基于线粒体DNA D-loop标记的华南地区4种鲤亚科鱼类遗传多样性分析

【目的】研究华南地区鲤亚科鱼类的遗传多样性,为开展淡水鱼类的遗传育种工作提供参考。【方法】本研究采集位于海南省、广东省、广西壮族自治区的华南鲤(Cyprinus car-piorubrofuscus Lacepede)、尖鳍鲤(Cyprinus acutidorsalis Wang)、三角鲤(Cyprinus multita-eniata Pellegrin et Chevey)和须鲫(Carassioides cantonensis Heincke)4种鲤亚科鱼类的6个种群共156个样本,采用线粒体D-loop标记分析其遗传多样性。【结果】研究结果表明,华南鲤的海南、珠江和榕江3个种群的遗传多样性相对较高,其线粒体控制区的单倍型多样性分别为0.814、0.895和0.879;须鲫、尖鳍鲤和三角鲤的单倍型多样性较低,分别为0.748、0.794和0.536。华南鲤的遗传多样性较高,其中海南种群略低于珠江种群和榕江种群,可能与历史上的冰期活动和琼州海峡的阻隔有关。须鲫、尖鳍鲤和三角鲤三者的遗传多样性相对较低,这可能与3个物种本身的分布范围较小、生存能力较差有关。【意义】本研究结果为进一步探明华南地区鲤亚科鱼类的自然资源状况和开展淡水鱼类的遗传育种工作提供了重要的参考。

量子Loop代数U_(q)(L(sl_(2)))的单权模

用构造的方法解决量子Loop代数U_(q)(L(sl_(2)))具有一个一维权空间的单权模的结构问题,得到了任意一个具有一维权空间的单权模必同构于U_(q)(L(sl_(2)))的四类单权模之一.此外,还构造了一类权空间维数为2的既非最高权也非最低权的量子Loop代数U_(q)(L(sl_(2)))的单权模.

Realization of nonlinear PID with feed-forward controller for 3-DOF flight simulator and hardware-in-the-loop simulation

As friction, intrinsic steady-state nonlinearity poses a challenging dilemma to the control system of 3-DOF （three degree of freedom） flight simulator, a novel hybrid control strategy of nonlinear PID （proportionalintegral-derivative） with additional FFC （feed-forward controller） is proposed, and the hardware-in-the-loop simulation results are also given. Based on the description of 3-DOF flight simulator, a novel nonlinear PID theory is well introduced. Then a nonlinear PID controller with additional FFC is designed. Subsequently, the loop structure of 3-DOF flight simulator is also designed. Finally, a series of hardware-in-the-loop simulation experiments are undertaken to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed nonlinear PID controller with additional FFC for 3-DOF flight simulator.

A frequency servo SoC with output power stabilization loop technology for miniaturized atomic clocks

A frequency servo system-on-chip(FS-SoC)featuring output power stabilization technology is introduced in this study for high-precision and miniaturized cesium(Cs)atomic clocks.The proposed power stabilization loop(PSL)technique,incorporating an off-chip power detector(PD),ensures that the output power of the FS-SoC remains stable,mitigating the impact of power fluctuations on the atomic clock's stability.Additionally,a one-pulse-per-second(1PPS)is employed to syn-chronize the clock with GPS.Fabricated using 65 nm CMOS technology,the measured phase noise of the FS-SoC stands at-69.5 dBc/Hz@100 Hz offset and-83.9 dBc/Hz@1 kHz offset,accompanied by a power dissipation of 19.7 mW.The Cs atomic clock employing the proposed FS-SoC and PSL obtains an Allan deviation of 1.7×10^(-11) with 1-s averaging time.

SPACECRAFT DOCKING SIMULATION USING HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP SIMULATOR WITH STEWART PLATFORM

A ground-based hardware-in-the-loop （HIL） simulation system with hydraulically driven Stewart platform for spacecraft docking simulation is presented. The system is used for simulating docking process of the on-orbit spacecraft. Principle and structure of the six-degree-of-freedom simulation system are introduced. The docking process dynamic of the vehicles is modeled. Experiment results and mathematical simulation data are compared to validating the simulation system. The comparisons of the results prove that the simulation system proposed can effectively simulate the on-orbit docking process of the spacecraft.

