Background:More than one million people each year become infected by parasites that cause the disease cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL).This disease manifests as one or more skin lesions or ulcers that are slow to heal with...Background:More than one million people each year become infected by parasites that cause the disease cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL).This disease manifests as one or more skin lesions or ulcers that are slow to heal with variable response rates to drug treatments.Thus far,little attention has been paid to how the cultural effects of gender shape perceptions and experiences of CL.This review aims to bring together and analyse existing studies which use qualitative data to explore these differences.These studies offered insights into our specific research questions.Methods:We conducted a systematic review of the literature pertaining to either CL or muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis(MCL)through EBSCO,EMBASE,Medline,Scopus and Web of Science databases.To meet inclusion criteria,articles had to be either qualitative or mixed-method with a qualitative component.They also had to include a reflection on how the gender of participants impacted the findings and addressed the lived experiences of CL.We did not exclude articles based on the language they were published in or in which country the study took place.Results:From a total of 1589 potential articles,we found that thirteen met the inclusion criteria.These articles were published in English,Spanish or Portuguese and reported on studies carried out in various countries in Africa,Asia and South America.After using the principles of a meta-ethnography to analyse these studies,we generated several key themes.We found that health-seeking behaviours,treatment choices,stigma and the impact of scarring are shaped by gender in a variety of contexts.Conclusions:Gender impacts on an individual’s experience of CL.In particular,women are more constricted in their health-seeking behaviours and experience more stigma both from the active lesions and from scarring than men.In many contexts,however,men are more at risk of becoming infected by the parasite that causes CL and may turn to more harmful or aggressive self-treatments.We recommend that future research on CL should consider the impact of gender as this can create very different experiences for individuals.展开更多
Recent research has emphasized the growing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in public health communication. However, the effectiveness of AI in developing and implementing culturally sensitive health communication ...Recent research has emphasized the growing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in public health communication. However, the effectiveness of AI in developing and implementing culturally sensitive health communication strategies is poorly understood. The complexity of cultural diversity in public health communication prompted a scoping review to systematically examine existing research on the use of AI in developing and implementing culturally sensitive health communication strategies that promote cultural responsiveness and enhance public health. The present study employed a scoping review methodology in line with the Arksey and O’Malley framework and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Data were collected from published studies from MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, and Google Scholar in the last five years. From the 933 studies initially identified, screening yielded 15 relevant articles spanning 2019 to 2024, assessing AI’s impact of AI across diverse geographical contexts, such as the USA, UK, and China. These studies affirm AI’s efficacy of AI in crafting public health messages that incorporate cultural nuances and ensure anonymity, thus addressing the specific needs of racially minoritized communities. However, varying levels of acceptance are often influenced by ethical concerns, resulting in low trust and patient acceptance of AI for culturally responsive communication in public health care. This scoping review underscores a significant uptick in AI-driven approaches to culturally sensitive public health communication. Despite notable advancements, the body of empirical evidence is limited and primarily focuses on AI systems with minimal decision-making autonomy. Persistent challenges in user acceptance, especially within culturally sensitive settings, indicate that cultural sensitivity and trust-building are pivotal for the successful integration of AI in public health messaging. These findings necessitate further research to deepen the understanding and enhance the effective deployment of AI in diverse cultural contexts.展开更多
Yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae（SCY） origin has over long time been incorporated into domestic animal diets. In calves, several products have offered improved performance and health. Although several types of rese...Yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae（SCY） origin has over long time been incorporated into domestic animal diets. In calves, several products have offered improved performance and health. Although several types of research have been completed, the mode of action of SCY is not clear in calves. Under this review, we have highlighted the works available in the literature on the use of SCY in calves performance, health, immunity, and the gut environment. Both active live yeast and yeast culture have positive effects on growth, rumen, small intestines, immunity and general health of the calf. Specifically, SCY can improve DMI, growth, feed efficiency and reduce diarrhea in calves. Furthermore, subtle improvements are seen in rumen fermentation（increased butyrate production） and rumen papillae growth. These positive results are, however, more pronounced in calves that are under stress or exposed to significant levels of disease-causing agents. There is a need for further research in areas such as gut morphology, gut microbiology and immunity using latest molecular methods to fully understand how SCY helps the growth and development of calves.展开更多
