Application of HEMS cooling technology in deep mine heat hazard control

This paper mainly deals with the present situation, characteristics, and countermeasures of cooling in deep mines.Given existing problems in coal mines, a HEMS cooling technology is proposed and has been successfully applied in some mines.Because of long-term exploitation, shallow buried coal seams have become exhausted and most coal mines have had to exploit deep buried coal seams.With the increase in mining depth, the temperature of the surrounding rock also increases, resulting in ever increasing risks of heat hazard during mining operations.At present, coal mines in China can be divided into three groups, i.e., normal temperature mines, middle-to-high temperature mines and high temperature mines, based on our investigation into high temperature coal mines in four provinces and on in-situ studies of several typical mines.The principle of HEMS is to extract cold energy from mine water inrush.Based on the characteristics of strata temperature field and on differences in the amounts of mine water inrush in the Xuzhou mining area, we proposed three models for controlling heat hazard in deep mines:1) the Jiahe model with a moderate source of cold energy;2) the Sanhejian model with a shortage of source of cold energy and a geothermal anomaly and 3) the Zhangshuanglou model with plenty of source of cold energy.The cooling process of HEMS applied in deep coal mine are as follows:1) extract cold energy from mine water inrush to cool working faces;2) use the heat extracted by HEMS to supply heat to buildings and bath water to replace the use of a boiler, a useful energy saving and environmental protection measure.HEMS has been applied in the Jiahe and Sanhejian coal mines in Xuzhou, which enabled the temperature and humidity at the working faces to be well controlled.

Hazard Control of NO_x in Hot Stove

Hazard control of NOx is very important for the long life of hot stove shell and environmental protection. NOx concentrations during different operation periods of hot stove were calculated according to thermodynamical and dynamical analyses. The results were verified by the previously measured data. Then, the influence of hot stove oper- ation parameters on NOx concentration and the mechanism of liquid water formation in hot stove were studied. The results indicated that in gas period, the dome temperature should be controlled below 1420 ℃ in order to decrease NO~ emission. In the case of banking operation, NOx concentration was about 40--60 times higher than that in gas period. Hence, reasonable measures should be taken to reduce banking operation, especially in the situation of large excess air ratio. Since NOx formed during the whole operation process, the most effective way of preventing liquid water and HNO3 generation is to control the pipe and shell temperature, which should be higher than the condensa- tion temperature of water vapour. The condensation temperature should be considered as the design temperature of pipe and shell for hot stove.

GEOLOGICAL HAZARD CONTROL IN CHINA

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The Main Biological Hazards in Animal Biosafety Level 2 Facilities and Strategies for Control

Concern about the biological hazards involved in microbiological research, especially research involving laboratory animals, has increased in recent years. Working in an animal biosafety level 2 facility （ABSL-2）, commonly used for research on infectious diseases, poses various biological hazards. Here, the regulations and standards related to laboratory biosafety in China are introduced, the potential biological hazards present in ABSL-2 facilities are analyzed, and a series of strategies to control the hazards are presented.

GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS AND THEIRS CONTROL

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Nested case-control analysis with general additive-multiplicative hazard models

This paper discusses the nested case-control analysis under a class of general additive-multiplicative hazard models which includes the Cox model and the additive hazard model as special cases.A pseudo-score is constructed to estimate the regression parameters.The resulting estimator is shown to be consistent and asymptotically normally distributed.The limiting variance-covariance matrix can be consistently estimated by the nested case-control data.A simulation study is conducted to assess the finite sample performance of the proposed estimator and a real example is provided for illustration.

Principles and technology for stepwise utilization of resources for mitigating deep mine heat hazards

As is well known, deep mines are hot. As mining depth increases, the temperature of the surrounding rock also increases. This seriously affects mine safety and production and has restricted the exploitation of deep coal resources. Therefore, reducing the working face temperature to improve working conditions by controlling these heat hazards is an urgent problem. Considering problems in cooling deep mines both domestically and abroad along with the actual conditions of the Zhangshuanglou coal mine, we propose a HEMS technology that uses heat resources from deep mines in a stepwise manner. HEMS means a high temperature ex-change machinery system. Mine inrush-water is used as a source of cooling. Twice the energy is extracted from the mine inrush water. Heat is used for building heating in the winter and cold water is used for cooling buildings in the summer. This opens a new technology for stepwise utilization of heat energy in deep mines. Energy conservation and reduced pollution, an improved environment and sustainable economic development are realized by this technique. The economic and social effects are obvious and illustrate a good prospect for the application and extension of the method.