Rapid and stable calcium-looping solar thermochemical energy storage via co-doping binary sulfate and Al–Mn–Fe oxides

Solar thermochemical energy storage based on calcium looping(CaL)process is a promising technology for next-generation concentrated solar power(CSP)systems.However,conventional calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))pellets suffer from slow reaction kinetics,poor stability,and low solar absorptance.Here,we successfully realized high power density and highly stable solar thermochemical energy storage/release by synergistically accelerating energy storage/release via binary sulfate and promoting cycle stability,mechanical strength,and solar absorptance via Al–Mn–Fe oxides.The energy storage density of proposed CaCO_(3)pellets is still as high as 1455 kJ kg^(-1)with only a slight decay rate of 4.91%over 100 cycles,which is higher than that of state-of-the-art pellets in the literature,in stark contrast to 69.9%of pure CaCO_(3)pellets over 35 cycles.Compared with pure CaCO_(3),the energy storage power density or decomposition rate is improved by 120%due to lower activation energy and promotion of Ca^(2+)diffusion by binary sulfate.The energy release or carbonation rate rises by 10%because of high O^(2-)transport ability of molten binary sulfate.Benefiting from fast energy storage/release rate and high solar absorptance,thermochemical energy storage efficiency is enhanced by more than 50%under direct solar irradiation.This work paves the way for application of direct solar thermochemical energy storage techniques via achieving fast energy storage/release rate,high energy density,good cyclic stability,and high solar absorptance simultaneously.

Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of communication networks

To enhance the fidelity and accuracy of the simulation of communication networks,hardware-in-the-loop（HITL） simulation was employed.HITL simulation methods was classified into three categories,of which the merits and shortages were compared.Combing system-in-the-loop（SITL） simulation principle with high level architecture（HLA）,an HITL simulation model of asynchronous transfer mode（ATM） network was constructed.The throughput and end-to-end delay of all-digital simulation and HITL simulation was analyzed,which showed that HITL simulation was more reliable and effectively improved the simulation credibility of communication network.Meanwhile,HLA-SITL method was fast and easy to achieve and low-cost during design lifecycle.Thus,it was a feasible way to research and analyze the large-scale network.

Study on Hardware-in-loop Simulation of Twin-screw Extruder Experiment System

In order to facilitate the teaching of industrial processes and experiments on the twin-screw extruder control debugging,and be closer to the actual testing,to reduce the debugging costs and the risk of debugging process,the paper designs a hardware-in-loop simulation of twin-screw extruder experiment system which is closer to scene,low cost and high safety.The system through the establishment of twin-screw extruder’s mathematical model on computer to simulate the realistic system and there is hardware practicality in the computer simulation loop.The hardware based on C8051F020 can operate in the simulation loop in real time.In computer software design, we desigh man-machine interface that is intuitive and easy to operate,can reflect twin-screw extruder main operation information vividly.Finally,twin-screw extruder’s 3 heater temperature mathematical model and PID incremental control algorithm are presented.

Hardware-in-loop simulation on hydrostatic thrust bearing worktable pose

A controllable hydrostatic thrust bearing was presented to improve rigidity. The bearing worktable poses were controlled by coupling oilfilm thickness of four controllable chambers. The chamber flow can be regulated by electro hydraulic servo valve-control variable pump according to the surface roughness, load, cutting force, and thermal effects of worktable. The mathematical models of the controllable chamber flow, servo variable mechanism and controller were built. The pose control model was established, which contained the kinematics positive and negative solution and control strategy of feedforward and hydraulic cylinder position feedback. Hardware-in-loop simulation experiment was carried out on the electro hydraulic servo test bench by means of the non-linear relation of film thickness and hydraulic cylinder displacement. Hardware-in-loop simulation experiment results show that the controllable bearings exhibit high oilfilm rigidity, the rising time is 0.24 s and the maximum overshoot is 2.23%, and can be applied in high precision heavy machine tool.

Development of a Low-cost Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation System as a Test Bench for Anti-lock Braking System

