Exploring Nutritional Compositions,Volatile Compounds,Health Benefits,Emerging Processing Technologies,and Potential Food Products of Glutinous Rice:A Review

Glutinous rice(Oryza sativa var.glutinosa)stands out as one of the most popular rice varieties globally,amidst thousands of rice cultivars.Its increasing popularity is attributed to its rich nutritional compositions and health benefits.This review aims to summarize the nutritional compositions,volatile compounds,and health benefits of glutinous rice.Further,in-depth studies are necessary to explore the utilization of glutinous rice in enhancing processing technologies and developing new food products.Glutinous rice has been shown to possess numerous health benefits,including antioxidant activity,bioactive compounds,anti-cancer properties,anti-inflammatory effects,anti-diabetic potential,and cholesterol-lowering effects.Besides its nutritional compositions,the major volatile compounds identified in glutinous rice could serve as a functional food for human consumption.Emerging processing technologies related to glutinous rice are elaborated to improve the latest developments for incorporating them into various food products.

Consumer Perceptions of Noni Juice Health Benefits during a 90-Day In-Home Use Test

Noni juice, made from the fruit of Morinda citrifolia, is a health-promoting food from the Pacific Islands with an extensive history of traditional use. Human clinical trials have revealed that noni juice has antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Previously, regular noni juice consumers in Europe and traditional healers in Fiji were surveyed to identify potential noni juice health benefits. But to better understand the perception of its health benefits among those with no previous experience with noni juice, an in-home study was conducted in the United States. Three hundred and nineteen adults with untreated chronic health conditions were provided with a 90-day supply of a blinded (unlabeled) commercial noni juice product (Tahitian Noni® Juice), instructed to consume 4 fluid ounces (1/2 cup) each day, and responded to a questionnaire given on days 30, 60 and 90 to evaluate product appeal and perceived effectiveness. A total of 299 people (94%) felt that their health improved in some way after drinking TNJ for 90 days. More than 80% of the subjects reported feeling better or healthier in general. Most participants also concurred with more than two dozen additional positive health perception statements, especially on days 60 and 90. More than 70% of consumers also indicated that noni juice helped them feel better than other wellness supplements they had tried in the past, including other so-called “super fruit” products. These findings seem to corroborate the results of clinical trials and previous consumer surveys regarding the potential for noni juice to provide discernable health benefits when used consistently over time. Such findings may help guide additional placebo-controlled clinical trials in which specific effects may be evaluated more rigorously.

Mini-review on edible mushrooms as source of dietary fiber:Preparation and health benefits

Dietary fiber and high-fiber food products have attracted great attention because of their significant health benefits to consumers.Mushrooms are valuable resources for food,medicine and nutraceuticals.Edible mushroom is considered as a novel source of dietary fiber.The dietary fiber content and composition in edible mushroom vary greatly with its morphological stages including fruit body,mycelium and sclerotium.The focus of this mini-review is on the preparation of dietary fiber from edible mushroom with emphasis on the sclerotium which has the highest level of non-starch polysaccharides.The possible health benefits of mushroom dietary fiber in relationship with boosting the immune system,anticancer functions as well as the control of blood lipids and glucose levels are also discussed.©2013 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.

Protective effects of physical activity against health risks associated with type 1 diabetes: “Health benefits outweigh the risks”

The magnitude of diabetes mellitus(DM)has increased in recent decades,where the number of cases and the proportion of the disease have been gradually increasing over the past few decades.The chronic complications of DM affect many organ systems and account for the majority of morbidity and mortality associated with the disease.The prevalence of type 1 DM(T1DM)is increasing globally,and it has a very significant burden on countries and at an individual level.T1DM is a chronic illness that requires ongoing medical care and patient self-management to prevent complications.This study aims to discuss the health benefits of physical activity(PA)in T1DM patients.The present review article was performed following a comprehensive literature search.The search was conducted using the following electronic databases:“Cochrane Library”,Web of Science,PubMed,HINARI,EMBASE,Google for grey literature,Scopus,African journals Online,and Google Scholar for articles published up to June 21,2021.The present review focused on the effects of PA on many outcomes such as blood glucose(BG)control,physical fitness,endothelial function,insulin sensitivity,well-being,the body defense system,blood lipid profile,insulin resistance,cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),insulin requirements,blood pressure(BP),and mortality.It was found that many studies recommended the use of PA for the effective management of T1DM.PA is a component of comprehensive lifestyle modifications,which is a significant approach for the management of T1DM.It provides several health benefits,such as improving BG control,physical fitness,endothelial function,insulin sensitivity,well-being,and the body defense system.Besides this,it reduces the blood lipid profile,insulin resistance,CVDs,insulin requirements,BP,and mortality.Overall,PA has significant and essential protective effects against the health risks associated with T1DM.Even though PA has several health benefits for patients with T1DM,these patients are not well engaged in PA due to barriers such as a fear of exercise-induced hypoglycemia in particular.However,several effective strategies have been identified to control exercise-induced hypoglycemia in these patients.Finally,the present review concludes that PA should be recommended for the management of patients with T1DM due to its significant health benefits and protective effects against associated health risks. Italso provides suggestions for the future direction of research in this field.

