Digital monitoring of rotary-percussive drilling with down-the-hole hammer for profiling weathered granitic ground

Rock and geotechnical engineering investigations involve drilling holes in ground with or without retrieving soil and rock samples to construct the subsurface ground profile.On the basis of an actual soil nailing drilling for a slope stability project in Hong Kong,this paper further develops the drilling process monitoring(DPM)method for digitally profiling the subsurface geomaterials of weathered granitic rocks using a compressed airflow driven percussive-rotary drilling machine with down-the-hole(DTH)hammer.Seven transducers are installed on the drilling machine and record the chuck displacement,DTH rotational speed,and five pressures from five compressed airflows in real-time series.The mechanism and operations of the drilling machine are elaborated in detail,which is essential for understanding and evaluating the drilling data.A MATLAB program is developed to automatically filter the recorded drilling data in time series and classify them into different drilling processes in sub-time series.These processes include penetration,push-in with or without rod,pull-back with or without rod,rod-tightening and rod-untightening.The drilling data are further reconstructed to plot the curve of drill-bit depth versus the net drilling time along each of the six drillholes.Each curve is found to contain multiple linear segments with a constant penetration rate,which implies a zone of homogenous geomaterial with different weathering grades.The effect from fluctuation of the applied pressures is evaluated quantitatively.Detailed analyses are presented for accurately assess and verify the underground profiling and strength in weathered granitic rock,which provided the basis of using DPM method to confidently assess drilling measurements to interpret the subsurface profile in real time.

基于Bentley Hammer的长距离有压管道输水工程的水锤防护研究

【目的】在长距离有压管道输水工程中,因管道内部水流条件复杂而容易产生水锤现象,不仅会影响水流正常输送,还可能导致管道破裂。因此,有必要进行长距离有压管道输水工程的水锤防护研究。【方法】基于台前县城乡供水一体化南水北调配套工程,通过Bentley Hammer软件,在最不利工况下分别建立三种数值模拟模型:无防护措施、加装复合式高速进排气阀水锤防护、气囊式空气罐和复合式高速进排气阀,进行联合水锤防护,对以上三种情况进行水力过渡过程数值模拟分析,研究复合式高速进排气阀与气囊式空气罐联合防护时的水锤防护效果以及气囊式空气罐的防护能力与预设压力和罐体体积之间的关系。【结果】结果表明:复合式高速进排气阀和气囊式空气罐可以很好地消除管道内水锤带来的危害,气囊式空气罐防护能力随着罐体体积和预设压力的增大而增强,罐体体积对其防护能力影响更显著。【结论】选择合理的罐体体积和预设压力可以使水锺防护发挥最好的防护效果,最大化输水工程的经济性。

基于Bently-Hammer软件的长距离输水管道水锤防护模拟

基于Bently-Hammer软件对某实际工程中长距离输水系统进行建模,通过实际运行中的不同工况,模拟突发事件在管道与水泵间产生的水锤影响,同时针对系统内突发事件增加液压气动罐、缓闭止回阀等水锤消除措施加以改进,为实际工程提供有效抑制水锤破坏的技术保障。

基于BentleyHammer的长距离压力输水管道水锤模拟分析

水锤模拟分析在保证工程安全运行、减少事故发生、降低人身财产风险损失等方面具有十分重要的意义。本文利用Bentley Hammer水锤分析软件,以某县城工业园区供水工程为例,模拟长距离压力输水管道工程非正常运行条件下管道水力工况,分析制定安全可靠、合理可行的水锤防护方案,保证供水工程运行安全,为长距离压力输水管道工程水锤防护方案的设计提供参考。

Bentley Hammer V8i软件在城乡一体化供水管道水锤计算中的应用

应用Bentley Hammer V8i软件模拟城乡统筹供水工程中输水和配水管道的稳态工况与事故断电工况的水锤安全性,可以清楚地展示管内水流压力的变化趋势。本文以新和县城乡一体化实际供水工程为研究对象,评估其供水管网水锤安全性。模拟结果显示,虽然该工程在稳态工况与事故断电情况下管道内压力会有剧烈波动,但仍在管道的承载能力之内,可以通过优化关阀时间及相关操作来确保供水的安全稳定。本应用可供类似城乡一体化供水工程管道设计参考。

