Microstructure, Mechanical Properties (Strength and Hardness) and Wear Behavior of Chilled Aluminum Alloy (LM-13) Reinforced with Titanium Carbide (TiC) Metal Matrix Composites

This paper deals with the production of aluminum alloy (LM-13) reinforced with titanium carbide (TiC) chilled composites subject to different chilling rates to study the effect of chilling on microstructure, mechanical and tribological behavior. Metallic and non-metallic chills (25 mm thick) were used in this investigation. The specimens taken from casting blocks were tested for their microstructure, strength, hardness and wear behavior. It was found in the present investigation that chilling rate and addition of TiC reinforcement (3 to 12 wt% in steps of 3 wt%) have improved both mechanical properties (strength and hardness) and wear resistance of the composite developed. Out of the chills used, copper chill was found to be good in improving mechanical properties because of its high Volumetric Heat Capacity (VHC). It is concluded from the above investigation that type of chill and hence chilling rate, reinforcement content have an effect on mechanical properties wear behavior.

Corrosion effect on the flexural strength &micro-hardness of ips e-max ceramics

Objectives: The effect of ceramics construction (press- able, machinable) and corrosion on flexural strength and micro-hardness was studied. Materials & Methods: Two types of ceramics were tested: IPS e-max Press and IPS e-max CAD. Forty samples were constructed and divided into 2 groups according to the type of ceramics. Each group was then subdivided into 2 subgroups. Subgroups 1 were not subjected to corrosion while subgroups 2 were subjected to corro-sion test. Finally each subgroup was divided into 2 classes according to the type of test: biaxial flexural strength, micro-hardness. Results: There was a sig-nificant difference between the two tested ceramics as regard weight loss as IPS e-max CAD recorded less weight loss than IPS e-max Press. As regard the flex-ural strength, IPS e-max CAD recorded significant higher strength than IPS e-max Press. Corroded sam- ples recorded significant lower flexural strength than non-corroded samples for the two tested ceramics. As regard the Vickers micro-hardness test, the results showed significant difference between the two tested ceramics. IPS e-max CAD recorded higher mi-cro-hardness values than IPS e-max Press. The results also showed that the corroded samples recorded no significant micro-hardness values than non- corroded samples for the two tested ceramics. Conclusions: IPS e-max CAD recorded less weight loss weight loss after being subjected to corrosion test than IPS e-max Press. The method of fabrication affected the flexural strength &micro-hardness of ceramic as machinable ceramic (e-max CAD) recorded significant higher data than pressable ceramic (e-mas Press). Corrosion decreased the flexural strength of both tested ceramics but had no effect on micro- hardness.

Effect of Zirconium Oxide Nano-Fillers Addition on the Flexural Strength, Fracture Toughness, and Hardness of Heat-Polymerized Acrylic Resin

Purpose: The mechanical strength of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) remains far from ideal for maintaining the longevity of denture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanofillers powder with different concentration (1.5%, 3%, 5% and 7%) on the flexural strength, fracture toughness, and hardness of heat-polymerized acrylic resin. Materials and methods: Zirconium oxide powders with different concentrations (1.5%, 3%, 5% and 7%) were incorporated into heat-cure acrylic resin (PMMA) and processed with optimal condition (2.5:1 Powder/monomer ratio, conventional packing method and water bath curing for 2 hours at 95。C) to fabricate test specimens of PMMA of dimensions (50 × 30 × 30 mm) for the flexural strength, fracture toughness, and (50 × 30 × 30 mm) were fabricated for measuring hardness. PMMA without additives was prepared as a test control. Three types of mechanical tests;flexural strength, fracture toughness and hardness were carried out on the samples. The recorded values of flexural strength in (MPa), fracture toughness in (MPa.m1/2), and hardness (VHN) were collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s tests were used for testing the significance between the means of tested groups which are statistically significant when the P value ≤ 0.05. Results: Addition of Zirconium oxide nanofillers to PMMA significantly increased the flexural strength, fracture toughness and hardness. Conclusion: These results indicate that Zirconium oxide nanofillers added to PMMA has a potential as a reliable denture base material with increased flexural strength, fracture toughness, and hardness. According to the results of the present study, the best mechanical properties were achieved by adding 7%wt ZrO2 concentration.

