Micro-mobile heat pipe-cooled nuclear power plants are promising candidates for distributed energy resource power genera-tors and can be flexibly deployed in remote places to meet increasing electric power demands.How...Micro-mobile heat pipe-cooled nuclear power plants are promising candidates for distributed energy resource power genera-tors and can be flexibly deployed in remote places to meet increasing electric power demands.However,previous steady-state simulations and experiments have deviated significantly from actual micronuclear system operations.Hence,a transient analysis is required for performance optimization and safety assessment.In this study,a hardware-in-the-loop(HIL)approach was used to investigate the dynamic behavior of scaled-down heat pipe-cooled systems.The real-time features of the HIL architecture were interpreted and validated,and an optimal time step of 500 ms was selected for the thermal transient.The power transient was modeled using point kinetic equations,and a scaled-down thermal prototype was set up to avoid mod-eling unpredictable heat transfer behaviors and feeding temperature samples into the main program running on a desktop PC.A series of dynamic test results showed significant power and temperature oscillations during the transient process,owing to the inconsistency of the rapid nuclear reaction rate and large thermal inertia.The proposed HIL approach is stable and effective for further studying of the dynamic characteristics and control optimization of solid-state small nuclear-powered systems at an early prototyping stage.展开更多
Assessment of railway wheel slide protection(WSP) systems involves the execution of complex experimental activities that are quite expensive and time-consuming, since they involve the physical reproduction of degraded...Assessment of railway wheel slide protection(WSP) systems involves the execution of complex experimental activities that are quite expensive and time-consuming, since they involve the physical reproduction of degraded adhesion conditions on a real railway line. WSP is devoted to regulating applied braking forces to avoid excessive wheel sliding in case of degraded adhesion conditions between wheel and rail. WSP must be also compliant to safety specifications related to assured braking performances and consumed air. Hardware in the loop(HIL) testing offers an affordable and sustainable way to accelerate these activities optimizing cost, duration and safety of experimental activities performed online. HIL test rigs are subjected to continuous updates, customization and natural ageing of their components. This work investigates the criteria that can be adopted to assure a continuous monitoring and validation of a real WSP test rig, the Italian test rig of Firenze Osmannoro.展开更多
目的探讨中国流行株 HIV- 1gag与 h IL - 2 /h IL - 6共表达重组核酸疫苗质粒的免疫效果。方法以核酸疫苗质粒 p IRES1neo为表达载体 ,构建重组核酸疫苗质粒 p IRES1- gag、p IRES1- gag- h IL- 2、p IRES1- gag- h IL- 6 ,通过间接免...目的探讨中国流行株 HIV- 1gag与 h IL - 2 /h IL - 6共表达重组核酸疫苗质粒的免疫效果。方法以核酸疫苗质粒 p IRES1neo为表达载体 ,构建重组核酸疫苗质粒 p IRES1- gag、p IRES1- gag- h IL- 2、p IRES1- gag- h IL- 6 ,通过间接免疫荧光试验、Dot- EL ISA检测 gag/h IL - 2 /h IL - 6基因的表达产物。另将此重组核酸疫苗质粒免疫 Balb/c小鼠 ,进行淋巴细胞转化试验、CD4+ 、CD8+ T淋巴细胞数量测定、细胞毒性 T淋巴细胞 (CTL )特异性杀伤作用检测及血清抗体检测 ,结果构建的重组质粒转染 BHK细胞后可表达目的基因 ,免疫小鼠后可有效地刺激淋巴细胞增殖、诱导特异性 CTL 反应 ,当和 h IL- 2 /h IL- 6共表达时免疫效果更加显著。讨论与 Gag蛋白共表达的 h IL- 2 /h IL- 6能够进一步增强免疫鼠的细胞免疫与体液免疫水平 ,构建的重组质粒为 HIV-展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFB1901900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12275175)+2 种基金Special Fund for Strengthening Industry of Shanghai(No.GYQJ-2018-2-02)Shanghai Rising Star Program(No.21QA1404200)the LingChuang Research Project of the China National Nuclear Corporation.
文摘Micro-mobile heat pipe-cooled nuclear power plants are promising candidates for distributed energy resource power genera-tors and can be flexibly deployed in remote places to meet increasing electric power demands.However,previous steady-state simulations and experiments have deviated significantly from actual micronuclear system operations.Hence,a transient analysis is required for performance optimization and safety assessment.In this study,a hardware-in-the-loop(HIL)approach was used to investigate the dynamic behavior of scaled-down heat pipe-cooled systems.The real-time features of the HIL architecture were interpreted and validated,and an optimal time step of 500 ms was selected for the thermal transient.The power transient was modeled using point kinetic equations,and a scaled-down thermal prototype was set up to avoid mod-eling unpredictable heat transfer behaviors and feeding temperature samples into the main program running on a desktop PC.A series of dynamic test results showed significant power and temperature oscillations during the transient process,owing to the inconsistency of the rapid nuclear reaction rate and large thermal inertia.The proposed HIL approach is stable and effective for further studying of the dynamic characteristics and control optimization of solid-state small nuclear-powered systems at an early prototyping stage.
文摘Assessment of railway wheel slide protection(WSP) systems involves the execution of complex experimental activities that are quite expensive and time-consuming, since they involve the physical reproduction of degraded adhesion conditions on a real railway line. WSP is devoted to regulating applied braking forces to avoid excessive wheel sliding in case of degraded adhesion conditions between wheel and rail. WSP must be also compliant to safety specifications related to assured braking performances and consumed air. Hardware in the loop(HIL) testing offers an affordable and sustainable way to accelerate these activities optimizing cost, duration and safety of experimental activities performed online. HIL test rigs are subjected to continuous updates, customization and natural ageing of their components. This work investigates the criteria that can be adopted to assure a continuous monitoring and validation of a real WSP test rig, the Italian test rig of Firenze Osmannoro.