Application of the AERMOD Model to Evaluate the Health Benefits Due to Air Pollution from the Public Transport Sector in Ha Noi, Viet Nam

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mainly originates from combustion emissions on-road transportation. Exposure to PM2.5 could be considered one of the primary causes of diseases such as heart attack, stroke, lung cancer, and chronic respiratory, which made it one of the most important co-benefits when evaluating the impact of GHG mitigation measures. This study quantifies the co-benefit of Ha Noi’s modal shift from private to public means of transport, which are reduced air pollution and extended life expectancy, combining AERMOD model and benefit transfer method. Analytical results show that shifting from motorbike to electric train could be the most beneficial option in term of health co-benefit, compared to the usage of standard buses and BRTs.

Research advances in bioactive components and health benefits of jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)fruit

Jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.),a highly nutritious and functional fruit,is reported to have various health benefits and has been extensively planted worldwide,especially in China.Many studies have shown that bioactive components derived from jujube fruit have significant nutritional and potential biological effects.In this paper,the latest progress in research on major bioactive compounds obtained from jujube is reviewed,and the potential biological functions of jujube fruit resources are discussed.As a dietary supplement,jujube fruit is well recognized as a healthy food which contains a variety of bioactive substances,such as polysaccharides,polyphenols,amino acids,nucleotides,fatty acids,dietary fiber,alkaloids,and other nutrients.These nutrients and non-nutritive phytochemicals obtained from jujube fruit have physiological functions including anticancer,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-hyperlipidemic,anti-hyperglycemic,immunoregulatory,neuroprotective,sedative,and antiviral functions.Of note is that new constituents,including alkaloids,dietary fiber,and other bioactive substances,as well as the antiviral,hypoglycemic,lipid-lowering,and neuroprotective effects of jujube fruit,are systematically reviewed here for the first time.Meanwhile,problems affecting the exploitation of jujube fruit resources are discussed and further research directions proposed.Therefore,this review provides a useful bibliography for the future development of jujube-based products and the utilization of jujube nutritional components in functional foods.

Development of an integrated policy making tool for assessing air quality and human health benefits of air pollution control

Efficient air quality management is critical to protect public health from the adverse impacts of air pollution. To evaluate the effectiveness of air pollution control strategies, the US Environmental Protection Agency （US EPA） has developed the Software for Model Attainment Test-Community Edition （SMAT-CE） to assess the air quality attainment of emission reductions, and the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program- Community Edition （BenMAP-CE） to evaluate the health and economic benefits of air quality improvement respectively. Since scientific decision-making requires timely and coherent information, developing the linkage between SMAT-CE and BenMAP-CE into an integrated assessment platform is desirable. To address this need, a new module linking SMAT-CE to BenMAP-CE has been developed and tested. The new module streamlines the assessment of air quality and human health benefits for a proposed air pollution control strategy. It also implements an optimized data gridding algorithm which significantly enhances the computational efficiency without compro- mising accuracy. The performance of the integrated software package is demonstrated through a case study that evaluates the air quality and associated economic benefits of a national-level control strategy of PM2.5. The results of the case study show that the proposed emission reduction reduces the number of nonattainment sites from 379 to 25 based on the US National Ambient Air Quality Standards, leading to more than USS334billion ofeconomic benefits annually from improved public health. The integration of the science-based software tools in this study enhances the efficiency of developing effective and optimized emission control strategies for policy makers.