Nowadays validation of anti-lock braking systems（ABS） relies mainly on a large amount of road tests.An alternative means with higher efficiency is employing the hardware-in-the-loop simulation（HILS） system to substitute part of road tests for designing,testing,and tuning electronic control units（ECUs） of ABS.Most HILS systems for ABS use expensive digital signal processor hardware and special purpose software,and some fail-safe functions with regard to wheel speeds cannot be evaluated since artificial wheel speed signals are usually provided.In this paper,a low-cost ABS HILS test bench is developed and used for validating the anti-lock braking performance and tuning control parameters of ABS controllers.Another important merit of the proposed test bench is that it can comprehensively evaluate the fail-safe functions with regard to wheel speed signals since real tone rings and sensors are integrated in the bench.A 5-DOF vehicle model with consideration of longitudinal load transfer is used to calculate tire forces,wheel speeds and vehicle speed.Each of the four real-time wheel speed signal generators consists of a servo motor plus a ring gear,which has sufficient dynamic response ability to emulate the rapid changes of the wheel speeds under strict braking conditions of very slippery roads.The simulation of braking tests under different road adhesion coefficients using the HILS test bench is run,and results show that it can evaluate the anti-lock braking performance of ABS and partly the fail-safe functions.This HILS system can also be used in such applications as durability test,benchmarking and comparison between different ECUs.The test bench developed not only has a relatively low cost,but also can be used to validate the wheel speed-related ECU design and all its fail-safe functions,and a rapid testing and proving platform with a high efficiency for research and development of the automotive ABS is therefore provided.

Advancing neuroscience through real-time processing of big data:Transition from open-loop to closed-loop paradigms

The brain functions as a closed-loop system that continuously generates behavior in response to the external environment and adjusts actions based on the outcomes.Traditional research methodologies in neuroscience,especially those employed in brain imaging experiments,have mainly adopted an open-loop paradigm(Grosenick et al.,2015).Functional neural circuits are analyzed offline and subsequently tested through manipulation of neuronal activities within specific regions or with genetic markers.By establishing a closed-loop research paradigm,functional ensembles can be detected and tested in real time with temporal sequences.These functional ensembles,rather than brain regions or genetically labeled neural populations,serve as fundamental units of neural networks,offering valuable insights into the dissection of neural circuits.The closed-loop research paradigm also enables the capture of high-dimensional activities of internal brain dynamics and precise elucidation of physiological processes such as learning,decision-making,and sleep.

Matlab Based Human & Hardware-in-Loop Simulation for the Study on Vehicle Stability Control

This paper described an effective method to implement human & hardware in the loop simulation(HHILS), which is based on MATLAB system and can be used to study human driving actions in the abrupt situation and vehicle stability control(VSC). A hybrid control algorithm, which makes full use of the advantages of robust control and fuzzy logic, was adopted in VSC system. The results of HHILS show that HHILS’ application on the vehicle handling and VSC resarch is feasible. These results also confirm that the handling performance of the vehicle with VSC is improved obviously compared to the vehicle without VSC.

庆阳驴mtDNA D-loop区遗传多样性及起源分析

[目的]研究庆阳驴养殖群体的遗传多样性与母系起源,了解其遗传信息,为保护庆阳驴种质资源、选育和遗传改良工作提供理论依据。[方法]随机选取133头庆阳驴,对其线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)D-loop区序列进行PCR扩增、测序及比对,并探讨庆阳驴的遗传多样性与母系起源。[结果]在获得的520 bp D-loop碱基序列中,AT含量(57.3%)高于GC含量(42.8%),表现出碱基的偏倚性;检测到38个变异位点,包含8个碱基对的转换;其核苷酸多样性(Pi)、单倍型多样性(Hd)、平均核苷酸差异(K)分别为0.01591、0.895和8.274,与欧洲家驴和中国家驴研究的平均值相比较低,说明该驴品种核苷酸变异较为贫乏。庆阳驴mtDNA D-loop区存在35个单倍型,单倍型之间的遗传距离为0.002~0.042。系统进化结果显示,庆阳驴存在2个线粒体支系,表明其具有2个母系起源,且遗传距离表明,庆阳驴与克罗地亚家驴之间的遗传距离较近。[结论]本研究从分子水平初步揭示庆阳驴核苷酸变异比较贫乏,杂交程度高,mtDNA遗传多态性正逐步丧失,应加强庆阳驴品种的遗传资源保护工作。

Hardware-in-the-Loop Research on the Electronic Control Unit for Diesel Engines

A hardware-in-the-loop simulating platform is developed to avoid designing defects caused by the complicated logical structure and multiple-functional buildup of the dectronic control unit（ECU）in modem diesel engines, and to diminish potential damages on components or human exposure to dangers in R＆D en- deavor. This plat-form consists of a computer installed with software Matlab/Simulink/RTW and dSPACE/ ControlDesk; a diesel engine ECU, and a dSPACE autobox which runs a real-time diesel engine model. A typical model of diesel engine with turbocharger and intercooler is presented. Based on this model our research is carried out with a real ECU to test its software control strategies. Results show that by using the diesel engine model downloaded inside, the hardware-in-the-loop platform can simulate diesel engine＇s working conditions and generate all kinds of sensor signals which ECU needs on a real-time basis. So the ECU control strategies can be validated and relevant parameters roughly calibrated.

