重卡AMT控制系统HIL仿真设计与应用研究

文章首先介绍AMT控制系统的基本原理,然后基于dSPACE实时仿真系统搭建AMT控制系统输入输出对象模型以及整车动力学模型,应用仿真的环境模拟驾驶员的各种驾驶工况,对AMT控制软件进行全面的测试验证,有效地缩短开发周期,降低开发成本,提高软件成熟度。

基于车载以太网的HIL实时仿真测试平台的研究及应用

利用以太网配置工具生成同时支持CAN/CANFD通信和SOME/IP通信的Simulink模型服务接口,采用MATLAB软件创建HIL仿真模型,应用Python语言开发支持车载以太网DoIP诊断的上位机,并基于Dspace实时仿真平台搭建HIL实时仿真测试平台。结果表明:该平台可以模拟基本驾驶操作测试,同时支持CAN/CANFD通信和SOME/IP通信测试,并可以对车载以太网报文进行E2E校验;利用诊断上位机可以进行CAN/CANFD通信和DoIP通信的UDS诊断操作。

HIL Simulation of a Mixed Islanded Power Network with External DSP Regulator

The present paper deals with the development of a modular, flexible and structured block to block approach for the study of regulators by implementing the different blocks on a DSP （digital signal processor）. The proposed low-cost approach has been applied and validated by the implementation of an industrial regulator in a real time hardware-in-the-loop simulation of a mixed islanded power network including precise models of the hydraulic system. The studied network is constituted of three different types of electrical power generation systems and a consumer.

Development of a Low-cost Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation System as a Test Bench for Anti-lock Braking System

Nowadays validation of anti-lock braking systems（ABS） relies mainly on a large amount of road tests.An alternative means with higher efficiency is employing the hardware-in-the-loop simulation（HILS） system to substitute part of road tests for designing,testing,and tuning electronic control units（ECUs） of ABS.Most HILS systems for ABS use expensive digital signal processor hardware and special purpose software,and some fail-safe functions with regard to wheel speeds cannot be evaluated since artificial wheel speed signals are usually provided.In this paper,a low-cost ABS HILS test bench is developed and used for validating the anti-lock braking performance and tuning control parameters of ABS controllers.Another important merit of the proposed test bench is that it can comprehensively evaluate the fail-safe functions with regard to wheel speed signals since real tone rings and sensors are integrated in the bench.A 5-DOF vehicle model with consideration of longitudinal load transfer is used to calculate tire forces,wheel speeds and vehicle speed.Each of the four real-time wheel speed signal generators consists of a servo motor plus a ring gear,which has sufficient dynamic response ability to emulate the rapid changes of the wheel speeds under strict braking conditions of very slippery roads.The simulation of braking tests under different road adhesion coefficients using the HILS test bench is run,and results show that it can evaluate the anti-lock braking performance of ABS and partly the fail-safe functions.This HILS system can also be used in such applications as durability test,benchmarking and comparison between different ECUs.The test bench developed not only has a relatively low cost,but also can be used to validate the wheel speed-related ECU design and all its fail-safe functions,and a rapid testing and proving platform with a high efficiency for research and development of the automotive ABS is therefore provided.

Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation System for Space Manipulator Docking: Model,Stability and Experimental Evaluation

A manipulator-type docking hardware-in-the-loop(HIL)simulation system is proposed in this paper,with further development of the space docking technology and corresponding requirements of the engineering project.First,the structure of the manipulator-type HIL simulation system is explained.The mass and the flexibility of the manipulator has an important influence on the stability of the HIL system,which is the premise of accurately simulating actual space docking.Thus,the docking HIL simulation models of rigid,flexible and flexible-light space manipulators are established.The characteristics of the three HIL systems are studied from three important aspects:the system parameter configuration relation,the system stability condition and the dynamics frequency simulation ability.The key conclusions obtained were that the system satisfies stability or reproduction accuracy.Meanwhile,the influence of different manipulators on the system stability is further analyzed.The accuracy of the calculated results is verified experimentally.

Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation of Vibration Control of Stay Cables with Damper Based on dSPACE System

A simple and economical method based on dSPACE system is developed to measure the effect of cable vibration control.The experiments,numerical simulation and hardware-in-the-loop(HIL)simulation are carried out for the vibration control of stay cables with dampers.Firstly,the test results of solid cable vibration under harmonic excitation are compared with the numerical simulation results of cable vibration to ensure the correctness of the simulation of cable module.Then,the vibration test results of solid cable with damper under harmonic excitation are compared with the numerical simulation results of solid cable with damper to ensure the correctness of the relevant modules.Finally,the external load and the cable are imported into the real-time simulation system to simulate the control effect of the damper under the current excitation in real time.The results show that the simulation is correct and the HIL simulation is feasible in the bridge engineering.

FPGA-Based Real-Time Simulation of Renewable Energy Source Power Converters

Developing the control of modem power converters is a very expensive and time-consuming task. Time to market can take unacceptable long. FPGA-based real-time simulation of a power stage with analog measured signals can reduce significantly the cost and time of testing a product. This new approach is known as HIL （hardware-in-the-loop） testing. A general power converter consists of two main parts： a power level （main circuit） and a digital controller unit, which is usually realized by using some kind of DSP. Testing the controller HW and SW is quite problematic： live tests with a completely assembled converter can be dangerous and expensive. A low-power model of the main circuit can be built under laboratory conditions, but it will have parameters （e.g. time constants and relative losses） differing from the ones of the original system. The solution is the HIL simulation of the main circuit. With this method the simulator can be completely transparent for the controller unit, unlike other computer based simulation methods The subject of this paper is to develop such a real-time simulator using FPGA. The modeled circuit is a three-phase inverter, which is widely used in power converters of renewable energy sources.

FPGA-Based Real-Time Simulation of Modular Multilevel Converter HVDC Systems

AC-HVDC-AC energy conversion systems using MMC （modular multilevel converters） are becoming popular to integrate distributed energy systems to the main grid. Such multilevel converters pose a serious problems for HIL （hardware in the loop） simulators required for control, protection design and testing due to the large number of cells that must be simulated individually using very small time steps. This paper demonstrates the advantages of using a very small time step to simulate a MMC topology. The MMC is implemented on FPGA （fiel-programmable gate array） to simulate fast transient with a time step of 250 ns. The AC network and HVDC bus is simulated on the PC, with a slower time step of 10 μs to 20 μs. The simulator architecture and the components simulated on the FPGA and on the PC will be discussed, as well as the method allowing the interconnection of this slow and fast system.

基于Simulink与veDYNA联合仿真平台的AMT硬件在环试验研究

开发了包括测试系统硬件、AMT车辆实时仿真模型和试验管理软件的AMT硬件在环测试平台,构建了基于Simulink与veDYNA联合仿真平台的AMT人车路闭环系统实时仿真模型,进行AMT控制系统换挡性能硬件在环测试,并与AMT样车试验结果进行定性与定量对比分析。结果表明,硬件在环仿真试验结果与样车测试结果基本一致,具有较好的换挡品质,验证了所开发的硬件在环测试平台的可信性与准确性。

无人机飞行控制原型实验设计与实践

针对航空航天类专业课程理论教学与课程实践相结合的需要,对无人机飞行控制系统半实物仿真实验技术进行了研究,设计了无人机半实物仿真实验平台。该实验平台将三轴转台、姿态传感器等作为实物部分,基于Simbox仿真计算机建立无人机飞行控制模型,通过仿真框架软件设计、半实物仿真硬件设备搭建实现无人机姿态控制。该实验平台可应用于无人机飞行控制及科学研究等领域,具有良好的实用价值。

