cis-acting elements and miRNAs) and genes ecoding protein kinases(MAPKs, SAPKs and STRKs). Further, the future perspective of developing salt-tolerant varieties lies in exploring halotolerant gene homologs from rice varieties, especially the landraces. Genetic diversity among rice landraces can serve as a valuable resource for future studies toward variety improvement through breeding and genome editing. Further, identification, multiplication, preservation and utilization of biodiversity among landraces are the urgent buffers to be saved as a heritage for future generations to come.展开更多
The strain CUG00003T was isolated from the sediment of Erhai Lake of Qing Hai Province,China.Results of 16S r RNA gene sequence analyses indicated a close relationship(97%similarity)of the isolate to
A short-rod-shaped halotolerant bacterium,designated CUG00002T,was isolated from the sediment of Xiaochaidan Lake of Qadam Basin,China,using R2A medium.The cells are Gram-negative,aerobic and forming creamy and circul...A short-rod-shaped halotolerant bacterium,designated CUG00002T,was isolated from the sediment of Xiaochaidan Lake of Qadam Basin,China,using R2A medium.The cells are Gram-negative,aerobic and forming creamy and circular colonies with diameter of 1-展开更多
A halotolerant, gram positive, motile and rod, was isolated from the E1 Gol6a lake of Ghardaia, Alegria and screened for its antimicrobial potential. The strain showed an inhibitory effect to gram positive and gram ne...A halotolerant, gram positive, motile and rod, was isolated from the E1 Gol6a lake of Ghardaia, Alegria and screened for its antimicrobial potential. The strain showed an inhibitory effect to gram positive and gram negative bacteria against Cladosporium spp. and a slight inhibitory effect against C. albicans using chloroform as the extraction solvent and the nutrient broth as production medium. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the isolate named LMB3981 is a new taxon in the family of Bacillaceae （with 96% similarity）. The strain is close to Filobacillus milosensis and Bacillus haloalkaliphilum with 95% similarity. The phenotypic study showed differences between LMB3981 and two strains that are near and have confirmed the results of 16S rRNA sequencing by specific metabolic properties of the strain.展开更多
The halotolerance of phyllosoma larva of Chinese spiny lobster (Panulirus stimpsoni Holthuis) was experimentally studied in a man-made seawater of 13, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35, 39, 43, 47 and 49 salinity. The experiment...The halotolerance of phyllosoma larva of Chinese spiny lobster (Panulirus stimpsoni Holthuis) was experimentally studied in a man-made seawater of 13, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35, 39, 43, 47 and 49 salinity. The experimental results showed that phyllosoma larve survived for 4~6 d with a rate of 25.0% to 47.5% if seawater salinity was increased or decreased gradually from 31 to 49 or to 13 respectively. In a range of 23 to 39 salinity, the phyllosoma larva grew, developed and metamorphosed normally, the metamorphosis rate of which in Stages II and III being 85% and 48% , respectively, when cultured in seawater of 31 salinity. It seems that some regular dispersion of larvae appeared in various salinities of seawater; In lower salinity, they mainly dispersed in the lower layer and in higher salinity,almost stayed in the upper and middle layers. Also, the results indicated that the phyllosoma larva of Chinese spiny lobster had a strong halotolerance to various salinities of seawater ranging from 15 to 47,in which 27 to 35 salinities were appropriate for larva growth and development.展开更多
The compressive strength and flexural strength with the same strength class cement mortar of the alkali-resistant glass fiber cement mortar were tested in standard and hot-water curing condition, and the damage mechan...The compressive strength and flexural strength with the same strength class cement mortar of the alkali-resistant glass fiber cement mortar were tested in standard and hot-water curing condition, and the damage mechanism of alkali-resistant glass fiber was studied. The interaction mechanisms of the chemical erosion and physical injury in different curing conditions were studied in order to summarize the damage mechanism of alkali-resistant glass fiber in cement-based materials, and chloride diffusivity coefficient and porosity of cement mortar were tested in the different curing conditions. The experimental results are that the strength of cement based materials and fiber cement slurry interface zone were closely related, and heat curing could accelerate the hydration of cement, but inevitably enlarge the defect.展开更多
1,3-Propanediol is a promising renewable resource produced by microbial production. It is mainly used in many synthetic reactions, particularly applied to the polymer synthesis and cosmetics industry. We described her...1,3-Propanediol is a promising renewable resource produced by microbial production. It is mainly used in many synthetic reactions, particularly applied to the polymer synthesis and cosmetics industry. We described here the isolation of strain ZH-1, which has the ability of high production with 1,3-propanediol, from Fenhe River in China. It was classified as a member of K. pneumoniae after the study of phenotypic, physio-logical, biochemical and phylogenetic (16S rDNA). The initial glycerol concentration, fermentation time and pH value of strain ZH-1 were determined to be 50 g·L<sup>-1</sup>, 36 h and 8.0. Under these conditions, the practical yield of 1,3-PD was 18.53 g·L<sup>-1</sup> and a molar yield (mol<sub>1,3-PD</sub> mol<sub>Glycerol</sub>-1</sup> of 1,3-propanediol to glycerol of 0.497. In addition, we found that for the strain ZH-1, the optimum grown pH was 9.0, so we can deter-mine that it is a new member of alkali-resistant strains.展开更多
