Evaluating Health Planning Issues at the Community Level

This study was a brief review of issues related to health planning in the metropolitan area of Syracuse, New York. It suggested that population demographics and health care utilization can have an impact on the use of services at the community level. The study suggested that the utilization of services can be associated with patient demographics. In this study, younger populations were associated with lower use of hospital inpatient care. The data have also suggested that larger numbers of younger populations are not necessarily related to opportunities for expanding local health care providers. Younger populations can be associated with lower per capita use of services. The data demonstrated that there were substantial reductions in hospital discharges for adult medicine. Total discharges declined by 3999 patients between the seven months in 2019 and 2023. The data also demonstrated that there were notable reductions in hospital discharges for adult surgery.

Benefits of Budget Health Plan

A county in eastern Jiangsu Province leads the way in low-cost medical treatment THE extremely cold weather that has ravaged large parts of the northern hemisphere this winter also took its toll on the small village of Dazhuyin in Ganyu County,east China＇s Jiangsu Province. The dry,freezing days laid low scores

Atmospheric Pollutants in a Commercial Region of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil: Integration of Health, Environment and Economy in Urban Planning to Improve Air Quality

The accelerated growth of the vehicular fleet, the modernization of large urban centers, and the few adjustments to the road network in Fortaleza have intensified the problems of traffic and emissions of atmospheric pollutants, highlighting the necessity for strategic urban planning initiatives to address the escalating issues of traffic and pollution. With the objective of analyzing the indices of concentrations of atmospheric pollutants and estimating how these levels can affect human health, this work consists of a study of the analysis of air quality in the intense trade region of Fortaleza. For this, the analysis zone was divided into three perimeters (Major - Medium - Minor), where each perimeter was analyzed at 7 am, 12 noon and 5 pm. Concentrations of the type of O3, particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), CO2 and HCHO were collected. Our results demonstrate that most of the analyses are within the limits of current legislation;however, at certain times and perimeters, the analyses of CO2 and HCHO exceeded the established limits. In view of the above, we conclude that public policies to control air quality are necessary to reduce the damage to human health and the environment caused by pollutants.

Systematic Review of Community Type 2 Diabetes Structured Health Education (CT2DSHE)

Aim: This paper aims to evaluate disparities of type 2 diabetes structured health education programmes that is utilised within the communities. Design: systematic review, (a type of secondary research design) aiming to summarize the results of prior primary research studies on available evidence Community type 2 diabetes structured education (CT2DSHE). Methods: Research question: Type 2 diabetic structured health education within a community how effective is it? Qualitative Systematic review, defined as a way to get reliable and objective picture of current available evidence on the specific topic—(CT2DSHE), (Denscombe, 2021) through reflexivity synthesis of available data as an example. This is valuable in time constraints such as project assignments that must be met within specific time and also to bring together available evidence together [1]. Results: This review has shown that CT2DSHE is effective with seven out of the eleven authors supporting, three authors against and one was neutral, further showed that knowledge and skills acquired can last longer with patient activation improved among T2DM patients ideal for sustaining their self-management of T2DM. Conclusion: This research provides suggestive answers to the research question: “Type 2 diabetic structured health education within a community how effective is it?”, This has demonstrated CT2DSHE effectiveness in knowledge acquisition and improving T2DM awareness among T2DM patients, whilst evidencing long effects beyond the study times of 3 - 9 months period in relation to patient activation. Also Identified diabetes education self-management on newly diagnosed (DESMOND) patient as CT2DSHE program for recommendation. Patient or Public Contribution: This work aspires to contribute to CT2DSHE in these areas;Influencing policy decision-making for community diabetes care within the UK and world at large., Contributing to already vast knowledge on diabetes self-management and reasons why?, Influencing educators on how CT2DSHEP are designed, delivered by putting the patient at the Centre and bringing different perspectives on CT2DSHEP in one place that is serving users time of having to consult several resources especially busy clinicians [2] [3].

A Financial Health Plan

After years of financial restructuring, China still has a long way to go China is certainly on solid financial footing, but the country’s top

Hospital Utilization and Health Care Planning

This study evaluated changes in inpatient adult medicine and adult surgery services in the metropolitan area of Syracuse New York. These are the two largest inpatient hospital services. The study involved the use of these services as a basis for health care planning over time. The first component of the study focused on changes in hospital discharges for adult medicine and adult surgery. It demonstrated that, between the first three quarters of 2019 and 2022, before and after the coronavirus epidemic, numbers of adult medicine and adult surgery discharges declined by 16 - 21 percent. The second component of the study focused on changes in hospital lengths of stay for adult medicine and adult surgery. It demonstrated that, between the first three quarters of 2019 and 2022, hospital inpatient lengths of stay increased by approximately 19 - 21 percent at the aggregate and hospital specific levels. Effective planning involving utilization indicators such as hospital discharges and efficiency will be necessary if the potential for effective management of this sector is to be preserved. This planning should involve comparisons of data such as hospital discharges and stays, and identification of the sources of these developments at the community level.

