The influence of the study of Confucianism and Taoism on the connotation of Shen in Nei Jing

This article analyzes the connotation of Shen in Confucianism and Taoism and Shen in Nei Jing by using the method of literature review,and it raises:the two are closely related.First of all,on the basis of the meaning of"god"before the pre-Qin period,the study of Confucianism and Taoism enriches the connotation of Shen,it extracts many implications,such as"magic","unpredictable","mental spirits","Xin Shen","intelligence","laws"etc.,endowing Shen with philosophy meanings.Secondly,Nei Jing introduces Shen with philosophy meanings into the field of Chinese medicine to explain phenomena related to life,at the same time,it confirms the reality of Shen and constructs a complete Shen theory system.

The ＂Minister of Production in the Collectivist State＂ as a Third Way of the Market： China Between Ethics and Growth

This paper proposes a comparison between the Chinese social-economic system of today and the economic planning system theorized by Enrico Barone in 1908, which described in his famous paper ＂The minister of production in the collectivist state＂. The work stems from a critical reflection on the premises of the capitalist market system. From Adam Smith to J. M. Keynes （included）, economists have identified in traditional capitalist models （search for maximum profit, economic efficiency, free competition system） the best economic system, universally implementable, feasible and infallible in democratic capitalist contexts. In the history of economic ideas have always been clear gap between the ＂capitalist system＂ and the ＂collectivist system＂. The choice of a government had to fall back on one or on the other system. The first considered ＂good＂, the second considered ＂bad＂ for economic growth. Times since September 11, 2001, however, seem to have debunked the myth of capitalism as the only model of democratic growth： Asia and China have given the world a lesson in humility. China has shown that although not being a democratic country could developed a robust and highly competitive economic model that has weakened the pillars of the western capitalism. China through Confucianism and Taoism has been able to establish the new global economic laws： low labour costs, low prices, mass production of low quality with a mixed mercantilist philosophy which is unknown to the Western world： the silent, smooth, radical trade expansion. As in a game of dominoes, China has been able to drop the capitalism safeties and America had to bow its head and agree to no longer be the only great power in the international scenario. But the peculiarity of this work is not only to define the root causes of China＇s success in the West; also reflects the fact that an Italian economist （Enrico Barone）, in 1908, predicted analytically and developed a theoretical system very similar to that of China nowadays, between capitalism and collectivism （a third way of the market）. The Asian culture has developed a market system that has proven to be accommodating to the needs of the capitalist market and to grasp the development opportunities that the same Western capitalism has offered.

Ecotourism and environmental ethics: Based on Chinese Confucianism and Taoism philosophy

Based on traditional Chinese philosophy, we study the modern eco-tourism and environmental ethics and its implications. Firstly, the eco-tourism and environmental ethics were defi ned; Secondly, the Chinese philosophy of Confucianism and Taoism related to the concept of eco-tourism and environmental ethics were reviewed; Finally, we provide implications to the practitioners and experts of environment in China.

The influence of Confucian and Taoist culture on prescription principles

Confucianism and Taoism,as the main body of traditional Chinese culture,has a great influence on the structure and the application of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).This paper elucidates the influences of Confucian and Taoist culture on the theories and formulating rules of prescription in TCM,such as the principles of"Wu Zang Wu Wei Bu Xie",prescription laws of"Jun Chen Zuo Shi",principle of"Yong Yao Fa Xiang",the principle of"Liu Qi Sheng Fu"etc.from the view of Zhong He,Chong Li and Xiang Thought in Confucianism,and Qi Ontology,thought of Dao Fa Zi Ran and Following Time in Taoism.Qi Ontology belongs to the ontology and hylogenesis,Xiang Thought belongs to epistemology;Zhong He is the aim state of drug using ultimately;Chong Li,Following Time and Dao Fa Zi Ran,they are all the necessary laws for the right use of drugs.It embodies that TCM have its own unique theoretical system and rigorous laws in it,and lays the foundation for the subsequent researches on the theory and rules of prescriptions.