Salinized soil is an important reserved arable land resource in China.The management and utilization of salinized soil can safeguard the current size of arable land and a stable grain yield.Salt accumulation will lead...Salinized soil is an important reserved arable land resource in China.The management and utilization of salinized soil can safeguard the current size of arable land and a stable grain yield.Salt accumulation will lead to the deterioration of soil properties,destroy soil production potential and damage soil ecological functions,which in turn will threaten global water and soil resources and food security,and affect sustainable socio-economic development.Microorganisms are important components of salinized soil.Microbial remediation is an important research tool in improving salinized soil and is key to realizing sustainable development of agriculture and the ecosystem.Knowledge about the impact of salinization on soil properties and measures using microorganisms in remediation of salinized soil has grown over time.However,the mechanisms governing these impacts and the ecological principles for microbial remediation are scarce.Thus,it is imperative to summarize the effects of salinization on soil physical,chemical,and microbial properties,and then review the related mechanisms of halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms in salinized soil remediation via direct and indirect pathways.The stability,persistence,and safety of the microbial remediation effect is also highlighted in this review to further promote the application of microbial remediation in salinized soil.The objective of this review is to provide reference and theoretical support for the improvement and utilization of salinized soil.展开更多
基金Director,University Institute of Engineering and Technology and Department of Science and Technology-Science and Engineering Research Board(Grant No.SB/FT/LS-442/2012)for financial support。
文摘All rice plant developmental stages are severely affected by soil salinity. Salinity-induced ionic and osmotic stresses affect stomata closure and gaseous exchange, and reduce transpiration and the rate of carbon assimilation, and hence decrease plant yield. Understanding the response of rice plants toward salinity stress at the genetic level and developing salt-tolerant varieties are the vital mandates for its effective management. This review described the present status of salt-tolerance achieved in rice by various mechanisms including the ion homeostasis(Na^+/H^+, OsNHX antiporters), compatible organic solutes(glycine betaine and proline), antioxidative genes(OsECS, OsVTE1, OsAPX and OsMSRA4.1), salt responsive regulatory elements(transcription factors, cis-acting elements and miRNAs) and genes ecoding protein kinases(MAPKs, SAPKs and STRKs). Further, the future perspective of developing salt-tolerant varieties lies in exploring halotolerant gene homologs from rice varieties, especially the landraces. Genetic diversity among rice landraces can serve as a valuable resource for future studies toward variety improvement through breeding and genome editing. Further, identification, multiplication, preservation and utilization of biodiversity among landraces are the urgent buffers to be saved as a heritage for future generations to come.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41002123 & 41030211)Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources and Chemistry, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lake, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KLSLRC-KF-13-DX-5)+1 种基金State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (No. GBL11201)the Fundamental Research Funds for National University, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan)
文摘The strain CUG00003T was isolated from the sediment of Erhai Lake of Qing Hai Province,China.Results of 16S r RNA gene sequence analyses indicated a close relationship(97%similarity)of the isolate to
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41002123 & 41030211)Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources and Chemistry, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lake, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KLSLRC-KF-13-DX-5)+1 种基金State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (No. GBL11201)the Fundamental Research Funds for National University, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan)
文摘A short-rod-shaped halotolerant bacterium,designated CUG00002T,was isolated from the sediment of Xiaochaidan Lake of Qadam Basin,China,using R2A medium.The cells are Gram-negative,aerobic and forming creamy and circular colonies with diameter of 1-
文摘A halotolerant, gram positive, motile and rod, was isolated from the E1 Gol6a lake of Ghardaia, Alegria and screened for its antimicrobial potential. The strain showed an inhibitory effect to gram positive and gram negative bacteria against Cladosporium spp. and a slight inhibitory effect against C. albicans using chloroform as the extraction solvent and the nutrient broth as production medium. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the isolate named LMB3981 is a new taxon in the family of Bacillaceae （with 96% similarity）. The strain is close to Filobacillus milosensis and Bacillus haloalkaliphilum with 95% similarity. The phenotypic study showed differences between LMB3981 and two strains that are near and have confirmed the results of 16S rRNA sequencing by specific metabolic properties of the strain.