Integration of Location-Allocation and Accessibility Models in GIS to Improve Urban Planning for Health Services in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia

In this study, accessibility and location-allocation models have been integrated into GIS to improve spatial planning and environmental sustainability of health services in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah. This integration provides a planning framework in order to check the efficiency of the spatial allocation of health services and to generate alternatives either by proposing an active service or to improve an existing one. To achieve these objectives, the accessibility to the service area was analyzed within the analysis of health services networks, which are divided into eight types: public hospitals, specialized hospitals, health units, healthcare centers, infirmaries, clinic complexes, the Red Crescent Center, and ambulance facilities, with time intervals of (5 minutes - 10 minutes - 15 minutes) to access coverage ranges, and the location-allocation model was used based on the maximum coverage model within a response time not exceeding 15 minutes, The results of the study revealed the poor distribution of health services Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah suffers from weak accessibility to health services coverage areas and is unable to meet the needs of its population at present. The current need for health services reached twenty-four locations, including two public hospitals, three specialized hospitals, two health centers, three ambulance facilities, four infirmaries, three clinic complexes, four health units, and three Red Crescent centers.

Reproductive Health and Family Planning

I am honoured to have the opportunity to speak about an issue, which lies at the heart of the Cairo agenda, and that is reproductive health.

Theoretical Foundation of Family Health Promotion——the Orientation of Family Planning Development in Urban Area

Objective To make a theoretical exploration of the function of family-based health promotion in family planning development. Methods Given the notion of reproductive health and the Junction of family in society, the author bring Jorward a new mode of family planning service, that was ＂healthy, happy household promotion ＂ based on the principle of health education and health promotion. Results The mode of ＂healthy,, happy household promotion ＂ reflected the new KP. service mode, and was the direction of family planning service. It might benefit both service provider and clients to make the family as the entrance point of quality care of reproductive health in communities, to develop health education and health promotion, and promote fiunily health and fanily happiness. Conclusion Family health and family happiness should be the final goal of family planning.

Excess mortality in Northeast Iran caused by COVID-19:Neglect of offset community transformations of health

Objective:To make evidence-based decisions based on broad mortality trends for Razavi Khorasan province,Iran.Methods:In order to determine the baseline number of deaths,we used univariate time series analyses for monthly data from the monthly vital statistics reports(From April 2015 to March 2022).For excess mortalities,these baselines were subtracted from reported deaths with a 95%prediction interval.To compare time and causes,a P-score was calculated.Results:From March 2020 to March 2022,there were 61949 registered deaths,and the estimated deaths with a 95%confidence interval(CI)were 43246.16(35718.28,50774.05).So,in 2020-2021 and 2021-2022,the death counts were 35.15%and 51.33%higher than projected.A total of 18666 cardiovascular diseases were reported and a total of 15704.46(12006.95,19401.96)was estimated.The P-score for this duration was 14.49%and 23.23%higher than expected.Infectious and parasitic diseases plus COVID-19 were 16633 and estimated to be 1044.87(456.77,1632.96).A total of 4420 diseases of the respiratory system were reported,and 4564.94 deaths were predicted(2277.43,6852.43).In the first year of the pandemic,the P-score dropped to-35.28%and in the second year,it jumped sharply to 22.38%.Conclusions:Excess mortality,along with cause-specific mortality,can be helpful for monitoring trends and developing public health policies at the local,national,and international levels.

Healthcare Providers' Perceptions of the Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs (Including Family Planning) of Elderly Women from Selected Sites in Botswana

Much of the sexual and reproductive health services and service delivery including family planning target women of child bearing ages (15 - 49 years) and sometimes men. Hardly are there programmes/interventions that specifically target the needs of the elderly women (50 years and above), yet this group has serious sexual and reproductive health needs as many of them are still sexually active. This cross-sectional study obtained the views of a stratified random sample of 169 healthcare providers (doctors, nurses and pharmacists) from four selected sites, Gaborone, Selibe Phikwe, Barolong and Kweneng East health districts in Botswana on how the healthcare system in the selected sites is meeting the SRH/FP needs of the elderly women. The study found out that while overwhelming majority of the healthcare providers feltthat the healthcare system has no programme that specifically target the SRH/FP needs of this significant others and their SRH/FP needs are not being met ,less than 15% indicated that Pap smear screening as well as screening of cervical cancer were on-going. Although there are SRH/FP services available in the healthcare system, the elderly women are minimally accessing these services. Only condom, combined oral contraceptives, progestogen-only pills, treatment of STIs, screening for HIV/AIDS and screening for cervical cancer are accessed and information is also limited to these services. Reasons given by the healthcare providers for the non-accessibility of these services were cultural diversity (80%), people's sexual behavior and perceptions about sex (79%), lack of knowledge about the desired SRH/FP services (76%), religion (73%) and gender issues (62%). The study, advocates as part of policy options to mitigate the obstacles to accessing SRH/FP services, the expansion of counseling programmes, screening and treatment for breast cancer, public awareness campaigns, production and circulation of appropriate educational materials, effective training of healthcare providers and the establishment of separate clinic days for the elderly women' SRH/FP services.