Evaluation of health benefit using Ben MAP-CE with an integrated scheme of model and monitor data during Guangzhou Asian Games

Guangzhou is the capital and largest city（land area：7287 km2）of Guangdong province in South China.The air quality in Guangzhou typically worsens in November due to unfavorable meteorological conditions for pollutant dispersion.During the Guangzhou Asian Games in November 2010,the Guangzhou government carried out a number of emission control measures that significantly improved the air quality.In this paper,we estimated the acute health outcome changes related to the air quality improvement during the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games using a next-generation,fully-integrated assessment system for air quality and health benefits.This advanced system generates air quality data by fusing model and monitoring data instead of using monitoring data alone,which provides more reliable results.The air quality estimates retain the spatial distribution of model results while calibrating the value with observations.The results show that the mean PM2.5concentration in November 2010 decreased by 3.5μg/m^3 compared to that in 2009 due to the emission control measures.From the analysis,we estimate that the air quality improvement avoided 106 premature deaths,1869 cases of hospital admission,and 20,026 cases of outpatient visits.The overall cost benefit of the improved air quality is estimated to be 165 million CNY,with the avoided premature death contributing 90%of this figure.The research demonstrates that Ben MAP-CE is capable of assessing the health and cost benefits of air pollution control for sound policy making.

Quantifying public health benefits of environmental strategy of PM2.5 air quality management in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region,China

In 2013,China issued ＂Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan（Action Plan）＂ to improve air quality.To assess the benefits of this program in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei（BTH）region,where the density of population and emissions vary greatly,we simulated the air quality benefit based on Ben MAP to satisfy the Action Plan.In this study,we estimate PM_（2.5） concentration using Voronoi spatial interpolation method on a grid with a spatial resolution of 1 × 1 km^2.Combined with the exposure-response function between PM_（2.5） concentration and health endpoints,health effects of PM_（2.5） exposure are analyzed.The economic loss is assessed by using the willingness to pay（WTP） method and human capital（HC） method.When the PM_（2.5） concentration falls by 25% in BTH and reached 60 μg/m^3 in Beijing,the avoiding deaths will be in the range of 3175 to 14051 based on different functions each year.Of the estimated mortality attributable to all causes,3117 annual deaths were due to lung cancer,1924 – 6318 annual deaths were due to cardiovascular,and343 – 1697 annual deaths were due to respiratory.Based on WTP,the estimated monetary values for the avoided cases of all cause mortality,cardiovascular mortality,respiratory mortality and lung cancer ranged from 1110 to 29632,673 to 13325,120 to 3579,1091 to 6574 million yuan,respectively.Based on HC,the corresponding values for the avoided cases of these four mortalities were 267 to 1178,161 to 529,29 to 143 and 261 million yuan,respectively.

An assessment of the potential health benefits of realizing the goals for PMlo in the updated Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standard

As a response to the severe air quality problems in China, the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2012 issued an updated Ambient Air Quality Standard （GB3095-2012）, which set a stricter grade II PMI0 standard. A successful implementation of this standard will have an impact on human health through reduction of exposure to air pollution in the population. Using the methods of adjusted human capital and value of statistical life, the authors in this article estimate the economic impact of a successful implementation of the updated Ambient Air Quality Standard on human health in China. The key results are： 1） The human health benefits from reaching the updated standard for PM10 would equal CNY 51.1 billion using adjusted human capital, account- ing for 18.5% of total human health costs in China, and CNY 83.5 billion using the value of a statistical life; 2） the benefit of reaching the updated standard for PM10 is highest in the east coastal areas and gradually declines for more Western provinces; and 3） the marginal benefit of public health increases as the environmental quality standard PMl0 improves. If the annual concentration of PMlo were to be reduced from the target number in the original grade II standard to that in the updated standard, the mortality rate of long-term exposure would be reduced by 6.5% due to reduced chronic exposure. In addition, if the annual concentration were to be reduced further from updated grade II to grade I standard, the mortality rate for long-term exposure would be lowered by 32.8%.