瑞钢悍达HARDOX高强耐磨钢板和耐磨管在采矿设备的应用和发展

全球矿山资源都在不同程度上面临着贫矿、复杂、和深井开采的问题。设备耐磨材料的性价比成为大型企业实现生产装备大型化、自动化和轻量化的基本要素之一,而提供"高强高硬、高韧性和易加工的耐磨材料"可满足现代大型矿山的需求。瑞典钢铁公司(SSAB)是生产先进高强耐磨钢和高强结构钢的全球领先者。我们的产品在瑞典和美国生产,并在中国设有钢板产品加工厂和研发中心,以满足全球不断增长的市场需求。悍达耐磨钢板HARDOX是SSAB独家生产的全球著名品牌之一,其竞争力表现在出色的综合性能,如高硬度、高强度、极佳的低温冲击韧性和加工性能。本文介绍了悍达耐磨钢板和耐磨管的综合性能和优点,并阐述了在露天采矿、深井采矿和矿物处理方面的应用,以及瑞钢如何向客户提供最优耐磨解决方案,帮助客户开发其设备应用并产生高附加值,进而提高总的经济效益。

Elevated-temperature properties of one long-life high-strength gun steel

The hardness, tensile strength and impact toughness of one quenched and tempered steel with nominal composition of Fe-0.25C-3.0Cr-3.0Mo-0.6Ni-0.1Nb (mass fraction) both at room temperature and at elevated temperatures were investigated in order to develop high-strength steel for long-life gun barrel use. It is found that the steel has lower decrease rate of tensile strength at elevated temperature in comparison with the commonly used G4335V high-strength gun steel, which contains higher Ni and lower Cr and Mo contents. The high elevated-temperature strength of the steel is attributed to the strong secondary hardening effect and high tempering softening resistance caused by the tempering precipitation of fine Mo-rich M2C carbides in the aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa-Fe matrix. The experimental steel is not susceptible to secondary hardening embrittlement, meanwhile, its room-temperature impact energy is much higher than the normal requirement of impact toughness for high strength gun steels. Therefore, the steel is suitable for production of long-life high-strength gun barrels with the combination of superior elevated-temperature strength and good impact toughness.

Elevated-temperature properties of one long-life high-strength gun steel

The hardness, tensile strength and impact toughness of one quenched andtempered steel with nominal composition of Fe-0.25C-3.0Cr-3.0Mo-0.6Ni-0.1Nb (mass fraction) both atroom temperature and at elevated temperatures were investigated in order to develop high-strengthsteel for long-life gun barrel use. It is found that the steel has lower decrease rate of tensilestrength at elevated temperature in comparison with the commonly used G4335V high-strength gunsteel, which contains higher Ni and lower Cr and Mo contents. The high elevated-temperature strengthof the steel is attributed to the strong secondary hardening effect and high tempering softeningresistance caused by the tempering precipitation of fine Mo-rich M_2C carbides in the α-Fe matrix.The experimental steel is not susceptible to secondary hardening embrittlement, meanwhile, itsroom-temperature impact energy is much higher than the normal requirement of impact toughness forhigh strength gun steels. Therefore, the steel is suitable for production of long-life high-strengthgun barrels with the combination of superior elevated-temperature strength and good impacttoughness.

EFFECT OF RARE EARTH ELEMENT Er ON STRENGTHENING OF INTERFACE OF Ti（C，N） BASED CERMETS

ＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＲＡＲＥＥＡＲＴＨＥＬＥＭＥＮＴＥｒＯＮＳＴＲＥＮＧＴＨＥＮＩＮＧＯＦＩＮＴＥＲＦＡＣＥＯＦＴｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）ＢＡＳＥＤＣＥＲＭＥＴＳ￥ＬｉｕＮｉｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭａｔｅｒｉａｌｓＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，...

Effect of interlayer on the mechanical properties of YG8 hard carbide/40Cr steel brazed joints

The effects of Cu foil and Ni foil on the mechanical properties of YG8 hard carbide/4OCr steel brazed joints were investigated. The results show that both Cu foil and Ni foil were beneficial to decrease the residual stress and enhance the joint strength. Moreover, Ni foil exhibited the better impact on enhancing the joint strength relative to Cu foil. When Cu foil was used as interlayer material, the key factor to restrain the joint strength was the massive and quick dissolution of Cu. Therefore, in order to prevent the excessive dissolution of Cu foil, the process parameter should be controlled strictly in the brazing process.