基金The project is supported by Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. B0010031.
文摘The halotolerance of phyllosoma larva of Chinese spiny lobster (Panulirus stimpsoni Holthuis) was experimentally studied in a man-made seawater of 13, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35, 39, 43, 47 and 49 salinity. The experimental results showed that phyllosoma larve survived for 4~6 d with a rate of 25.0% to 47.5% if seawater salinity was increased or decreased gradually from 31 to 49 or to 13 respectively. In a range of 23 to 39 salinity, the phyllosoma larva grew, developed and metamorphosed normally, the metamorphosis rate of which in Stages II and III being 85% and 48% , respectively, when cultured in seawater of 31 salinity. It seems that some regular dispersion of larvae appeared in various salinities of seawater; In lower salinity, they mainly dispersed in the lower layer and in higher salinity,almost stayed in the upper and middle layers. Also, the results indicated that the phyllosoma larva of Chinese spiny lobster had a strong halotolerance to various salinities of seawater ranging from 15 to 47,in which 27 to 35 salinities were appropriate for larva growth and development.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51009015and50872015)the Education Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.L2010038)
文摘The compressive strength and flexural strength with the same strength class cement mortar of the alkali-resistant glass fiber cement mortar were tested in standard and hot-water curing condition, and the damage mechanism of alkali-resistant glass fiber was studied. The interaction mechanisms of the chemical erosion and physical injury in different curing conditions were studied in order to summarize the damage mechanism of alkali-resistant glass fiber in cement-based materials, and chloride diffusivity coefficient and porosity of cement mortar were tested in the different curing conditions. The experimental results are that the strength of cement based materials and fiber cement slurry interface zone were closely related, and heat curing could accelerate the hydration of cement, but inevitably enlarge the defect.
文摘1,3-Propanediol is a promising renewable resource produced by microbial production. It is mainly used in many synthetic reactions, particularly applied to the polymer synthesis and cosmetics industry. We described here the isolation of strain ZH-1, which has the ability of high production with 1,3-propanediol, from Fenhe River in China. It was classified as a member of K. pneumoniae after the study of phenotypic, physio-logical, biochemical and phylogenetic (16S rDNA). The initial glycerol concentration, fermentation time and pH value of strain ZH-1 were determined to be 50 g·L<sup>-1</sup>, 36 h and 8.0. Under these conditions, the practical yield of 1,3-PD was 18.53 g·L<sup>-1</sup> and a molar yield (mol<sub>1,3-PD</sub> mol<sub>Glycerol</sub>-1</sup> of 1,3-propanediol to glycerol of 0.497. In addition, we found that for the strain ZH-1, the optimum grown pH was 9.0, so we can deter-mine that it is a new member of alkali-resistant strains.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42107513)the Key Projects of Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.22JR5RA051)+1 种基金the Gansu Province Science and Technology project(No.21JR7RA070)the Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province(No.21YF5FA151).
文摘Salinized soil is an important reserved arable land resource in China.The management and utilization of salinized soil can safeguard the current size of arable land and a stable grain yield.Salt accumulation will lead to the deterioration of soil properties,destroy soil production potential and damage soil ecological functions,which in turn will threaten global water and soil resources and food security,and affect sustainable socio-economic development.Microorganisms are important components of salinized soil.Microbial remediation is an important research tool in improving salinized soil and is key to realizing sustainable development of agriculture and the ecosystem.Knowledge about the impact of salinization on soil properties and measures using microorganisms in remediation of salinized soil has grown over time.However,the mechanisms governing these impacts and the ecological principles for microbial remediation are scarce.Thus,it is imperative to summarize the effects of salinization on soil physical,chemical,and microbial properties,and then review the related mechanisms of halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms in salinized soil remediation via direct and indirect pathways.The stability,persistence,and safety of the microbial remediation effect is also highlighted in this review to further promote the application of microbial remediation in salinized soil.The objective of this review is to provide reference and theoretical support for the improvement and utilization of salinized soil.