基于Simulink和RTX的导弹半实物仿真技术研究

针对导弹半实物仿真中的快速模型构建与实时仿真问题,给出了综合运用Simulink和RTX的解决方法。利用Simulink图形化建模环境构建导弹模型并进行数学仿真验证,通过Coder工具生成模型的C/C++代码,嵌入RTX环境下的RTSS实时进程,进行半实物仿真。应用结果表明,该方法可以实现导弹模型的快速开发和实时运行,满足半实物仿真实时性需求;同时还实现了数学仿真和半实物仿真的无缝对接,通过数学仿真预测半实物仿真试验结果,可以进一步优化试验方案,提高仿真试验效率。

一种多飞行器协同的GNC系统飞行模拟平台设计

空间站在轨组装和长期运营阶段涉及到多飞行器独立飞行、飞行器间交会对接、多飞行器组合体融合控制、多飞行器分离过程控制和飞行器返回再入等复杂飞行任务,完整、真实的飞行模拟是必需且至关重要的.基于时间同步、实时数据交换的分布式一体化仿真架构,设计了一种多飞行器协同的通用半物理制导、导航与控制(guidance,navigation and control,GNC)系统飞行模拟平台,可很好地满足复杂系统的飞行模拟需要.平台由若干灵活、可扩展的通用模拟器构成,单个模拟器通过配置可以实现任一飞行器的功能,能够独立对指定飞行器的全任务过程进行仿真.平台通过靶场仪器组B时间码(inter-range instramentation group-B,IRIG-B)信号进行时间同步,利用1553B总线完成动力学仿真数据实时交换,并在多模拟器之间通过协调机制实现热并网后进行协同仿真.该模拟平台成功应用于空间站飞行控制演练.

大型智能化低速柴油机高压共轨系统HIL仿真试验平台设计与实现

在RT-Flex60C大型智能化低速柴油机的高压共轨系统、WECS控制系统和推进控制系统基础上,增加低压供油单元和压缩空气单元,结合自主开发的实时仿真单元和信号采集单元搭建了大型智能化柴油机高压共轨系统硬件在环仿真试验平台。试验结果表明:试验平台性能稳定可靠,能如实反映高压共轨系统在真实机器上的工作过程,以及可变喷油正时、可变排气门开启和可变排气门关闭的特点。为大型智能化低速柴油机高压共轨系统的特性分析、执行机构的性能验证以及控制系统的测试提供了试验平台。

基于Unity3D的卷绕机半物理仿真系统研究

机电一体化产品在研发过程中普遍面临现场调试工作量大、周期长和成本高等问题,而且目前主流的仿真软件功能较为单一。因此,研究设计了一套兼具实时性和三维展示效果、能够连接机械电子软件的半物理仿真系统。其以卷绕机为仿真对象,利用Unity3D搭建虚拟仿真平台,通过电路板实现虚拟仿真平台与控制系统间数据的实时交互。通过输出卷绕过程中关键结构的运动时序和空间轨迹图,验证了卷绕机机电系统的工艺仿真可行性。研究结果表明,该系统可替代部分现场调试工作,提高研发效率。

星地链路雨衰信道动态特性的HIL仿真

为进一步研究自适应传输、功率控制和分集等毫米波频段星地链路的抗雨衰措施,提出了一种雨衰信道硬件在环路HIL(Hardware-in-the-loop)仿真系统的原理与实现方案。讨论了U.C.Fiebig等人提出的基于时间序列发生器原理的雨衰信道动态预测模型,设计并实现了基于MATLAB/SIMULINK软件与FPGA硬件相结合的雨衰信道硬件在环路实时仿真器。在此基础上,对不同降雨衰减条件下的MPSK/MQAM自适应调制抗雨衰措施及误码率性能进行了分析和比较,HIL仿真结果与理论上的预测分析是一致的。这种HIL雨衰信道仿真器可以用于检验卫星通信系统抗雨衰措施的有效性。