Analysis on Current Situation,Formation Causes and Control Countermeasures of Acid Rain Pollution in China

Environmental problem is one of three major issues of common concern in the world today.Being a developing socialist country,the environmental problems in china are even more prominent,mainly in population expansion,sharp decrease of global forest areas,soil erosion,acid rain pollution,water pollution and so on.This essay is to introduce the present status,formation causes and hazardous condition of acid rain pollution in china.Some feasible and effective control measures are put forward according to the actual situation in China.

Management of Biohazards and Pandemics: COVID-19 and Its Implications in the Construction Sector

This paper investigates the impact of biohazards and pandemics on construction workers’ health and well-being. A proper selection of control methods for biohazards and pandemics like COVID-19 pandemic will result in improved public health conditions. Occupational risks in the construction industry are also examined, with a focus on biohazards and pandemics, their containment, and the implications for health and safety. A safer work environment in the construction industry is encouraged. In this study, some statistical methods were used to analyse the data obtained from sampled questionnaire. According to the findings, fewer people in poor developing countries get routine check-ups compared to developed countries. The construction industries studied have little or no insurance plans for staff. It also demonstrates that personal protective equipment (PPE) such as nasal masks, helmets, hand gloves, and work aprons can assist in the control of biohazards in the construction sector, such as asthma, cancer, and asbestosis. There should be safety awareness programmes, conferences, and seminars, as well as first-aid kits and HSE and qualified health workers on all building sites. In addition, the government should examine the site for the usage of PPEs and verify that records of family/personal medical history are maintained.

Sand harm in Taklimakan Desert highway and sand control

Re puted as a wonderful achievement of the world's highway construction h istory, the Taklimakan Desert highway is now facing serious sand drift encroachment problems due to its 447-km-long passage of sand sea consist ing of crescent dunes, barchan chains, compound transverse dune ridges and co mplex megadunes. To solve some technical problems in the protection of the highway from sand drift encroachment, desert experts have been conductin g the theoretical and applied studies on sand movement laws; causes, severities and time-space differentiation of sand drift damages; and control ways in cluding mechanical, chemical and biological measures. In this paper the authors give an overall summary on the research contents and recent progress i n the control of sand drift damages in China and hold that the theoretica l research results and practices in the prevention of sand drift encr oachment on the cross-desert highway represent a breakthrough and has an epoch-making significance. Since the construction of protective forest along the cross-desert highway requires large amount of ground water, what will be its environmental consequence and whether it can effectiv ely halt sand drift encroachment on the highway forever are the questions to be studied urgently.

Landslide Hazard and Risk Assessment on the Northern Slope of Mt. Changbai, China

Landslide hazard and risk assessment on the northern slope of Mt. Changbai, a well-known tourist attraction near the North Korean-Chinese border, are assessed. This study is divided into two parts, namely, landslide hazard zonation and risk assessment. The 1992 Anbalagan and Singh method of landslide hazard zonation （LHZ） was modified and used in this area. In this way, an Associative Analysis Method was used in representative areas to get a measure for controlling factors （slope gradient, relative relief, vegetation, geology, discontinuity development, weak layer thickness and ground water）. For the membership degree of factor to slope failure, the middle range of limited values was used to calculate LHZ. Based on an estimation of the potential damage from slope failure, a reasonable risk assessment map was obtained using the relationship of potential damage and probable hazard to aid future planning and prediction and to avert loss of life.

The Principle of Mathematical Induction Applied to the Generalized Model for the Economic Design of X-Control Charts

Rahim and Banerjee [1] developed a general model for the optimal design of x-control charts. The model minimizes the expected cost per unit time. The heart of the model is a theorem that derives the expected total cost and the expected cycle length. In this paper an alternative simple proof for the theorem is provided based on mathematical induction.