动机性访谈在血脂异常患者中的应用

目的探讨基于动机性访谈的干预方案在血脂异常患者中的应用效果。方法选取2021年11月至2022年2月在郑州大学第一附属医院体检中心检出的血脂异常患者,共112例。根据随机数字表法分为对照组(56例)和干预组(56例)。对照组在体检后进行常规健康教育,干预组在前者的基础上进行动机性访谈干预。比较两组患者在干预前及干预后的甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)及高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)水平。结果干预前两组血脂异常患者的TG、LDL-C、HDL-C差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预6个月后两组TG、LDL-C、HDL-C比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于动机性访谈的干预方案可有效降低血脂异常患者的TG、LDL-C水平,提高HDL-C水平。

Family Planning: The Right Way to Avoid Perpetuating Poverty

Introduction: Family planning is a practice that serves in what way to avoid poverty and improve social indicators. Objective: To present scientific evidence on Family Planning in the most complete dimension possible. Methodology: The research was carried out in electronic databases MEDLINE, LILACS, INDEX PSICOLOGY, GOOGLE ACADEMIC, CVSP, LIS, limited to the last 23 years. Those addressed pre-defined aspects of interest to the study proposal were selected planning, family, social aspect, conception, contraception, disease, health and the new approaches to the problem. For the present study in the end 38 articles were selected and 13 more used for discussion. Results: Family planning is one of the best ways to grow a nation and avoid perpetuating poverty in the population, thus improving social indicators.

以需求为导向的阶段护理方案对肝硬化患者的影响

目的探讨以需求为导向的阶段护理方案对肝硬化患者的影响。方法采取便利抽样法,选取2019年2月至2021年12月江苏省淮安市第四人民医院收治的118例肝硬化患者,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组和研究组,每组59例。对照组给予常规护理,研究组给予以需求为导向的阶段护理方案。比较两组护理前后疾病相关知识掌握程度、自我效能和健康行为。结果118例患者中,2例患者自愿放弃本次调查,1例患者中途转入其他科治疗。对照组最终纳入58例,研究组最终纳入57例。护理前,两组慢性肝病问卷(CLDQ)各维度评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);护理后,两组CLDQ各维度评分均高于护理前,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理前,两组一般自我效能感量表(CDSES)各维度评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);护理后,两组CDSES各维度评分均高于护理前,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理前,两组健康促进生活方式量表Ⅱ(HPLP-Ⅱ)各维度评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);护理后,两组HPLP-Ⅱ各维度评分均高于护理前,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论以需求为导向的阶段护理方案可有效改善肝硬化患者的疾病相关知识掌握程度、自我效能及健康行为。

城市规划健康影响评估理论框架构建

健康影响评估为预测城市发展、城市规划方案和项目的健康效益提供框架,但在融入我国城市规划中仍面临内容体系不清、技术流程不明、模型体系未建立和工作方法缺失等问题。本文构建了城市规划健康影响评估理论框架,系统性地明确了面向城市规划的健康影响评估内容体系、技术流程、模型体系和工作方法。面向城市规划的健康影响评估可从“健康风险控制影响评估”“健康资源支撑保障评估”和“健康行为促进效益评估”3个方面开展;主要技术流程包括参照对象确定、评估范围界定、评估框架构建、评估方法选取和评估开展5个步骤;模型体系由核心模型、相关模型和外围模型构成;最后,规划编制团队与健康影响评估团队可协作推进健康影响评估“全过程”融入规划。本文可为面向城市规划开展健康影响评估提供基本的理论、方法和机制指导。

行为健康视角下儿童友好社区规划策略研究

为营造儿童友好健康的城市社区环境,分析总结了社区儿童日常生活时空行为特征及社区建成环境需求,提取并构建包含安全、文化、交通、空间、建筑、绿化、教育、参与等8项一级指标,户外安全感觉、慢行通学路径等20项二级指标内容的儿童友好社区行为健康支持体系,并从交通引导、功能分区、公共空间、适儿设施、健康培养、公众参与等方面提出儿童友好社区规划应对策略。

中国社会医疗保险制度未来发展的挑战与创新建议

中国社会医疗保险制度发展至今,已覆盖了95%以上的人口,筹资和报销待遇都达到了与国民经济所处的中等收入国家地位相称的水平,但也存在不同人群待遇相差悬殊、医保基金使用效率不高的问题。未来需要从实现公平的国民待遇、进行科学的医保筹资规划、制定统一的医疗服务价格、设计合理的医保报销政策、明确划分中央与地方政府的职责等方面,正视挑战,创新发展,避免医保制度发展的中等收入陷阱。

公立医院高质量发展面临的问题及对策研究

通过文献研究、统计数据分析和现实情况剖析,发现公立医院在高质量发展的道路上还面临一些难题:公立医院发展存在路径依赖、精细化管理动力不足、大型公立医院的部分行为产生负向头雁效应以及多部门协作有待提高。建议在实施区域卫生规划、落实公立医院功能定位基础上,从经济利益、市场机制、行业规范和政策指令等方面引导公立医院改变发展方式,通过现代医院管理制度建设促进医院开展精细化管理,以推动公立医院高质量持续发展。