On the Communication of Chinese Discourse Act from the Moral Perspective

Chinese discourse and Chinese dissemination are two main propositions of discourse act.Discourse is the tool for dissemination and the essence of culture.Confucianism,Taoism and Mohism show the typical morality of the dissemination of the Chinese language.Discourse morality implies the competition of the civilization model among different people,nations and countries.Discourse civilization embodies the competition of national interests and ideology.The rapid development of new media brings China the new opportunity to break the monopoly of the Western countries and strive for international discourse power.Moreover,it expands the competition between the Eastern and the Western ideologies.Constructing the Chinese discourse system and improving the influence of its dissemination shall be based on the morality of the dissemination of the discourse act.

Present re-recognition of the significance of the aesthetic value of the traditional literati paintings

The literati paintings are a special art nourished by the philosophy, religion, poetry and calligraphy and many other cultural forms in ancient China, which can be regarded as the oriental comprehensive symphony. In terms of the depth of the art, it is the tower accumulated by various Chinese cultures, rich solid. It contains the ＂morality＂, ＂elegant banter＂, ＂super shape＂, and ＂fun＂ of the literati, which can be regarded as the representative of the high difficulty and deep degree of the Chinese traditional arts, and it is the spirit of the Chinese national paintings.

丝绸之路上回鹘人的中华文化观

大量考古材料显示,回鹘人西迁后,除了继续信仰摩尼教外,从公元10世纪开始,深受吐鲁番本土汉人儒释道文化的影响,积极且广泛研习中华文化,同时也受美索不达米亚东方教会影响传播基督教文化。文章从回鹘人的“儒释道耶”信仰四个方面梳理分析了丝绸之路上的回鹘文化特点及其与中华文化的密切关系,回鹘文化体现了浓厚的中华情结。可以尝试用“东融西鉴”来概括回鹘文化,即向东融会贯通,向西交流互鉴,由此促成回鹘文化的中华文化属性和标识。

《李君莫高窟佛龛碑并序》首段文字反映的初唐时期“三教融会”思潮蠡探

文章以《李君莫高窟佛龛碑并序》首段文字为研究对象,通过与初唐时期佛儒道三教论衡相关的佛教文献之间的比较、辑考,探讨了初唐时期佛儒道“三教融会”思想及其对敦煌的影响。文中还对碑文部份缺字进行了辑补。

从思想到制度:郑玄知识体系建构的三重维度

作为一代通儒,郑玄创建“郑氏家法”,又遍注群经,一个人开启了属于自己的经学盛世。郑玄以道家思想注《易》,使汉代学术打破门户之见走向融合,也开启了魏晋玄学义理阐释的先声。郑玄注经兼收并蓄,并以己意融合今古文经,董理旧章,希冀重建儒家的思想体系乃至政治秩序。郑玄构建的以阴阳五行为核心的世界图式,以礼学为根底的思想秩序不断扩展开来,形成了一种新的自洽的知识体系,而这种知识体系不乏谶纬学说的融入,从而形成了经纬混合的完善理论,体现了东汉时代的经学特点。郑玄注经,不仅从学理上达到了自洽,既融汇了儒道、今古文经的经说,又完成了自身经学理论的质的飞跃,使经学呈现了一统的局面。

苏轼诗中的“人”意象及其文化意蕴

通览苏诗,可以发现“人”意象成为苏诗一个蔚为大观、具有独特艺术品质的意象集群。这些“人”意象根据组群的不同大体可分为“有人”和“无人”意象,仙人、道人、佛人意象,以及古人与今人、舟人与游人等其他意象,苏诗中的大量“人”意象集群的出现既有对前人意象的承继,也与其儒释道交融的思想密切相关,是其哲学思辨下美学意蕴的生动体现,融哲思与诗意于一体。