EPS机电耦合HIL台架联合仿真测试方法

为了满足EPS系统的性能和功能安全集成开发要求,建立EPS机电耦合HIL测试系统尤为重要。泛亚汽车整合MTS转向性能试验台和dSPACE实时仿真器,集成整车Carsim动力学模型,搭建了全新的EPS机电耦合HIL测试台架。基于该台架,对某项目EPS系统进行转向中心区(OC)操稳性能和轮速有效位故障模拟双移线(DLC)工况进行联合仿真HIL测试,获得了EPS系统OC工况性能客观试验数据和DLC轮速故障工况驾驶员避障峰值扭矩值,在没有物理样车的情况下对EPS系统性能集成和功能安全策略进行了提前测试验证。

基于Windows/RTX的实时仿测软件设计

针对传统测试软件实时性有限、传统仿真接口软件通用性程度低的问题,为满足半实物仿真软件需兼顾单元测试和控制系统仿真验证的需求,设计了基于Windows/RTX的实时仿测软件。仿测软件采用模块化的设计原则,开发了GUI层人机交互界面和RTX层实时运行程序。为保证实时性,采用无锁循环缓冲区+双线程技术,解决了RTX环境下仿真步长为1 ms时串口数据收发的超时问题;提出一种超时检测算法监测仿真节点的实时状态。借助cJSON优化了测试用例配置文件,用户可以更灵活地编辑测试用例,利用RTW自动代码生成将弹体模型编译集成到RTX仿测软件工程。实验结果表明:该仿测软件有效兼顾了单测与仿真,提高了仿测软件的通用性和二次开发效率,降低了开发难度。

无人机舵机HIL仿真方法研究

为简化编程及优化控制律,介绍了一种无人机舵机的H IL实时仿真方法。详细设计了系统硬件,构建了基于S imu link的舵机控制系统H IL仿真模型,可实时在线调整模型参数及监视仿真数据,实现了舵机的位置随动控制。实验结果表明,系统具有较好的实时性,能够较全面验证舵机控制软件的可靠性,加快了舵机及无人机的研制。

太阳能无人机深度强化学习航迹规划及半实物仿真

针对太阳能无人机高能效飞行航迹规划及试验验证问题,提出了一种基于深度强化学习的航迹规划方法,并搭建了地面试验平台进行半实物仿真验证。首先,建立太阳能无人机的运动学和动力学模型、能量获取与消耗等模型,并分析了时间、姿态角等飞行状态与能量状态的耦合效应。其次,建立了太阳能无人机能量最优航迹规划问题,基于双延迟深度确定性策略梯度算法开展智能体训练,并进行了有效性仿真分析。最后,搭建地面半实物测试平台,完成平台自身性能测试后,将强化学习控制器进行在线部署,进而开展半实物仿真试验验证。结果表明,相较于传统飞行策略,所提方法训练出的策略在200 s的飞行时间内获取能量提升2.9%,消耗能量降低30.46%,积累能量提升11.36%。所提策略能更加充分利用太阳能,降低飞行需求功率,达到提能增效的目标,可为太阳能无人机高能效飞行提供参考。

发动机HILS系统中曲轴转速与凸轮相位信号模拟

为了实现发动机HILS系统中曲轴转速信号与凸轮轴相位信号的精确模拟与同步,在了解这2种传感器工作原理的基础上,针对某四缸多点电控燃油喷射汽油机进行标定实验,测得曲轴与凸轮轴传感器信号随转速的变化规律及相互间的同步关系.在基于xPC Target的双机系统开发环境中,利用Matlab/Simulink/Stateflow等工具建立这2种信号的模拟及同步模型,针对不同转速下发动机台架测试数据和模型平台仿真结果进行对比实验验证.结果表明,该模型设计方法简单,信号模拟精度高,信号同步关系精确,具有很强的通用性,可以很好地满足发动机ECU HILS系统开发平台的需求.