Recent developments in dairy kefir-derived lactic acid bacteria and their health benefits

Kefir is one of the most consumed traditional fermented dairy products and it has a complex probiotic and nutritional composition.Kefir grain contains casein and other milk solids together with the yeasts and lactobacilli that cause the characteristic kefir fermentation and serve as a starter to induce this fermentation when introduced into fresh milk.Both kefir and kefir grains have a rich microbiota and their composition is affected by many parameters like kefir origin,production method(artisanal or industrial),kefir grain:milk ratio,type of milk,fermentation conditions,inoculum source,equipment used in production and storage conditions.Lactic acid bacteria(LAB)are a significant part of the kefir’s microbial composition and the health-promoting effects.Kefir-derived LAB have beneficial effects on colorectal cancer,cardiovascular diseases,type 2 diabetes mellitus,obesity,kidney diseases,modulation of the immune system as well as intestinal microbiota through different biological mechanisms.In addition,bioactive peptides and metabolic products of kefir have shown promising results as health beneficial components along with certain antiviral effects including COVID-19.Therefore,this article is up-to-date information about the production,processing as well as health benefits of dairy kefir-derived LAB with future prospect of work.

Assessment of health benefit of PM_(2.5) reduction during COVID-19 lockdown in China and separating contributions from anthropogenic emissions and meteorology

The national lockdown policies have drastically disrupted socioeconomic activities during the COVID-19 pandemic in China,which provides a unique opportunity to investigate the air quality response to such anthropogenic disruptions.And it is meaningful to evaluate the potential health impacts of air quality changes during the lockdown,especially for PM_(2.5) with adverse health effects.In this study,by using PM_(2.5) observations from 1388 monitor-ing stations nationwide in China,we examine the PM_(2.5) variations between the COVID-19 lockdown(February and March in 2020)and the same period in 2015-2019,and find that the national average of PM_(2.5) decreases by 18 μg/m^(3),and mean PM_(2.5) for most sites(about 75%)decrease by 30%-60%.The anthropogenic and meteorological contributions to these PM_(2.5) variations are also determined by using a stepwise multiple linear regression(MLR)model combined with the Kolmogorov-Zurbenko filter.Our results show that the change of anthropogenic emissions is a leading contributor to those widespread PM_(2.5) reductions,and meteorological conditions have the negative influence on PM_(2.5) reductions for some re-gions,such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH).Additionally,the avoided premature death due to PM_(2.5) reduction is estimated as a predicted number based on a log-linear concentration-response function.The total avoided premature death is 9952 in China,with dominant con-tribution(94%)from anthropogenic emission changes.For BTH,Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta and Hubei regions,the reductions of PM_(2.5) are 24.1,24.3,13.5 and 29.5 μg/m^(3),with the avoided premature deaths of 1066,1963,454 and 583,respectively.

Nutritional quality and health benefits of microgreens,a crop of modern agriculture

Microgreens are young,tender greens that are used to enhance the color,texture,or flavor of salads and main dishes.They can be grown in small scales and indoors,making them widely adopted by controlled environment agriculture,an indoor farming practice is particularly important for feeding increasing urban populations.Besides,microgreens are attracting more consumers’attention due to their high nutritional value and unique sensory characteristics.This review focuses on the nutrition quality,sensory evaluation,pre-and post-harvest interventions,and health benefits of microgreens.Microgreens are rich in vitamins(e.g.,VC),minerals(e.g.,copper and zinc),and phytochemicals,including carotenoids and phenolic compounds,which act as antioxidants in human body.Pre-harvest interventions,such as illumination,salinity stress,nutrient fortification,and natural substrates,infl uence the photosynthetic and metabolic activities of microgreens and were shown to improve their nutritional quality,while the effects varied among species.After harvesting,packaging method and storage temperature can infl uence the nutrient retention in microgreens.Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that microgreens have anti-infl ammatory,anti-cancer,anti-bacterial,and anti-hyperglycemia properties,making it a new functional food beneficial to human health.The sensory attributes and overall acceptability and liking of microgreens are primarily infl uenced by their phytochemical content.Microgreens are only getting popular during the last decades and research on microgreens is still at its early stage.More studies are warranted to optimize the pre-and post-harvest practices for nutrient enhancement and retention and to explore the potential health benefits of different microgreens for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.

Bioactive compounds, nutritional profile and health benefits of colostrum: a review

Bovine colostrum is defined as first milk by milching animals responsible for providing the innate immunity to the neonatal and possess many immunoglobulins for preventing the calf from diseases. Colostrum consist of many bioactive compounds like proteins, enzymes, growth factors, immunoglobulins and nucleotides that provides several benefits to human health. Numerous clinical and pre-clinical studies have demonstrated the therapeutic benefits of the bovine colostrum. This review focusses on bioactive compounds, their health benefits, potential of colostrum for developing several health foods and prevention of respiratory and gastrointestinal tract disorders. Processing can also be done to extend shelf-life and extraction of bioactive constituents either as encapsulated or as extracts. The products derived from bovine colostrum are high-end supplements possessing high nutraceutical value.

