EQUATOR Network Library for health research reporting

Introduction EQUATOR Network provides unique access to collated expertise and resources for good reporting of health research, The resources are aimed at researchers （authors of research articles）, journal editors, peer reviewers, and developers of reporting guidelines,

The‘experimental public’in longitudinal health research:views of local leaders and service providers in rural South Africa

Background:The concept of‘experimental public’has been recently applied to publics involved in clinical trials.This term could also be applied to publics involved in longitudinal research such as health and demographic surveillance systems.The ethics of practice and public engagement with these experimental publics are of key importance and include issues of informed consent,confidentiality,collection of body tissue samples and fair local benefit.Methods:Individual(n=11)and focus group(n=5)qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 56 local leaders and service providers regarding their views about research activities in a longitudinal health research study site run by the MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit(Agincourt)in rural South Africa.Deductive and inductive thematic analysis was undertaken using NVivo software to identify the emergent themes.Results:There was an understanding of the usefulness of collecting demographic data,but reasons for gathering other contextual data such as on food security,as well as the reasons for collection of blood was less clear.While appreciation was expressed for feedback of individual results such as blood pressure levels during home-based data collection,there were requests for more results from biomarkers,and for these to be given at home,rather than at the clinic.There were reports of indirect refusals,and offers by leaders to assist in reducing refusal rates.There were concerns about confidentiality,especially in the publication of results.Some leaders would have liked to receive more individual level data for planning of services,although they understood this would breach confidentiality.Service providers were concerned about the withdrawal of some services post intervention trials.Conclusions:This experimental public has,over time,developed a nuanced understanding of the reasons for research and the procedures undertaken.Discussions concerning fair benefit ranged from requests for more individual clinically-relevant results for participants,to understanding how research results could assist in planning of public health services at local and national levels.The concerns illustrate the complexity of the ethics of practice which has implications for policy,practice and governance for those working in longitudinal health research sites globally.

Review of teachers’mental health research in China since 1994

To summarize the widely dispersed literature concerning Chinese teachers’mental status,the present paper conducted a quantitative research synthesis with a focus on the current situation and development in teachers’mental disorders.On one hand,the results demonstrated that many critical problems existed in the exploration of this issue,such as the primary application of one uniform research type(i.e.,theoretical discussion)and single-scale method(i.e.,SCL-90);on the other,the comparison analysis showed that college teachers obtained significantly higher pathological prevalence than the other two(i.e.,kindergarteners and teachers of middle or primary schools).And such negative prevalence has increased over the years and became sharper after 2000.Additionally,mental disorders seem more severe in country teachers(relative to those working in town),teachers aged above 40(relative to those younger),and female teachers(relative to males).It is suggested that urgent attention should be paid to further improve the research level by highlighting the methodological consideration,especially focusing on the in-depth survey investigation,refined experimental study,as well as high-caliber qualitative research,and thus clarify the mechanism of teachers’psychological disorders.

Incidence and in-hospital mortality of acute aortic dissection in China： analysis of China Health Insurance Research （CHIRA） Data 2011

Objective Acute aortic dissection （AAD） is a catastrophic event with high early mortality rate, but to date, no data on the incidence of AAD in China's Mainland is available. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of AAD in China and characterize the clinical profile, management and in-hospital outcomes of this vascular event. Methods We used the China Health Insurance Research Data （the CHIRA Data） 2011 which comprises all inpatient hospital records （300,886） during the period of Jan. 1st 2011 to Dec. 31 2011 of 3,335,000 randomly sampled beneficiaries （1,718,500 men and 1,616,500 women） from 25 cities and counties in different economic-geographic regions of China's Mainland. Patients with acute aortic dissection were identified according to International Classification of Disease 10m Revision （ICD-10） of I71.0, The estimated incidence of AAD was calculated using the equation： estimated incidence = 2.0 × （40% × hospital admission rate） ＋ 60% × hospital admission rate. Results The hospital admission rate was 2.0/100,000 （65/3,325,000, 95% CI： 1.2-2.8）. The estimated annual incidence of AAD was 2.8/100,000 （95% CI： 1.9-3.6） and was higher in male than in female （3.7 vs. 1.5, P 〈 0.001）. The mean age was 58.9 ± 13.4 years. During the mean hospital stay of 23 ±6 days, the overall in-hospital mortality was 13.9% （9/65）. Conclusions Our study showed relatively lower but not negligible incidence and in-hospital mortality of AAD in the mainland of China. The mean age of patients with AAD in Chinese was younger than that reported by researches from west countries, while the male to female incidence ratio is similar to those reported by other studies.

