Evaluation of Drought Hazard Area of GharehAghaj Basin in Iran, Using GIS

In GharehAghaj basin drought has the most profound effect on the way of living and regional economy. Drought Hazard by nature is a result of interrelated parameters concerned. The objective of this paper presents a model to assess hazard of drought using the Geographical Information System (GIS). The data analyzed have been gathered from the records, reports and maps published by the governmental offices of Iran. Various drought hazard indicators have different severity classification in different models. The drought hazard indicator maps take into account the meteorological, hydrological, physical and socioeconomic characteristics that related to drought hazard. Each of the hazard indicator maps and also final hazard map are classified into 4 hazard classes of drought: mild, moderate, severe and very severe. The final hazard classes were defined on the basis of hazard scores arrived at by assigning the appropriate attributes to the indicators and the final hazard map was prepared by overlaying different hazard indicator maps in the GIS, deploying the new model. The final Hazard Map shows that moderate hazard areas (89.87% of the basin) are much widespread than areas under severe hazard (10.13% of the basin) which are observed in the Southeast of the region.

Research on intelligent search-and-secure technology in accelerator hazardous areas based on machine vision

Prompt radiation emitted during accelerator operation poses a significant health risk,necessitating a thorough search and securing of hazardous areas prior to initiation.Currently,manual sweep methods are employed.However,the limitations of manual sweeps have become increasingly evident with the implementation of large-scale accelerators.By leveraging advancements in machine vision technology,the automatic identification of stranded personnel in controlled areas through camera imagery presents a viable solution for efficient search and security.Given the criticality of personal safety for stranded individuals,search and security processes must be sufficiently reliable.To ensure comprehensive coverage,180°camera groups were strategically positioned on both sides of the accelerator tunnel to eliminate blind spots within the monitoring range.The YOLOV8 network model was modified to enable the detection of small targets,such as hands and feet,as well as larger targets formed by individuals near the cameras.Furthermore,the system incorporates a pedestrian recognition model that detects human body parts,and an information fusion strategy is used to integrate the detected head,hands,and feet with the identified pedestrians as a cohesive unit.This strategy enhanced the capability of the model to identify pedestrians obstructed by equipment,resulting in a notable improvement in the recall rate.Specifically,recall rates of 0.915 and 0.82were obtained for Datasets 1 and 2,respectively.Although there was a slight decrease in accuracy,it aligned with the intended purpose of the search-and-secure software design.Experimental tests conducted within an accelerator tunnel demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach in achieving reliable recognition outcomes.

Integrated Evaluation on Highway Engineering Geological Hazard in Mountainous Area of Enshi, Hubei

Aiming at the geological features of highway engineering in mountainous area of Enshi, Hubei Province, the principles to set up an integrated evaluation system for highway engineering geological hazard are formulated. Then, the integrated evaluation system for highway engineering geological hazard in mountainous area of Enshi is established. In the evaluation system, the first-level evaluation indices are geological development degree, geological conditions, and damaging power, whereas the second-level indices including key factors affecting main kinds of geological hazard. Meanwhile, the borders of indices are determined. At last, the method of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation （FCE） is adopted to quantitatively evaluate the highway engineering geological hazard in mountainous area of Enshi.

MASS MOVEMENT AND LANDSLIDE HAZARD, MURREE AREA, NORTH PAKISTAN

The summer resort of Murree and adjoining areas is characterized by high degree of erosivity and erodibility due to both natural and man induced factors. This area is part of a young orogenic belt that is experiencing one of the world’s most rapid uplift rates, and is located in near vicinity of major thrust faults. Shear zones associated with still active faults, such as Murree Thrust and also the folding generated due to thrusting induce an inherited weakness and natural instability potential in the rocks of the Murree Hills. Ever increasing population pressure, deforestation, large\|scale construction works including a new township and a road network have further aggravated the problem. In order to study the landslides and other mass movement related problems in Murree, an area around the main town is selected for detailed analysis of the problem as it has been focus of major development and road construction work. This study is an attempt to prepare a preliminary hazard/landslide map along major road network, around Murree town to identify the unstable areas. Data collection during the fieldwork and its analysis were carried out on Geographic Information System (GIS) based on ILWIS format of the ITC, the Netherlands. Detailed study of a few selected landslides has also been conducted to understand the mechanism of failure and extent of damage.

Remote Sense and GIS-Based Division of Landslide Hazard Degree in Wanzhou District of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

An evaluation model divided landslide hazard degrees in Wanzhou District of Three Gorges Reservoir Area. The model was established by GIS techniques and took land use/cover, stratum characters, slope aspect, slope gradient, elevation difference and slope shape as evaluation factors. The data of land use/cover were obtained by remote sensing, and the weights of the factors mentioned above were established by the analytic hierarchy process （AHP）. The results indicate, low danger areas in the studied area account for 66.51%, and high danger areas and very high danger areas occupy 1/3 of the total area. The regions of high and very high danger are mainly located around the urban area of Wanzhou District and on the banks of the Yangtze River with a relatively large area, where collapse and landslide directly threats densely populated areas and Three Gorges Reservoir. Slope destabilization, if occurs, will bring huge loss to social economy. All research results are consistent with the actual conditions; therefore, they can be regarded as a useful basis for planning and constructing of the reservoir area.