Water hammer protection for diversion systems in front of pumps in long-distance water supply projects

For a water supply system with long-distance diversion pipelines, in addition to the water hammer problems that occur beyond pumps, the safety of the water diversion pipeline in front of pumps also deserves attention. In this study, a water hammer protection scheme combined with an overflow surge tank and a regulating valve was developed. A mathematical model of the overflow surge tank was developed, and an analytical formula for the height of the overflow surge tank was derived. Furthermore, a practical water supply project was used to evaluate the feasibility of the combined protection scheme and analyze the sensitivity of valve regulation rules. The results showed that the combined protection scheme effectively reduced the height of the surge tank, lessened the difficulties related to construction, and reduced the necessary financial investment for the project. The two-stage closing rule articulated as fast first and then slow could minimize the overflow volume of the surge tank when the power failure occurred, while the two-stage opening rule articulated as slow first and then fast could be more conducive to the safety of the water supply system when the pump started up.

基于Bentley Hammer的泵站输水系统管道优化前后的水力过渡过程研究

为了研究泵站输水系统管道优化前后事故停泵的水力过渡过程的特性,基于实际工程,运用Bentley Hammer软件,建立泵站输水系统双泵并联机组数学模型,研究两阶段不同关阀方案下管道优化前后对水锤压力、机组转速等最不利水锤参数的影响。结果表明,管道优化后最大水锤压力降低了3.76%~8.85%,最小水锤压力提升了4.89%~8.85%,最大倒转速度提高了1.47%~81.35%;快关时间对最不利水锤参数有显著影响,管道优化后泵站输水系统最不利水锤参数均比优化前提前发生。表明管道优化有效改善了泵站输水系统的水锤特性,提高了泵站输水系统的安全性。

Performance of large-diameter pneumatic down-the-hole (DTH) hammers: A focus on influences of the hammer structure

Pneumatic down-the-hole (DTH) hammer has been extensively used in air drillings through hard and ultra-hard geological formations. Numerical modeling can offer close observation on the working behaviors by visualizing internal pressure status as well as provide reliable performance predictions for large-diameter DTH hammers to which conventional empirical and experimental approaches cannot be applied. In this study, CFD simulations coupled with dynamic meshing are utilized to simulate the air flow and piston movement inside the large-diameter DTH hammers. The numerical modeling scheme is verified against a theoretical model published in literature. Effects of structural parameters on hammer performance, including piston mass, piston upper-end diameter, piston groove diameter, and lengths of intake and exhaust stroke in both front and rear chambers, are analyzed in detail by virtue of sets of numerical simulations. The simulations suggest that changing the intake stroke of front chamber has a negligible influence on hammer performance while increasing the piston groove would lower all the four indicators of hammer performance, including impact energy, impact frequency, maximum stroke, and air consumption rate. Changing the other structural parameters demonstrates mixed effects on the performance indicators. Based on the numerical simulations, a large GQ-400 DTH hammer has been designed for reduced air consumption rate and tested in a field drilling practice. The air drilling test with the designed hammer provided a penetration rate 1.7 times faster than that of conventional mud drilling.

Research on Breeze Vibration Law and Modal Identification Method of Conductor Considering Anti-Vibration Hammer Damage