筋膜枪与拉伸放松改善运动性肌肉疲劳的比较

背景:利用科技手段促进运动后肌肉疲劳恢复的方法逐渐增多,如振动泡沫轴、筋膜枪放松、超低温冷疗等,其中筋膜枪放松在实践中已广泛使用,但是目前国内外对于筋膜枪的研究还较少。目的:比较筋膜枪、拉伸、筋膜枪+拉伸3种放松方式对运动性肌肉疲劳恢复过程中肌肉状态、肌肉力量的影响,为3种方法的实践应用提供科学依据。方法:40名大学生随机分为对照组(10名)、拉伸组(10名)、筋膜枪组(10名)、筋膜枪+拉伸组(10名)。所有受试者完成每组15次的腿屈伸训练,强度为60%1 RM,进行10组运动性疲劳造模,随后分别采用仰卧休息、静态拉伸、筋膜枪放松、筋膜枪+拉伸放松进行干预,且在训练前、训练后即刻、放松后即刻、运动后24 h及48 h进行肌肉状态、肌肉力量指标测试。结果与结论:①放松后即刻对照组、拉伸组的肌肉张力、动态硬度显著高于训练前(P<0.01),筋膜枪、筋膜枪+拉伸组与训练前相比差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);②训练后24 h对照组、筋膜枪组的峰力矩显著低于训练前(P<0.01),拉伸组、筋膜枪+拉伸组24 h后与训练前比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);③结果说明,筋膜枪能够即刻有效改善运动性疲劳的肌肉状态,拉伸能够促进运动性疲劳后肌肉力量在24 h内得到有效恢复,筋膜枪与拉伸结合的放松手段能够实现两种效果的叠加。

一种车用纳米改性橡胶密封材料制备及性能研究

为提高橡胶密封材料的耐磨性能,以丁腈橡胶(NBR)为主要材料,纳米氧化锌为补强填料,制备一种密封材料,对其力学性能和摩擦磨损性能进行研究。结果表明,与普通氧化锌相比,含有纳米氧化锌的密封材料力学性能和耐磨性能更好,硬度为77.2 HA,压缩永久变形率为21.2%,拉伸强度和拉伸断裂伸长率分别是13.26 MPa、198.8%,撕裂强度为52.38 kN/m。在干摩擦磨损试验中,含有纳米氧化锌的密封材料平均摩擦系数为0.817,磨损量降低38.0%。在油润滑摩擦磨损试验中,含有纳米氧化锌的密封材料摩擦系数最后稳定在0.08。添加纳米氧化锌的密封材料综合性能良好,可作为汽车轴承等钢结构密封材料应用。

Concrete Compressive Strength Estimation by Means of Nondestructive Testing: A Case Study

Estimation of the mechanical properties of concrete in an existing structure is possible with the results of surface hardness and ultrasound tests (nondestructive tests (NDTs)). For both the use of correlation curves is necessary, it is established between NDT and the results of the compressive strength of test specimens or extracted from structure. The objective of this study is to produce correlations between the results of surface hardness and ultrasound NDTs and the compressive strength of the structural concrete in the bleachers of a soccer stadium in the city of Cianorte, which is located in the northwest part of the state of Paraná, Brazil. This concrete structure, which is approximately 26 years old, has some defects, such as corrosion, concrete segregation and cracks. Concrete spalling in one of the slabs has recently raised some concern. Another significant issue is the absence of records regarding concreting of the bleachers’ structure. Therefore, mapping the reinforcement was initially performed according to the results of a surface hardness test, as recommended by standard [1]. An ultrasound test was simultaneously performed according to standard [2] for the same points employed in the surface hardness test. The concrete specimens were extracted according to the recommendations of standard [1] to determine compressive strength, perform the NDT and construct the correlation curves for the results. A total of 26 concrete specimens were obtained from all structures of the bleachers. From the methodology and the results of the study, highly reliable equations were obtained from the correlation curves among the compressive strength of the concrete specimens and the values of the surface hardness index and the ultrasound wave propagation velocity.

一种提高45钢力学性能的热处理工艺

研究了提高45钢力学性能的高压调质热处理工艺。采用光学显微镜、硬度计和电子万能试验机观察和测试了该工艺处理后45钢的组织和力学性能,并与相同工艺常规热处理的样品相比较。结果表明:该工艺有效提高了45钢的力学性能,在4 GPa压力作用下,经900℃保温15 min处理后再经550℃保温40 min回火处理,45钢的硬度和压缩屈服强度分别为36.5 HRC和928 MPa,较同工艺常压调质处理的分别提高了17.74%和16.88%。

共同结构规范中舭部曲板作为硬角单元的适用条件研究

按照共同结构规范要求,对于船舶舭部板的船体梁极限强度和残存强度计算,规定在一般情况下应将其视为硬角单元,但未明确可以将其视为硬角单元的具体条件。本文利用共同结构规范对于曲板屈曲能力的评估方法和非线性屈曲有限元分析方法,对船舯区域和船舯以外区域的典型几何形状的舭部曲板进行了研究,得到了在共同结构规范要求的船体梁极限强度和残存强度计算中,舭部板可以被视为硬角单元的简要条件。

Microstructural analysis of the softened zone in the welding joint of 100 kg class hot-rolled extra-high-strength steel

