Impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs on Antibiotic Use and Drug Resistance:Analysis of Data from Maternal and Child Health Care Hospitals in Hubei Province,China

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs(ASPs)on antibiotic use and drug resistance.MethodsThis was a retrospective,multicenter,management intervention study.The data from 85 maternity hospitals(maternal and child health care hospitals)in Hubei province from 2012 to 2019 were collected.The indicators related to antimicrobial drug use included the utilization rate of different grades of antimicrobial drugs,the intensity of antimicrobial agent use,the rational use of prophylactic antimicrobial agents before class I surgical incision,and pathogenic detection and consultation rates before antimicrobial drug use.ResultsSince the implementation,the purchase of antimicrobial agents in hospitals has been maintained within the prescribed range,and the defined daily dose system(DDDs)of antimicrobial agents has been reduced,prophylactic use and accurate treatment of antimicrobial agents related to class I surgical incision have been more reasonable.With the implementation of ASPs,the detection rate of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii,cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli,and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has been decreased in China from national bacterial resistance surveillance data.ConclusionASPs have positive effects on antibiotic use and drug resistance in 85 maternity hospitals(maternal and child health care hospitals).

Study on Health Management and Service Model of Chifeng Class 3A General Public Hospital

This study investigates the construction of a health management service mode based on large-scale comprehensive hospitals by analyzing health management service modes at home and abroad,that is,taking the Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University as an example,establish a health examination hospital,undertake core tasks such as health service operation process,system,monitoring,and system formulation,and take the best medical resources.Attract social medical resources to collaborate and give health service mode of health status monitoring,evaluation,and intervention to health service objects,aided by advanced medical technology.To extend the traditional health management service with the hospital as the protagonist to health management with participation from family and society beyond the hospital,forming a closed-loop,rapid,and efficient health service management system.Thus,through graded quality services,to lessen the difficulties of patients seeing a doctor and to solve the problem of overcrowding and minor ailments in major hospitals.

MHC （Makkah Health City）： A Futuristic Approach

A Health City, to be known as Makkah Health City, is in the process of being established in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. It will be composed of a health promoting hospital, and a college of medicine and health sciences that would aim at training doctors and other members of the health team, whose practice of medicine would be holistic. Our ultimate goal is for MHC to be a model for other health institutions to emulate.

Diversity of Emergency Codes in Hospitals

Background: Hospitals must be prepared to deal efficiently and effectively with different emergencies. To accomplish this, several countries have standardized their hospital emergency codes to improve their response capability. This is particularly important in Puerto Rico given that many health professionals, particularly physicians and nurses, provide services in more than one hospital. This study examined the emergency codes and alerts utilized in Puerto Rican hospitals. Objective: To assess hospitals’ level of emergency preparedness and response capability related to the variability of emergency codes and alerts utilized to respond to a situation in Puerto Rico. Method: A survey was conducted to characterize hospital emergency department level of preparedness and response to a mass fatality incident. A total of 39 out of a sample of 44 hospitals participated in the study. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered by the research team to members of each hospital’s administrative staff to explore the following: general hospital characteristics, emergency plans, emergency department capacity, collaborative agreements, personnel training, emergency communications, laboratory facilities, treatment protocols, security, epidemiologic surveillance, equipment and infrastructure. Results: Some hospitals in Puerto Rico use color coded emergency alerts, while others use key words or codes. Single color emergency codes can have different meanings in different hospitals. Conclusions: The findings clearly show that there is a lack of uniformity and clarity in the emergency codes utilized by hospitals in Puerto Rico. Single color codes have diverse meanings in different hospitals. This could adversely affect hospitals’ efficient and effective emergency response.

上海市精神卫生专科医院心理应急管理现状研究

目的 了解新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情影响下上海市精神卫生专科医院心理应急管理现状及面临的主要问题,为建立健全精神卫生专科医院心理应急管理体系提供对策和建议。方法 采用定量研究和定性研究相结合的方法,面向上海市18家精神卫生中心的心理危机干预管理人员及272名心理危机干预队伍成员开展问卷调查,选取24名心理危机干预相关工作人员进行访谈。结果 (1)管理设置方面,18家医院中仅上海市精神卫生中心设置了独立的心理危机干预办公室,15家(83.3%)已制定心理应急总体干预方案或预案,11家(61.1%)已建立健全心理应急管理相关制度,12家(66.7%)配备心理危机干预工作经费。(2)队伍建设方面,心理危机干预队员以兼职为主(84.9%),年龄主要在35~<45岁(47.8%),96.3%的队员具有大学本科及以上学历,所学专业以精神医学为主(40.4%),85.7%的队员具有心理咨询师资格证书,40.1%的队员具有突发公共卫生事件心理危机干预经验,81.3%的队员能够有效处理创伤后心理问题。(3)心理应急管理过程中存在的主要问题包括队员压力过大、能力水平参差不齐、队伍人手不足和保障机制不完善4个方面。结论 目前,上海市已初步形成心理危机干预体系,但在管理机制和队伍建设方面仍存在不足。建议进一步完善心理危机干预体系管理机制和人才队伍建设。

Emergency management of nursing human resources and supplies to respond to coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic

Objective:To introduce the emergency management of nursing human resources and supplies of a large general hospital when facing the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Method:The Nursing Department of the hospital fully executed its functional authority to establish a three-level echelon of sustainable support,allocate human recourses dynamically,organize pre-service training,supervise the key working steps,formulate positive incentive methods,and deploy medical supplies scientifically.Result:By taking these strategies,the hospital effectively improved the coping capacity of the nursing team and played a positive role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.Conclusion:The emergency management of nursing human resources and material resources for COVID-19 of the hospital is successful.But several deficiencies were identified as well,which indicated that the hospital needs to establish an efficient emergency management system,and pay attention to the practice of nursing emergency plans to enhance coping capacities in public health emergencies.

宁夏农村基层医务人员对基本药物制度的认知及满意度调查

目的:了解宁夏农村基层医务人员对国家基本药物制度的认知和满意度。方法:采用分层随机抽样的方法选取宁夏16所乡镇卫生院,采用自行设计问卷进行测评。结果:该地区基层医务人员对基本药物制度的认知和满意度均较高,总体满意率为92.54%。结论:建议继续加强基本药物制度的宣传和培训工作,并进一步完善该地区的基本药物目录。