西部矿区采动损害及减损开采的地质保障技术框架体系

【目的】煤炭在我国的主体能源地位短期内难以发生改变,是我国能源发展的兜底保障。煤炭资源大规模、高强度的开采损害煤矿区地质环境,同时导致突水、冲击地压等灾害。【方法】围绕煤矿安全高效开采面临的地质环境损害预测预警难和减损开采保障压力大等难题,基于煤炭采动损害预测与减损地质保障多学科交叉特点,突出地质条件的控灾机理和采动致灾模式,强调煤炭开采模式与地质结构演化全时空多场响应,分析采动效应下地质条件物质场、能量场、信息场的耦合机制,厘清损害模式和预警信息关键参量的映射关系,形成安全高效开采的地质保障策略和减损控灾工程技术体系。【结果和结论】研究思路为“孕灾环境→损害机制→过程响应→损害预测→防灾减损”,技术路线是“煤矿开采地质环境条件→地质结构演化规律及损害模式→多物理场演化全时空信息响应→损害监测及预测预警→减损保障工程技术”。核心内容包括:(1)剖析地质条件与致灾地质体的空间关系和成因联系,构建高精度的三维地质力学模型,阐明地质结构、开采条件和损害模式的映射关系,建立主控要素的特征参量数据库;(2)构建采动效应下的工程地质力学模型,研究开采方式、空间布局、采动速率等影响下地质条件结构的时空演化特征和损害机制,提出考虑地质体关键结构破坏演化规律的损害模式判识方法;(3)获取采动过程地质结构演化背景下的全时空多源信息响应,提出主控参量作用下的损害模式识别标准,进而厘清裂隙场、应力场、渗流场与地球物理场信息参量的镜像关系,建立基于地质条件物质场、能量场和信息场耦合响应的全时空信息映射模型;(4)构建地面-钻孔-井下的全空间、多方位、主被动的一体化多源监测体系,提出煤矿采动损害预测模型和预报方法;(5)构建基于损害源、损害模式、损害动力、损害通道剖析以及减损技术与效果评价于一体的减损控灾体系,追求煤炭安全开采与地质环境保护协调发展,破解资源开发与地质环境制约之间的矛盾,为煤矿安全高效开采和防灾减损提供地质、力学、物理基础的科学依据。

级配与拦挡位置对滑坡碎屑流运动影响研究

为了研究不同级配的高位滑坡碎屑流经多级偏转后冲击不同拦挡结构的运动特性以及致灾效应,结合自然地形构建固定坡度和偏转角度均为45°的离散元模型,并利用DEM软件进行数值模拟分析不同拦挡工况和不同级配对碎屑流颗粒运动过程中能量耗散、最终堆积形态,以及碎屑流冲击挡板的作用高度的影响,进而建立相关冲击力学模型。研究结果显示:(1)上下均设置挡板的工况能有效减缓碎屑流颗粒的平均动能和势能,且能有效降低颗粒流翻越挡板的数量,并降低颗粒流的最大运动距离从而减小致灾范围;随着颗粒组级配的增大,势能时程曲线分散点出现的时间越晚,颗粒流最终堆积面积中细颗粒组最大,粗颗粒组最小。(2)当滑槽底部反作用力位置取2/3静止堆积体长度时,计算所得碎屑流最大冲击作用高度与模拟试验结果相接近,力学模型计算的冲击作用高度在0.017~0.138 m。在实际工程中,可按研究相似比对此范围进行加强抗冲击防护。(3)由于侧板的切向力和“颗粒分选效应”,大颗粒会主要冲击挡板的中上部,小颗粒主要冲击挡板的下部,并受偏转角影响集中在一侧,因此工程设计可根据实际情况避免在沟道偏转方向的反向建设工程。研究结果可为高位滑坡碎屑流灾害的治理防护提供参考。

高校实验室危险源辨识与管控

随着高等教育的不断发展,高校实验室在教学和科研中的地位日益凸显。然而,实验室中存在的各种危险源也给师生的安全带来了潜在的威胁。因此,对实验室危险源进行辨识与管控研究至关重要。文章旨在探讨高校实验室危险源的辨识方法与管控策略,通过分析高校实验室常见的危险源类型和特点,提出有效的管控措施,为保障实验室安全提供理论支持和实践指导。