In the harsh environment,the structural health of the anti-vibration hammer,which suffers from the coupled effects of corrosion and fatigue damage,is significantly reduced.As part of the conductor structure,the anti-vibration hammer is rigidly attached to the conductor,effectively suppressing conductor vibration.The conductor’s breeze vibration law and natural modal frequency are altered damage to the anti-vibration hammer structure.Through built a vibration experiment platform to simulate multiple faults such as anti-vibration hammer head drop off and position slippage,which to obtained the vibration acceleration signal of the conductor.The acceleration vibration signal is processed and analyzed in the time and frequency domains.The results are used to derive the breeze vibration law of the conductor under multiple faults and propose an anti-vibration hammer damage online monitoring technology.The results show that the vibration acceleration value and vibration intensity of the conductor are significantly increased after the anti-vibration hammer damage.The natural frequency increases for each order,with an absolute change ranging from 0.15 to 6.49 Hz.The anti-vibration hammer slipped due to a loose connection,the 1st natural frequency increases from 8.18 to 16.62 Hz.Therefore,in engineering applications,there can be no contact to determine the anti-vibration hammer damage situation by monitoring the modal natural frequency of the conductor.This is even a tiny damage that cannot be seen.This method will prevent the further expansion of the damage that can cause accidents.

基于Hammer积分的三维地面磁共振高精度正演方法

为满足三维地面磁共振正演计算的精度要求,本文提出了基于非结构不均匀四面体网格的Hammer积分算法。首先利用有限元方法实现了对地下空间的三维磁场计算,完成了地面磁共振灵敏度核函数表达式的推导。针对现有地面磁共振正演方法中常规网格尺寸大、计算精度差、细化网格尺寸小、但是数量大的问题,应用Hammer积分在常规网格中完成核函数的高精度计算。三维核函数和3个含水模型的正演仿真实验表明:基于Hammer积分的地面磁共振正演方法具有网格少、计算节点少、积分精度高的特点,能够高效解决核函数的正演计算问题。

基于Hammerstein模型的非线性气动弹性系统辨识

在非线性气动弹性系统的辨识中,Hammerstein模型常用来辨识系统的非线性部分,而假设其线性部分是已知的。本文以累积相干函数为准则,有效地选择非线性部分的基函数,减少辨识参数的数目;利用条件逆谱法得到系统线性部分的极点,并构造相应的正交基函数;基于Hammerstein模型,建立该非线性系统的参数化模型;用非迭代方法求解模型参数;从而提出了能够同时辨识系统线性和非线性部分的非迭代辨识算法。以俯仰方向含刚度五次非线性的二元翼段为例,验证了该辨识方法的有效性。

有限元方法的Gauss积分和Hammer积分方案

研究了一致网格剖分下矩形单元的Gauss数值积分和三角形单元的Hammer数值积分;再利用有限元方法求解偏微分方程,且通过非奇异问题和奇异问题的数值算例观察解的l2范数误差;进而研究单元数值积分对有限元解的精度的影响,并给出了有效且经济的数值积分方案。

RESEARCH ON THE ENERGY ECONOMIZATION OF ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC HAMMER

The research on the driving principle and economization of energy of electro-hydraulic hammer is discussed. By means of the balance chart of energy, the method and formulas to calculate every level efficiency and the total efficiency of steam drived hammer are formed.With the aid of actual data of plants,the actual efficiency of steam drived hammer is got. The working principle and the driving system of electro-hydraulic hammer are introduced. The procedure of energy energy of this hammer is analyzed. The utilization ratio of energy of this type of hammer is got. It is shown that the efficiency of electro-hydraulic hammer is 7 times as much as that of steam drived hammer.

Attenuating water hammer pressure by means of gas storage tank

The basic equations for computing the volume of gas storage tank were derived from the principles of attenuating water hammer pressure. Verifications using experiments indicate that the proposed equation can provide a fare precision in the predictions. By using the model of solid liquid two phase flow, the gas storage tank, pressure relief valves and slow closure reverse control valves were compared with practical engineering problems, and the functions of gas storage tank in attenuating water hammer pressure were further investigated. [

基于HAMMER的长距离输水管道水力过渡分析研究

在长距离输水管线发生事故停泵的时候,产生的水力过渡破坏对管线输水安全有重要的影响。本文研究以HAMMER软件作为平台,通过对输水管线的运行和事故停泵工况进行模拟研究,为确定管线最大升压和真空破坏的位置和解决方案提出建议。