Using the Gleeble 3500 thermal-mechanical system to simulate thermal cycles with different peak temperatures, the hardness and microstructure in the heat-affected zones of two kinds of 100 kg class hot-rolled extra-high-strength steel were compared. When the peak temperature of the thermal cycle was 800℃ ,incomplete transformation occurred during quenching in both steels, and massive martensite and bainite grains were formed. The hardness was determined by the composition and distribution of the microstructure. The concentration of massive martensite was low, and hence the hardness was low,in steel #1. Conversely,the massive martensite content in steel #2 was high and uniformly distributed,resulting in a high hardness. These findings can provide a reference for improving the mechanical properties in the softened zone.

氟化镧对粉煤灰基堇青石陶瓷力学性能的影响

针对粉煤灰基堇青石陶瓷力学强度难以满足高质量应用要求的难题,以氟化镧为烧结助剂,制备了力学性能优异的堇青石陶瓷。当氟化镧添加量为1.0 wt.%、烧结温度为1300℃时,所得陶瓷弹性模量、硬度和压缩强度分别为200.09 GPa、17.63 GPa和118.41 MPa。性能的显著改善主要是因为氟化镧的引入可提高液相流动性,产生致密化效果;同时,镧元素可在晶界处富集促进晶粒细化增韧。此外,少量镧元素可能会进入堇青石晶格内部,亦可对力学性能产生积极影响。

时效温度对Fe-30Mn-12Al-0.9C轻质高强钢组织和硬度的影响

针对高Al、高Mn含量的轻质高强钢Fe-30Mn-12Al-0.9C,研究了时效温度对该钢相组成、组织和硬度的影响,通过OM、XRD等分析了不同时效温度下其微观组织的演变规律。结果表明:在低温时效时,该钢的时效组织和固溶组织差异较小,主要为奥氏体+铁素体,晶内存在纳米级别κ-碳化物,硬度变化幅度较小;500℃时效时,组织中出现β-Mn,硬度开始升高;当时效温度为650℃时,组织发生明显改变,晶界出现大量β-Mn,硬度明显升高;当时效温度达到700℃时,奥氏体彻底分解为铁素体和κ-碳化物,伴随着晶界处β-Mn和κ-碳化物的聚集长大,材料的硬度达到最大值66.3 HRC。

冷轧变形程度对316L不锈钢硬度和强度比例关系的影响

采用两辊轧机对粗晶态316L不锈钢进行不同变形程度的轧制,研究不同冷变形程度对316L不锈钢硬度-屈服强度比例关系的影响。结果显示:随着冷轧变形程度的增加,材料中出现大量的位错、变形孪晶等形变缺陷,同时,马氏体相含量也增加。随着变形程度的增加,硬度与屈服强度的比值逐渐趋向于3,这主要是由于冷变形极大地削弱了316L不锈钢原有的加工硬化能力。

铝合金可溶压裂球的水解机理分析及性能探究

针对常规钢制压裂球压裂完成后破碎成本高、影响采收效率等问题,采用铸造成型方法,以铝作为可溶压裂球金属基材,在Al-Ga合金的基础上,引入Mg_(2)Sn相与In_(3)Sn相,降低活化能,与铝形成腐蚀微原电池,促进水解。可溶压裂球水解速率随溶液温度上升及NaCl浓度增加而增加。利用固溶+时效处理的方式强化铝合金力学性能。结果表明:在不同固溶温度下,铝合金压裂球维氏硬度最大可达123 HV,抗压强度最大为733.1 MPa。在温度为70℃,浓度3%NaCl溶液中平均溶解速率为1.75 g/h,最大溶解速率可达2.03 g/h,直径为Φ70 mm的压裂球263 h即可完全溶解。

C_(2)H_(2)气体流量对WC-DLC涂层结构与性能的影响

文章采用直流磁控溅射技术制备WC-DLC耐磨涂层,为了探究C_(2)H_(2)流量对WC-DLC涂层表截面形貌、微观结构、力学和摩擦学性能的影响,在10−50 mL/min C_(2)H_(2)流量下制备了WC-DLC涂层并进行表征分析。结果表明,随着C_(2)H_(2)流量的增加,涂层中碳含量增加,晶粒逐渐细化,由柱状晶逐渐转变为细晶粒,涂层变得更加致密;涂层纳米硬度与sp3杂化的C原子含量密切相关,随着涂层中sp3-C含量的增加,硬度先升高然后降低,磨损率也先升高降低;随着碳原子含量升高,涂层中出现大量的非晶碳,表面晶粒非晶化,涂层的摩擦系数逐渐减小且更加稳定。