儒道之间:庄子的学派归属问题刍议

在中国哲学史上,庄子是唯一一个既被视为道家,又被看作儒家的命世大哲。作为道家的庄子出于西汉学者的建构,作为儒家的庄子源自郭象一系儒家学者的建构。尽管这两种思想史建构均非先秦之旧,却都言之成理,并能在《庄子》中找到一些文本证据。庄子之所以既可以是道家,又可以是儒家,根源在于其思想渊源的丰富性、思想形态的开放性、语言表达的自由性、文本衍变的复杂性,这些特征使得庄学呈现出一副“浑沌”样态,具备极强的可塑性。对于“无家可归”的庄子哲学而言,道家与儒家在凸显其某种特质的同时,也在遮蔽乃至破坏着庄学自身的纯粹性与开放性。在此意义上,居于“儒道之间”的庄子哲学的独特性更值得珍视。

论中国传统文化中的生命哲学对当代生命教育的价值引领及实现

中国传统文化中蕴含着众多深邃的生命智慧。从伦理学的角度,儒家重视生命,认为生死由命,注重人生命的社会价值;道家从“道”的视角认识生命,认为生死自然,重其“生”之个体价值;墨家则从科学理性的角度看待生命,反对“宿命论”,提倡“非命观”。这些思想对当代生命教育具有一定的借鉴意义,有助于学生更加关爱生命、珍惜生命,树立积极健康的生命观。

李泽厚“西体中用”原则下中西融汇之美学建构——以《美学四讲》为中心

迄今为止,对李泽厚的美学思想的阐释存在两种偏差。一种观点以国内学者为主,过于强调李泽厚美学理论对马克思主义的发展、对西方美学的借鉴,忽视了对中国美学传统思想的汲取。而另一种观点多见于国外,重视李泽厚美学思想对儒家思想的吸收,却忽略了其思想中蕴含的道家渊源。以《美学四讲》为中心,可以发现李泽厚美学理论中西方思想和儒道精神互补融汇的特征,其美学理论遵循甚至超越了“西体中用”的原则,在借鉴西方思想、研究路径的基础上,结合中国的儒道文化,走出了一条具有中国特色的理论构建之路。这种基于民族文化自信和开放包容的心态,以跨文化视域创造性地利用本土文化资源,创立自己学说的实践为今天国内的美学发展指明前行的方向。

闻知与体认:论杨慎融通道释的生命智慧

生命智慧植根于中华传统儒道释文化思想,展现了主体在时间与空间中安身立命的多元路径。嘉靖三年(1524),杨慎因卷入“大礼议”事件被永久流放云南永昌,其治学理念与处世价值从对儒学的拥趸转向对道释的融通。他以道释思想重构学术生命理路与身心内在平衡,从闻知与体认两个维度构建支点,实现学问的自洽与精神的自适。在闻知上,他通过老庄思想重塑生命存在观,并援引道释二家对理学与心学进行批评与修正。在体认上,他聚焦道家养性护命思想的诠释,通过任诞行为解构礼教,并对佛教展开具身的再认识,完成了生命境界的超越。同时,杨慎将道释思想融入文学书写,尝试通过文学实践调和儒道释精神结构以达至更加圆融的生命智慧。

“雅颂之音”与“讽谕之鸣”:论礼乐复兴视域下的宋初文学

宋初文坛纷繁复杂,不仅呈现出南北对峙、难以融合的紧张局面,还产生了时文与古文的创作分歧。而于此之外,士人群体内又共同含纳着一股颂美君王功业、宣扬帝国政治的风气。尽管从传统文艺审美的角度看,这种风气催生的文学作品多属程式化的礼仪书写,但若将之置于宋初礼乐复兴视域下进行更深层次解读,则于某些赋颂中可观觇士大夫政治主体意识的觉醒迹象,且雅颂主旋律中讽喻之声的鸣起,又宣示了宋初文人对唐人风雅观的进一步开拓。这些被程式化书写遮蔽的内容,实质是政治与文学的合奏交响,二者间表里经纬的错综关系及由此生成的强力互动,正体现出此间特殊的文学生态。