System Development for Storm Surge Hazard Assessment Based on WebG IS for Tianjin Binhai New Area

It is imperative to develop a risk assessment system for quickly predicting storm surge disaster due to the vulnerability of Tianjin Binhai New Area. The flood routing model with user-defined breaches was firstly established based on the seed spread algorithm in order to achieve a rapid forecasting of storm surge flood information. Furthermore, fuzzy mathematics was utilized to identify the storm disaster grade, and the hazard mapping was conducted to visually obtain the hazard spatial and temporal distribution. Finally, the flood routing visualization method was proposed based on numerical simulation of storm surge to achieve the reappearance scene of dynamic evolution process. The developed system can play a vital role in the management and decision-making of sea dyke mitigation engineering in Tianjin Binhai New Area.

极端环境隧道建造面临的主要问题及发展趋势

聚焦艰险山区、深水海域与城市敏感区3类极端环境,全面梳理和总结了在此环境下隧道建造面临的主要问题、相关技术突破和未来发展趋势。针对艰险山区中极高地应力、高地温、高海拔以及活动断裂带等极端条件,总结分析围岩和隧道的变形机制、破坏机制及防护措施,并指出未来可通过大数据、机器学习等手段建立更精准的预测模型,以实现隧道建造过程的实时监控和风险评估;针对深水海域中高水压、高烈度地震、强侵蚀环境等极端条件,分析多因素耦合下沉管法及盾构法隧道管片及接头的劣损和破坏机制,总结提升其力学和耐久性能的主要技术措施,并提出未来仍需针对海底隧道管片接头的防水、抗震及抗侵蚀性能开展更深入的研究,以形成完整的理论和技术体系;针对城市敏感区隧道穿越既有隧道、敏感建构筑物、地下障碍物等挑战,总结分析盾构法和顶管法施工环境响应规律、地层变形评估方法和控制技术措施,提出未来可采用机器学习等技术辅助隧道建设,以提升预测和控制的准确性,减小建设过程对城市环境的扰动。目前,相关研究成果为极端环境下的隧道工程建设提供了重要支撑,但部分技术仍需进一步在实践中完善并形成规范,以指导后续的工程建设;而随着新一代信息技术的发展,未来隧道建造必将朝着数字化、智能化、自动化的方向发展,从而保障极端环境下隧道建设的安全、绿色、高效。

Type of major water hazards and study of countermeasures in Shennan Mining Area

By analysing the hydrogeological conditions of this region and the coal mines hereof, together with the water hazards troubled Shennan mine area in recent years, this paper summarized six types of mine water hazards. As per the basic characteristics, geological distribution, threat degree and difficulty of prevention of various water hazards, along with the practice of water prevention in the mining area, this article proposed effective technical measures for the prevention and control of different water hazards and laid a solid foundation for the safe production in the mining area.

Distribution and Characteristics of Hazardous Geological Features in the Marine Coastal and Offshore Areas of Zhejiang Province, East China Sea

Newly acquired high-resolution shallow seismic profiles(7069 km in length) in the coastal and offshore areas of Zhejiang Province, East China Sea, China, have revealed eight marine hazardous geological features: shallow gas, sand ridges, erosion ditches, scarps, irregular bedrock features, underwater shoals, buried paleo-channels, and submarine deltas. Based on the seismic profiles, we have constructed a marine geological map of these hazardous features. Shallow gas accumulations are common and occur mainly in two separate nearshore regions that cover 4613 and 3382 km^2 respectively. There are also scattered shallow gas accumulations in the offshore area, typically accompanied by paleo-channels that occur mainly in the middle of the study area. Sand ridges, erosion ditches, scarps, and irregular bedrock features are found mainly in the northeast of the study area in association with each other. In the southeastern part of the study area, the sand ridges have a linear form and trend NW–SE, representing the western part of the linear sand ridges in the East China Sea. The maximum slope gradient is 1?, which suggests that this area is prone to landslides. These hazardous marine geological features are important to marine and engineering activities in this region.