Biscuits: a systematic review and meta-analysis of improving the nutritional quality and health benefits

Biscuits are ready-to-eat foods that are traditionally prepared mainly with wheat flour,fat,and sugar.Recently,biscuits’technologies have been rapidly developed to improve their nutritional properties.This study aimed to determine the strategies of improving the nutritional quality of biscuits and the potential health benefits associated with them.A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted,including articles on biscuits improved by technological processes and raw materials variation.Studies were searched from Google Scholar,PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science published between 1997 and 2020,in English and French.The meta-analysis was performed using RStudio software,version 4.0.4 to classify the biscuits.One hundred and seven eligible articles were identified.Rice,pea,potato,sorghum,buckwheat,and flaxseed flours were respectively the most found substitutes to wheat flour.But the meta-analysis shown that the copra and foxtail millet biscuit fortified with amaranth,the wheat biscuits fortified with okra,and rice biscuits fortified with soybeans had a high protein content.These biscuits therefore have a potential to be used as complementary foods.The substitution of sugar and fat by several substitutes lead to a decrease in carbohydrates,fat,and energy value.It has also brought about an increase in other nutrients such as dietary fiber,proteins/amino acids,fatty acids,and phenolic compounds.Among the sugar and fat substitutes,stevia and inulin were respectively the most used.Regarding the use of biscuits in clinical trials,they were mainly used for addressing micronutrient deficiency and for weight loss.

An Updated Review on Chicken Eggs: Production, Consumption, Management Aspects and Nutritional Benefits to Human Health

Ancestors of the modern chicken were domesticated from members of the Gallus genus probably 7 to 8 thousand years ago in southeastern Asia. Subsequently, they spread globally for meat and egg production. In the chicken egg, there is a balance of numerous, high-quality nutrients, many of which are highly bioavailable. The egg confers a multitude of health benefits to consumers emphasizing its classification as a functional food. Current global per capita egg consumption estimates approach 9 kg annually but vary greatly on a regional basis. This review deals with global production, consumption, and management aspects such as hygiene, feeding, and housing. Management aspects play key roles in the composition, quality, food safety, and visual (consumer) appeal of the egg. Also the manipulation of egg nutrients and value for human health is discussed.

Ecosystem Health and Comprehensive Ecological Benefit Assessment of an Artificial Wetland in Western Jilin Province

[Objective] This research aimed to assess the state of ecosystem health and comprehensive ecological benefit of an artificial wetland in western Jilin Province. [Method] To investigate the effects of reclaimed water from Yingtai Oil Production Plant on the wetland ecosystem, a comprehensive ecological assessment index of an artificial wetland in the west of Jilin Province was established to measure the ecological economic and social benefits. The quantitative evaluation on the ecosystem health and comprehensive ecological benefit of the artificial wetland were carried out from 2003 to 2010 and were measured by means of the square difference method. [Result] After eight years of irrigation by reclaimed water, the levels of ecosystem health and benefit of the artificial wetland improved from Grade IV to Grade II, and the ecological environment, economic and social development of the wetland tended to improve. [Conclusion] The results indicated that the use of reclaimed water for irrigation of wetland ecosystems was a suitable way to control drought in arid and semi-arid regions.

Deepening China-Africa Cooperation, Benefiting People’s Health

CHINA and Africa have been a commu- nity of shared interests and shared destiny Their collaboration benefits not only the development of China and Africa but also promotes the unity and cooperation of developing countries. Health cooperation is a powerful testimony to the friendship between Chinese and African people. Based on win-win cooperation and aiming at the well-being of the people, China and Africa have attained fruitful results through health cooperation over the last five decades.

Benefits of Budget Health Plan

A county in eastern Jiangsu Province leads the way in low-cost medical treatment THE extremely cold weather that has ravaged large parts of the northern hemisphere this winter also took its toll on the small village of Dazhuyin in Ganyu County,east China＇s Jiangsu Province. The dry,freezing days laid low scores