论圣贤精神在古琴文化艺术中的根脉性作用

古琴文化艺术根植于以儒、释、道为核心的中国传统文化,由中华优秀传统文化凝结而成的圣贤精神为古琴文化艺术注入了人文情怀、赋予了思想理念、提供了精神指引。反过来,古琴文化艺术又演绎诠释着圣贤精神,将圣贤的自然观、宇宙观、社会观、人生观、伦理观、审美观以琴曲予以呈现,使古琴艺术与圣贤精神相辅相成、交相辉映。古琴文化艺术,随圣贤精神的根系伸展而生长,是圣贤精神孕育出的艺术之花。

侈谈鬼神与神道设教——明遗民文学家徐芳的神道观之刍议

明清时代儒释道三教进一步融合,这种文化现象同样见于众位明遗民士人的笔下。明遗民文学创作成就较高者如江西南城籍遗民徐芳,其小说集《诺皋广志》《藏山稿外编》即为融摄儒释道三教文化的典型例证,笔者即以神道观概而论之。其神道观以道教万物有灵、鬼神信仰为基础,杂糅佛教因果轮回之说,以宣扬伦理道德为旨归。徐芳在这些怪力乱神故事中秉承了《周易》“神道设教”的儒家精神。

刘完素儒道援医阐释火热论之路径初探

中医经典蕴含着大量的儒家和道家的思想,儒道援医对阐释中医经典有非常重要的价值。本文以刘完素阐释《素问》并创立火热论为例,探讨儒道援医阐释中医经典的路径。结果表明,取象比类、格物阐释是火热论形成的基石,五行形成之象是阐释六气化火的基础;儒道合流援医,“上善若水,下愚如火”是刘完素阐释五志化火的基本原理。由于格物只是对事物一般性的认识,儒家和道家认识事物的方法援引到医学领域还不一定就是真知,刘完素最终结合临床,参验考实以证实火热论。

尊严死的幸福指向

尊严死是尊重临终主体对生命的自主选择权,不采取无意义的创伤性医疗手段,减轻临终主体的病痛程度,保留其生命尊严。让临终主体的生命无外在干预的情况下自然消逝。在这种语境下的死亡过程,能够从功利主义的苦乐原理、效果论、功利原则三个维度获得道德诠释,有着明显的幸福指向。既指向临终主体的主观幸福,又回应了临终主体利益相关者所面临的道德难题,指明了在临终状态时死亡与幸福的可匹配性。并与中华传统文化价值观相契合,有着其“应该”性和正当性。对促进尊严死合法化,健全和完善我国民生伦理体系具有积极意义。

中华传统勇德思想探源——基于儒道释三家勇论的分析

作为一项传统美德,勇德是人之不惧且积极的生命力量,是一种向善与为善的道德科目,正是这种德性内涵才使其超越时空而备受古今中外推崇。中华传统文化蕴含着丰富的勇德思想,主要散见于儒道释三家的典籍之中,它们关于勇德内涵及弘扬之道的论述对当下国民道德人格培养与社会道德建设具有启示意义。从内涵上看,儒家强调“道义之勇”,赋予勇德以道德德性,将其限定在知与仁的道德阈限内,认为勇德只有发乎仁、合乎知、导于义、成于礼,才能祛其劣性、扬其德性;道家主张“无为无待之勇”,赋予勇德一种顺应自然、遵循本性的自然德性,呈现出向往自由、追求独立、不断超越的行为特征;释家呼吁“放下之勇”,赋予勇德以坚韧、静修、劝善的精神德性,提倡一种放下执念、清心静修、普度众生的出世精神。从弘扬上看,儒家遵循的是由内而外的发现逻辑,而道家与释家遵循的是由外而内的生成逻辑。