基于BP神经网络的九寨沟地区地震滑坡危险性预测研究

BP神经网络因具有良好的精度和拟合能力,被广泛地运用在区域性滑坡危险性预测中。本文建立了基于BP神经网络的地震滑坡危险性评价模型并应用于四川九寨沟地区,以2017年8月8日的九寨沟MS7.0地震引发的4834个历史滑坡为例,将其随机划分为70%的训练样本集用于九寨沟地区地震滑坡危险性预测,以及30%的验证样本集对预测结果的精度进行评估。选取高程、坡度、坡向、平行发震断层距离、垂直发震断层距离、震中距离、距道路距离、地面峰值加速度(PGA)以及岩性共9个影响因子,分析发震断层对地震滑坡的控制作用,并总结九寨沟地区地震滑坡空间分布规律特征,其中发震断层、岩性和坡度对九寨沟地区地震滑坡分布产生重要影响。利用模型得到九寨沟地震滑坡危险性预测图,结果显示73.19%的滑坡位于极高和高危险区域,与实际地震滑坡分布基本相符。通过30%的验证样本集来绘制预测成功率曲线,结果表明模型预测成功率(AUC值)为0.90,证实了BP神经网络在九寨沟地区地震滑坡危险性预测中具有良好的精度和拟合能力,评价结果为后续地震滑坡灾害预测和防震减灾工作提供了科学的参考。

基于场景聚类的天然气场站泄漏风险区域研究

泄漏风险区域划分可为天然气场站的维护管理和应急疏散提供依据,但当前相关研究多基于发生概率最大或损失最严重的单一泄漏场景。针对以上问题,提出了基于场景聚类分析的输配气场站泄漏风险区域划分方法,并以西部某天然气输配气站为例具体分析研究。通过K means聚类分析筛选出153个代表场景,借助数值模拟得到场站内天然气泄漏扩散后气云浓度分布,最终将场景概率和场站平面图中各网格浓度加权得到泄漏风险区域。与其他风险区域划分相比,提出的方法不仅解决现有单一泄漏场景考虑因素不够全面,普适性差的问题,而且进一步降低了数据冗余度,减少大量工作量和时间。

冲击危险区域多元地球物理指标动态辨识方法及其应用

精准识别冲击危险区域并给出危险程度及其演化规律对冲击地压防治具有重要意义。采用变形局部化与多元地球物理指标空间扫描相结合的方法,探究大能量事件发生区域的微震前兆特征,追踪冲击危险区域的动态演化过程。基于变形局部化原理,利用梯度显著性指标识别变形局部化区域,圈定冲击危险区域;采用滑动窗扫描方法,研究了变形局部化区域内的b、A(b)、S等物理指标空间分布特征,以掘进期间梯度显著性指标识别的微震聚集区域内大能量微震事件对应的b、A(b)、S、△F、A(t)作为划分工作面回采期间冲击危险等级的阈值;利用贝叶斯网络法分析各个物理指标预测危险区域的效能,构建综合预测危险区域模型,计算物理指标权重并得到综合预测指标,并以513工作面进行实例分析。结果表明:地球物理指标可以识别微震聚集信号,判断危险区域,根据513工作面实际监测数据判断出3个微震事件聚集区域;物理指标的空间扫描结果与微震数据的聚集区域具有同步的特征,大能量事件发生时,所在区域的物理指标值高于冲击危险阈值,物理指标空间扫描辨识的危险区域与微震数据聚集区域基本一致;利用综合预测危险区域模型,对工作面回采期间危险区域进行迭代式预测,结果表明:冲击危险事件多发生在综合预测指标所预测的强冲击危险区域内,并随着回采期间微震数据的叠加,强冲击危险区域逐步集中,与冲击危险事件位置的重合度更高。综合预测指标预测效能总体高于单个物理指标,显著增强了精准预测冲击危险区域的能力。

粤港澳大湾区复合灾害承灾体脆弱性评估

由多种自然灾害耦合而成的复合灾害对个别区域的人类健康与城市社会发展有着显著的影响,对其主要承灾体的脆弱性评估便成为防灾减灾工作开展的重要前提.基于对自然灾害形势和脆弱性影响因素的深度学习,以粤港澳大湾区境内地级市以下52个区/县、香港地区、澳门地区为研究对象,从物理脆弱性、人口、经济建设、应对能力4个方面选取地均GDP、耕地面积百分比等13项指标建立评价指标体系,并使用主成分分析法分别评估4个方面的脆弱性,再通过综合评价法得出粤港澳大湾区复合灾害承灾体综合脆弱性评价结果.结果表明:高脆弱性集中在天河区、海珠区等靠近珠江口的位置,其共同特点是物理脆弱性与经济脆弱性较高,城市用地多、道路网发达占主导位置.因此,需要尽快通过气候适应战略来缓解城市化高地区局部变暖导致的复合灾害爆发,研究成果为我国华南沿海地区复杂灾害系统的防治提供重要理论支撑.