基于HACCP的6S管理在精神病专科医院保洁管理中的应用

目的探讨危害分析及关键控制点(HACCP)联合6S管理法在精神病专科医院保洁管理中的应用效果。方法采用方便抽样方法,于2023年3月-6月,选取山东省某三级甲等精神病专科医院的30名病区保洁人员作为研究对象,采用基于HACCP的6S管理进行干预,并进行自身前后对照比较分析。结果基于HACCP的6S管理的实施,使保洁人员的医院感染基础知识、个人防护与职业暴露知晓率有所提升(P均<0.05),明显改善了保洁人员的手卫生正确性和依从性(P均<0.05),环境清洁消毒情况得到改善(P均<0.05),住院患者护理满意度和护理人员对保洁人员的满意度均得到提升。结论通过6S管理的标准化模式识别危险因素,将关键环节的评估、预防和控制工作融入保洁管理中,并进行同质化干预,能够提高保洁管理水平,对提升医患双方满意度有一定促进作用。

数字赋能助力安全——浅析研究型高校实验室危险化学品数智化管控

化学品是研究型高校实验室广泛应用并须一定储备的物品,其特殊的危害性对人类健康和生态环境构成潜在威胁[1],一旦发生事故,极易造成人员伤亡。基于风险控制和安全考虑,如何采取有效措施,以更加可控、科学的方式来规范实验室化学品管理,是高校实验室安全管理的重点[2]。本文以某工科院系在管制类化学品规范管理方面的一些探索,提供一些建议和参考。

采场全生命周期的矿压危害事件知识图谱表示方法研究

知识图谱是认知智能研究不可或缺的组成部分。针对采场矿压危害事件传统分析方法对煤矿开采过程中应力时空演化过程及隐患演化与风险防控关系等表达存在不足的问题,本文基于采场全生命周期提出一种采场矿压危害事件知识图谱表示方法:首先,从地质灾害的角度,分析采场应力及分布的动态特性,对矿压地质灾害中的各节点进行动态关联,提出顾及时空过程的采场矿压地质灾害知识图谱表示方法。其次,从事故的角度,分析采场矿压事故隐患演化与风险防控过程,将隐患耦合演化与防治措施融入知识图谱表示模型中。最后,运用Neo4j构建矿压危害事件知识图谱。结果表明:依据该表示方法构建的知识图谱,不仅刻画了灾害事件中不同对象的时空演化过程,还描述了隐患耦合演化过程以及对应的风险防控措施,为采场矿压危害的防治提供了智能研究途径。

屯宝煤矿井下爆破作业有毒有害气体管控方法研究

针对煤矿井下爆破作业有毒有害气体管控难的问题,以屯宝煤矿绞车硐室及瓦斯抽放硐室施工为工程背景,通过利用矿井瓦斯抽放系统、配合设置隔离和搭建气室等措施调整优化施工工艺,采用全新的技术方法,使爆破作业期间气体管控良好,在满足国家规定的基础上,有效对有毒有害气体进行管控,同时极大减少了作业时间,保障了施工安全,增加了工作效率,施工期间未发生气体超限和伤人事故,安全高效解决了炮烟问题,证明该方法安全有效。

积石山Ms6.2级和泸定Ms6.8级地震地质灾害发育规律对比

2023年积石山Ms6.2级地震是继2022年泸定Ms6.8级地震后在青藏高原东缘—东北缘地区发生的又一次强震事件。2次地震均诱发大量地震地质灾害,但由于发震断层类型、地质和地貌等条件的差异,2次地震地质灾害发育分布规律呈现显著的差异性。为揭示不同震区地震地质灾害发育规律,本研究采用地面调查、遥感解译和空间叠加统计等方法,对比分析了积石山和泸定地震地质灾害发育分布特征和控灾因子。结果表明:断层类型控制了同震地质灾害的发育优势坡向和垂向空间展布,即“背向坡效应”和“上下盘效应”;地貌条件是影响同震地质空间分布的主要因子,即川西高山峡谷地貌中“线状”分布和陇西黄土地貌中“面状”分布;特殊土体类型、气候、植被覆盖等差异性是同震地质灾害调查与应急处置中需要重点关注的因子。本次研究可为不同断层类型和不同地貌区同震地质灾害重点防范区范围划定、趋势预测和灾后重建提供科学参考。