Design and Prototype Test of 9FQM1000 Branch and Straw Hammer Mill

[Objectives]To better design and test 9FQM1000 branch and straw hammer mill in view of the problems of large output,low utilization rate,traditional incineration and easily polluting environment of the new agricultural economic organization's straw and waste branches.[Methods]This hammer mill adopts dual-channel feeding method.It adopts the basic working principle of disc shredding and hammer crushing.Besides,it makes design of the structure and driving system of the branch and straw hammer mill.9FQM1000 type branch and straw hammer mill can finely crush the branches and straws.Finally,it makes a trial production of 9FQM1000 type branch and straw hammer mill.[Results]The prototype test showed that the combined crushing structure of 9FQM1000 type branch and straw hammer mill is reliable,and the production capacity is 3000 kg/h.[Conclusions]The automatic feeder makes the crushing operation more stable,the labor intensity is reduced,the structure is simple,and it can be moved by traction.It is environmentally friendly and pollution-free.It has the characteristics of high safety,automation and high production efficiency.Also,crushed materials can be used as edible fungus culture medium,animal feed,organic fertilizer,etc.,and can be further compressed into biomass fuel,and the crushed branches can also be returned to the field.

Bentley Hammer软件在泵站水锤防护中的应用

通过工程实例,采用Bentley Hammer软件对乌兹别克Besharyk泵站项目进行建模,对停泵水锤进行分析与计算,针对其计算结果,提出了停泵水锤防护措施。并根据所提出的两阶段关闭止回阀和空气阀,采用Bentley Hammer软件对泵站模型进行了重新计算和分析,证明该防护措施是有效的。

AMD芯片软件开发工具Virtuhammer亮相

日前，芯片制造商AMD分别在纽约的LinuxWorld大会和巴黎的Linux博览会上演示了为其下一代芯片——Hammer系列芯片研制的软件开发工具。在一月中旬，AMD和瑞典的一家计算机系统模拟开发商Virtutech AB签署了协议，开发名为“VirtuHammer”的工具软件，以帮助软件开发者为Hammer系列芯片编写和测试64位程序。这款软件把安装了AMD公司32位的速龙芯片的计算机模拟成使用了64位Hammer系列芯片的计算机，允许开发者利用现有的可行技术去测试和调试64位软件。

基于Bentley Hammer V8i的长距离输水管道停泵水锤模拟分析

基于Bentley Hammer V8i水锤和瞬态分析软件,对某市港区引水工程长距离输水管道中水泵运行压力高于额定压力这一极端条件下,进行停泵水锤模拟分析,分析结果显示,水泵机组因突然断电或其他原因突然停车时,虽然管道内会产生高压和负压的剧烈变化,但仍在管道的承压范围内,能够保证供水安全。

Study on liquid-liquid bimetal composite casting hammers

Crusher hammers for the mineral processing industry must meet the demands of both high wear resistance at the hammer head and high impact toughness at the hammer handle. The crusher hammers made of Hadfield steel have typically low service life of less than 40 hours. To solve the problem, a kind of bimetal crusher hammers made of high chromium cast iron(HCCI) and low alloy steel(LAS) has been successfully developed by using liquid-liquid composite casting. The microstructure and composite interface bonding was analyzed using optical microscope, SEM, EDX and XRD. Micrographs indicate that the composite interface is metallurgically bonded with a zigzag shape across the boundary and without unbound region or void. After heat treatment, the composite hammers have shown excellent properties. The hardness of HCCI is at least 63 HRC and its αk is greater than 3.5 J·cm-2; the hardness of LAS is greater than 35 HRC and its αk is no less than 80 J·cm-2. Diffusion of elements takes place at the interface and forms a transition region. The micro hardness increases from LAS to the interface and then to HCCI. Wear comparison was made separately between the bimetal composite hammer and a Hadfield steel hammer in two quarries of Jilin province and Liaoning province. The results showed that the liquid-liquid bimetal composite hammers did not have the falling off of hammer head or impact fracture phenomenon, and their service life was 3.75 times as long as that of the Hadfield steel hammers.