Aims: Anaemia in children aged 6 - 59 months is an important public health problem associated with increasing hospital costs, lengths of hospital stay, and development of complications later in life. Due to the signif...Aims: Anaemia in children aged 6 - 59 months is an important public health problem associated with increasing hospital costs, lengths of hospital stay, and development of complications later in life. Due to the significant caregiver roles of mothers, the level of mothers’ knowledge, beliefs and practices are important in addressing anaemia in children. This study investigated knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices of select mothers on anaemia and linked these with known factors for anaemia. Methodology: The case study was conducted at Mkuranga District Hospital, Paediatric Ward between December 2014 and April 2015. A cross-sectional design was used to recruit a convenience sample of 40 mothers whose children had a confirmed diagnosis of anaemia (through routine laboratory testing). Results: Within the sample, the majority of children were male (52.5%);aged 6 - 39 months (87.5%);and had a diagnosis of severe anaemia (75.0%) according to the World Health Organization’s definition. Over one third (35%) of mothers reported a prior history of anemia in their other children, and the majority (55%) had heard about anaemia prior to their child’s hospitalization. Maternal anaemia was reported by 67.5% of mothers. Mothers reported that maternal anemia (17.5%) and feeding practices (32.5%) are known contributing factors to anaemia in children. Mothers reported that anemia could be prevented (55.0%) and cured by herbal preparations (47.5%). In addition, some mothers indicated that anaemia was caused by witchcraft (22.5%) and eating lemons (2.5%). Conclusion: Severe anaemia was high among the studied population which aligned with their hospitalization status. Findings suggested potential gaps in control and management of anemia in children possibly related to low awareness or incorrect knowledge of the relationship between maternal and child anaemia. The findings also highlighted important cultural beliefs related to anaemia. There is an imperative for culturally and socially appropriate knowledge translation and exchange with mothers in order to impact on the prevention and control of anaemia in children in Tanzania.展开更多
Last decade, the geography of immigration in Portugal experienced intense transformations with an increasing inflow of new and diversified migratory groups. An open questionnaire was developed and applied to 22 Portug...Last decade, the geography of immigration in Portugal experienced intense transformations with an increasing inflow of new and diversified migratory groups. An open questionnaire was developed and applied to 22 Portuguese nurses, aiming to analyse personal experiences and significant situations of nursing care in multicultural contexts. The understanding of hospital routines, difficulties in managing physical space due to different cultural standards, body exposure, and body handling in nursing clinical care, emerged as more significant issues in reports of critical incidents focusing on multicultural contexts.展开更多
基金unded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research(NIHR)(NIHR200135)using UK aid from the UK Government to support global health research.
文摘Background:More than one million people each year become infected by parasites that cause the disease cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL).This disease manifests as one or more skin lesions or ulcers that are slow to heal with variable response rates to drug treatments.Thus far,little attention has been paid to how the cultural effects of gender shape perceptions and experiences of CL.This review aims to bring together and analyse existing studies which use qualitative data to explore these differences.These studies offered insights into our specific research questions.Methods:We conducted a systematic review of the literature pertaining to either CL or muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis(MCL)through EBSCO,EMBASE,Medline,Scopus and Web of Science databases.To meet inclusion criteria,articles had to be either qualitative or mixed-method with a qualitative component.They also had to include a reflection on how the gender of participants impacted the findings and addressed the lived experiences of CL.We did not exclude articles based on the language they were published in or in which country the study took place.Results:From a total of 1589 potential articles,we found that thirteen met the inclusion criteria.These articles were published in English,Spanish or Portuguese and reported on studies carried out in various countries in Africa,Asia and South America.After using the principles of a meta-ethnography to analyse these studies,we generated several key themes.We found that health-seeking behaviours,treatment choices,stigma and the impact of scarring are shaped by gender in a variety of contexts.Conclusions:Gender impacts on an individual’s experience of CL.In particular,women are more constricted in their health-seeking behaviours and experience more stigma both from the active lesions and from scarring than men.In many contexts,however,men are more at risk of becoming infected by the parasite that causes CL and may turn to more harmful or aggressive self-treatments.We recommend that future research on CL should consider the impact of gender as this can create very different experiences for individuals.