干旱区铁路沙害治理典型模式研究

对兰铁局辖区60多年干旱沙区风沙危害铁路治理模式进行总结,为干旱区铁路沙害防治提供技术方案。在灌溉条件下,建立的以乔灌木为主体铁路沙害防护体系,一级沙害区;在无灌溉条件下,建立工程固沙+植物固沙雨养型铁路沙害防护体系,适合年降雨量160 mm以上沙害地区,二级沙害区;在无灌溉条件下,建立工程固沙铁路沙害防护体系,适合年降雨量160 mm以下的沙害地区,三级沙害区;“高立式沙障+格状沙障”适合一级沙害地区;“高立式沙障+积沙沟”适合二级沙害地区、“格状沙障”适合三级沙害地区。

基于GIS的煤矿冲击地压危险区域预测

为了精准预测煤矿冲击地压危险区域,从自然地质、开采技术和防治措施等条件出发,采用层次分析法实现权重计算,应用模糊数学算法进行模糊评判,并基于ArcGIS网格法,将研究区划分为50 m×50 m的网格单元进行网格赋参和空间插值,分别以0.25、0.50、0.75作为冲击危险性临界值,对峻德矿的煤层和工作面进行冲击危险性预测,确定冲击危险区域。结果表明:峻德矿17煤层的无、弱、中等和强冲击危险区分别占32%、52%、15%、1%;工作面分单元概率预测结果为0.48~0.96,其中弱冲击区占34%,中等冲击区占48%,强冲击区占18%。当采掘工作推进至不同网格单元时,可确定工程所处位置的冲击危险性,以提前制订采取冲击防治措施。

基于深度学习的动态危险区域入侵检测方法

为解决天车吊装动态危险区域难识别、位置信息难确定、车间生产环境复杂导致特殊的相机视角所获取的人员目标特征信息不明显,影响漏检误检和标准目标检测模型部署应用难等问题,提出1种基于深度学习的动态危险区域人员入侵检测方法。该方法首先利用双目视觉技术完成重物提升判断及天车吊装动态危险区域检测2项任务,然后利用提出的PDConv轻量化卷积模块和卷积注意力机制模块对YOLOv5基础模型进行改进,并设计开发天车吊装动态危险区域人员入侵检测系统。研究结果表明:利用双目视觉技术可以更精准获取动态危险区域位置信息;改进后的YOLOv5基础模型在保证模型检测精度的同时可降低适当参数量;天车吊装动态危险区域人员入侵检测系统可实现远程管控天车危险区域入侵检测任务,并利用振动报警装置可实时对入侵人员进行提醒管理,该系统在实际测试中的漏检误检率为2%,满足工业生产需求。研究结果可为动态危险区域入侵检测研究提供参考。

浅埋近距离煤层群开采过程中上覆采空区自燃危险区预测研究

为揭示浅埋深近距离煤层群开采过程中地表裂隙发育对上覆采空区遗煤自燃的影响规律及影响范围,以苏家沟煤矿为研究背景,建立采空区流场流动及低温氧化的数学模型和三维几何模型。采用FLUENT模拟软件模拟了下煤层工作面推进过程中上覆采空区的氧气分布情况,得到了浅埋近距离煤层上覆采空区基于裂隙动态发育的氧气场和风流场的分布规律。依据采空区自燃危险区域判定理论,对上部煤层采空区内的自然发火危险区域进行预测。结果表明:连通地表与采空区的裂隙数量随工作面的推进而增加,上覆采空区氧化升温区域主要集中在滞后工作面0~20 m范围内,采空区深部的氧化带分布在新、老裂隙附近,在进风侧靠近地表且在回风侧靠近裂隙底端;当工作面推进120 m,即产生3条贯通型裂缝时,采空区自燃危险性最大,结合风流场云图确定上煤层底板自燃危险区距工作面水平距离为97.5 m,是煤矿开采过程中的重点防护区域。

基于PS-InSAR技术的晋城矿区地表形变监测及地质灾害风险预警

地表形变是一种严重的地质灾害现象,不仅严重影响灾害区居民的日常生活,而且会造成巨大的社会经济危害,尤其在采煤区。针对传统地表沉陷监测方法费时费力、无法获取地表沉降面状信息、难以进行地表沉陷灾害评估的不足,基于高分辨率SAR卫星影像,利用永久散射体合成孔径雷达干涉测量(PS-InSAR)技术对山西省晋城市晋城矿区2018年1月至2018年12月期间地表沉陷进行监测,分析获取了该地区地表连续形变情况,并利用该技术获取的海量PS点建立支持向量机(SVM)地质灾害风险评估预警模型,对晋城矿区周边居民点地质灾害风险进行了识别和预测。结果表明:晋城矿区10个煤矿及其周边区域存在较大的地表形变;晋城矿区平均LOS向年平均地表形变速率范围为-37~30.3 mm/a;PS-InSAR技术在晋城矿区地表形变监测中具有可行性,且可以实现矿区地质灾害风险综合识别和预警。

澜沧江流域某水电站危险区域识别及溃决过程模拟

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