基于D-loop序列和微卫星标记的4个黄颡鱼群体的遗传变异分析

为探究广东珠江、广西漓江、四川金沙江和云南西江4个水系黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)群体的遗传变异情况,本研究分别基于上述水系共108尾黄颡鱼的线粒体D-loop序列和12个微卫星标记对4个黄颡鱼群体进行群体内遗传多样性、群体间遗传距离和变异及群体结构分析。结果表明:共得到105个D-loop序列,其核苷酸组成中A+T含量占比为56.22%,G+C含量占比为43.78%。在105个有效序列中,多态位点数为746个(含缺和无效多态位点),单倍型数为51个。Hap2、Hap25、Hap15分别是广东珠江、广西漓江、四川金沙江群体的优势单倍型。4个黄颡鱼群体的单倍型多样性(H_(d))介于0.842~0.940,核苷酸多样性(π)介于0.002~0.083;四川金沙江群体Hd的最低,π也处于较低水平;而云南西江群体的Hd和π均最高;4个群体的Tajima′s D值均小于0。等位基因数(Na)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)、多态信息含量(PIC)均为广西漓江群体最高,广东珠江群体次之,云南西江群体较低,四川金沙江群体最低。4个黄颡鱼群体的K2P遗传距离介于0.008~0.115之间,其中广西漓江与云南西江群体间的K2P遗传距离最近;广东珠江群体与其他3个群体的K2P遗传距离较远,与四川金沙江群体的K2P遗传距离最远。4个黄颡鱼群体间均存在极显著的遗传分化(P<0.01),群体间遗传分化指数(F_(st))介于0.114~0.959之间。4个黄颡鱼群体间Nei’s遗传距离和遗传一致性分别介于0.117~1.114之间和0.328~0.890之间,其中,广西漓江群体与云南西江群体的Nei’s遗传距离最近、遗传一致性最高,广东珠江与四川金沙江群体的Nei’s遗传距离最远、遗传一致性最低。在UPGMA系统聚类树中,4个黄颡鱼群体主要分为两支,其中广西漓江群体、云南西江群体最先聚为一支,然后与四川金沙江群体聚为一支,最后与广东珠江群体聚类。在NJ聚类树中,4个群体黄颡鱼的明显分为4个分支,广西漓江群体与云南西江群体呈镶嵌式分布。4个黄颡鱼群体中共享单倍型较少,但特有单倍型较多,其中云南西江和广西漓江群体相邻较近且共有单倍型较多。在基于Nei’s遗传距离进行的主坐标分析中,广西漓江群体和云南西江群体的个体之间遗传差异较小,广东珠江和四川金沙江群体的个体之间遗传差异较大。说明四川金沙江群体遗传多样性水平较低,云南西江群体遗传多样性水平较高,广西漓江群体与云南西江群体存在一定的基因交流。

Mn-doped SrCoO_(3-δ) Perovskite Oxides for Ethylene Production via Chemical Looping Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane

Chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation (CL-ODH) is an economically promising method for convertingethane into higher value-added ethylene utilizing lattice oxygen in redox catalysts, also known as oxygen carriers. Inthis study, perovskite-type oxide SrCoO_(3-δ) and B-site Mn ion-doped oxygen carriers (SrCo_(1-x)MnxO_(3-δ), x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3)were prepared and tested for the CL-ODH of ethane. The oxygen-deficient perovskite SrCoO_(3-δ) exhibited high ethyleneselectivity of up to 96.7% due to its unique oxygen vacancies and lattice oxygen migration rates. However, its low ethyleneyield limits its application in the CL-ODH of ethane. Mn doping promoted the reducibility of SrCoO_(3-δ) oxygen carriers,thereby improving ethane conversion and ethylene yield, as demonstrated by characterization and evaluation experiments.X-ray diffraction results confirmed the doping of Mn into the lattice of SrCoO_(3-δ), while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) indicated an increase in lattice oxygen ratio upon incorporation of Mn into the SrCoO_(3-δ) lattice. Additionally, H2temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) tests revealed more peaks at lower temperature reduction zones and a declinein peak positions at higher temperatures. Among the four tested oxygen carriers, SrCo0.8Mn0.2O_(3-δ) exhibited satisfactoryperformance with an ethylene yield of 50% at 710 °C and good stability over 20 redox cycles. The synergistic effect of Mnplays a key role in increasing ethylene yields of SrCoO_(3-δ) oxygen carriers. Accordingly, SrCo0.8Mn0.2O_(3-δ) shows promisingpotential for the efficient production of ethylene from ethane via CL-ODH.