文摘Recent research has emphasized the growing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in public health communication. However, the effectiveness of AI in developing and implementing culturally sensitive health communication strategies is poorly understood. The complexity of cultural diversity in public health communication prompted a scoping review to systematically examine existing research on the use of AI in developing and implementing culturally sensitive health communication strategies that promote cultural responsiveness and enhance public health. The present study employed a scoping review methodology in line with the Arksey and O’Malley framework and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Data were collected from published studies from MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, and Google Scholar in the last five years. From the 933 studies initially identified, screening yielded 15 relevant articles spanning 2019 to 2024, assessing AI’s impact of AI across diverse geographical contexts, such as the USA, UK, and China. These studies affirm AI’s efficacy of AI in crafting public health messages that incorporate cultural nuances and ensure anonymity, thus addressing the specific needs of racially minoritized communities. However, varying levels of acceptance are often influenced by ethical concerns, resulting in low trust and patient acceptance of AI for culturally responsive communication in public health care. This scoping review underscores a significant uptick in AI-driven approaches to culturally sensitive public health communication. Despite notable advancements, the body of empirical evidence is limited and primarily focuses on AI systems with minimal decision-making autonomy. Persistent challenges in user acceptance, especially within culturally sensitive settings, indicate that cultural sensitivity and trust-building are pivotal for the successful integration of AI in public health messaging. These findings necessitate further research to deepen the understanding and enhance the effective deployment of AI in diverse cultural contexts.
基金supported by Beijing Agricultural Committee(20160146)Tianjin Commission of Science and Technology(15YFXQNC00020)+1 种基金National Dairy Industry and Technology System(CARS-37)Key Technologies R&D Program of China(2012BAD12B06)
文摘Yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae（SCY） origin has over long time been incorporated into domestic animal diets. In calves, several products have offered improved performance and health. Although several types of research have been completed, the mode of action of SCY is not clear in calves. Under this review, we have highlighted the works available in the literature on the use of SCY in calves performance, health, immunity, and the gut environment. Both active live yeast and yeast culture have positive effects on growth, rumen, small intestines, immunity and general health of the calf. Specifically, SCY can improve DMI, growth, feed efficiency and reduce diarrhea in calves. Furthermore, subtle improvements are seen in rumen fermentation（increased butyrate production） and rumen papillae growth. These positive results are, however, more pronounced in calves that are under stress or exposed to significant levels of disease-causing agents. There is a need for further research in areas such as gut morphology, gut microbiology and immunity using latest molecular methods to fully understand how SCY helps the growth and development of calves.
文摘Aims: Anaemia in children aged 6 - 59 months is an important public health problem associated with increasing hospital costs, lengths of hospital stay, and development of complications later in life. Due to the significant caregiver roles of mothers, the level of mothers’ knowledge, beliefs and practices are important in addressing anaemia in children. This study investigated knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices of select mothers on anaemia and linked these with known factors for anaemia. Methodology: The case study was conducted at Mkuranga District Hospital, Paediatric Ward between December 2014 and April 2015. A cross-sectional design was used to recruit a convenience sample of 40 mothers whose children had a confirmed diagnosis of anaemia (through routine laboratory testing). Results: Within the sample, the majority of children were male (52.5%);aged 6 - 39 months (87.5%);and had a diagnosis of severe anaemia (75.0%) according to the World Health Organization’s definition. Over one third (35%) of mothers reported a prior history of anemia in their other children, and the majority (55%) had heard about anaemia prior to their child’s hospitalization. Maternal anaemia was reported by 67.5% of mothers. Mothers reported that maternal anemia (17.5%) and feeding practices (32.5%) are known contributing factors to anaemia in children. Mothers reported that anemia could be prevented (55.0%) and cured by herbal preparations (47.5%). In addition, some mothers indicated that anaemia was caused by witchcraft (22.5%) and eating lemons (2.5%). Conclusion: Severe anaemia was high among the studied population which aligned with their hospitalization status. Findings suggested potential gaps in control and management of anemia in children possibly related to low awareness or incorrect knowledge of the relationship between maternal and child anaemia. The findings also highlighted important cultural beliefs related to anaemia. There is an imperative for culturally and socially appropriate knowledge translation and exchange with mothers in order to impact on the prevention and control of anaemia in children in Tanzania.
文摘Last decade, the geography of immigration in Portugal experienced intense transformations with an increasing inflow of new and diversified migratory groups. An open questionnaire was developed and applied to 22 Portuguese nurses, aiming to analyse personal experiences and significant situations of nursing care in multicultural contexts. The understanding of hospital routines, difficulties in managing physical space due to different cultural standards, body exposure, and body handling in nursing clinical care, emerged as more significant issues in reports of critical incidents focusing on multicultural contexts.