Gigahertz frequency hopping in an optical phase-locked loop for Raman lasers

Raman lasers are essential in atomic physics,and the development of portable devices has posed requirements for time-division multiplexing of Raman lasers.We demonstrate an innovative gigahertz frequency hopping approach of a slave Raman laser within an optical phase-locked loop(OPLL),which finds practical application in an atomic gravimeter,where the OPLL frequently switches between near-resonance lasers and significantly detuned Raman lasers.The method merges the advantages of rapid and extensive frequency hopping with the OPLL’s inherent low phase noise,and exhibits a versatile range of applications in compact laser systems,promising advancements in portable instruments.

Age of Loop Information with Flexible Transmission Enabled Communication and Control Co-Design in Industrial IoT

Precise and low-latency information transmission through communication systems is essential in the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT).However,in an industrial system,there is always a coupling relationship between the control and communication components.To improve the system's overall performance,exploring the co-design of communication and control systems is crucial.In this work,we propose a new metric±Age of Loop Information with Flexible Transmission(AoLI-FT),which dynamically adjusts the maximum number of uplink(UL)and downlink(DL)transmission rounds,thus enhancing reliability while ensuring timeliness.Our goal is to explore the relationship between AoLI-FT,reliability,and control convergence rate,and to design optimal blocklengths for UL and DL that achieve the desired control convergence rate.To address this issue,we first derive a closed-form expression for the upper bound of AoLI-FT.Subsequently,we establish a relationship between communication reliability and control convergence rates using a Lyapunov-like function.Finally,we introduce an iterative alternating algorithm to determine the optimal communication and control parameters.The numerical results demonstrate the significant performance advantages of our proposed communication and control co-design strategy in terms of latency and control cost.

Optimizing the sulfur-resistance and activity of perovskite oxygen carrier for chemical looping dry reforming of methane

Perovskite oxides has been attracted much attention as high-performance oxygen carriers for chemical looping reforming of methane,but they are easily inactivated by the presence of trace H_(2)S.Here,we propose to modulate both the activity and resistance to sulfur poisoning by dual substitution of Mo and Ni ions with the Fe-sites of LaFeO_(3)perovskite.It is found that partial substitution of Ni for Fe substantially improves the activity of LaFeO_(3)perovskite,while Ni particles prefer to grow and react with H_(2)S during the long-term successive redox process,resulting in the deactivation of oxygen carriers.With the presence of Mo in LaNi_(0.05)Fe_(0.95)O_(3−σ)perovskite,H_(2)S preferentially reacts with Mo to generate MoS_(2),and then the CO_(2)oxidation can regenerate Mo via removing sulfur.In addition,Mo can inhibit the accumulation and growth of Ni,which helps to improve the redox stability of oxygen carriers.The LaNi_(0.05)Mo_(0.07)Fe_(0.88)O_(3−σ)oxygen carrier exhibits stable and excellent performance,with the CH_(4)conversion higher than 90%during the 50 redox cycles in the presence of 50 ppm H_(2)S at 800℃.This work highlights a synergistic effect in the perovskite oxides induced by dual substitution of different cations for the development of high-performance oxygen carriers with excellent sulfur tolerance.

Effects of interstitial cluster mobility on dislocation loops evolution under irradiation of austenitic steel

The evolution of dislocation loops in austenitic steels irradiated with Fe^(+)is investigated using cluster dynamics(CD)simulations by developing a CD model.The CD predictions are compared with experimental results in the literature.The number density and average diameter of the dislocation loops obtained from the CD simulations are in good agreement with the experimental data obtained from transmission electron microscopy(TEM)observations of Fe~+-irradiated Solution Annealed 304,Cold Worked 316,and HR3 austenitic steels in the literature.The CD simulation results demonstrate that the diffusion of in-cascade interstitial clusters plays a major role in the dislocation loop density and dislocation loop growth;in particular,for the HR3 austenitic steel,the CD model has verified the effect of temperature on the density and size of the dislocation loops.