Research Progress in Occupational Health Risk Assessment Methods in China

Traditional occupational disease control and prevention has remained prevalent in China over recent decades. There are appropriately 30,000 new case reports of occupational diseases annually. Although China has already established a series of occupational disease prevention programs, occupational health risk assessment （OHRA） strategies continue to be a limitation.

Looking ahead to significant improvements in mining safety and health through innovative research and effective diffusion into the industry

Mining safety and health improvements over the past decades are remarkable by many metrics, and yet the expectation of society, and the goal of the mining industry, is zero harm. If we examine the underlying enablers for the significant gains that have been achieved, the key role that research to help understand the causes of problems and to develop lasting solutions is clear. Many of the remaining challenges have been resistant to solutions by various approaches. Some, such as fatalities and injuries from ground control or powered haulage are prominent year after year. Different approaches are indicated and new solutions will be required if we are to achieve a goal of zero harm. These will originate with research, but into which topics, and what are some of these different approaches? This paper examines the current state of mine safety in the United States and highlights areas of significant opportunity for research that will lead to solutions. The likely direction of research that will enable realization of the ‘‘zero harm'' goal is described in terms of evolutionary and revolutionary approaches. Both are important, but the author's view is that some of the largest gains will be made with trans-disciplinary approaches that break from the past. Topical areas of research are suggested and several research questions are given to illustrate the direction of future research in mining safety and health.

The National Health and Medical Research Council

Introduction The National Health and Medical Research Council （NHMRC） is Australia＇s leading expert body promoting the development and maintenance of public and individual health standards. NHMRC brings together within a single national organisation the functions of research funding and development of advice. One of its strengths is that it draws upon the resources of all components of the health system, including governments, medical practitioners, nurses and allied health professionals, researchers, teaching and research institutions, public and private program managers service administrators, community health organisations, social health researchers and consumers.

The WHO African Region: Research Priorities on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights

Background: Many policy makers deliberating on comprehensive sexual and reproductive health and rights services need reliable evidence to make choices that benefit women, adolescents, children and the wider society. While universal health coverage discourse provides an opportunity to expand access through evidence based interventions, many gaps exist. Research prioritization has proved to be very helpful in identifying relevant areas especially in constrained resource settings. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the World Health Organization Africa Region research prioritization for sexual and reproductive health and rights. These priorities hope to guide the region for the next three years. Methods: We used the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative approach to identify priority questions among many potential areas for research prioritization on sexual and reproductive health and rights. The implementation process was organized in three phases. The first phase involved sending out an online survey to various experts with experience in sexual and reproductive health rights. These questions were received by a technical team from World Health Organization headquarters for review. 634 questions were identified for potential research and grouped into 12 themes. The second phase involved experts who reviewed the questions. The team merged questions with duplications, removed the questions that were out of scope and finally refined the wordings. In the final phase, experts worked in groups to score and rank top ten priority questions for each of the 12 thematic areas. Results: A list of 120 priority questions for sexual and reproductive health and rights were prioritized by 67 participants drawn from 16 organizations. Most of the priority research questions (45%) focused on the theme of gender-based violence, 35% prioritized services in sexual and reproductive health and rights in humanitarian settings while 15% prioritized preventing unsafe abortion. 5% of the participants prioritized cervical cancer prevalence, prevention and treatment as a thematic area out of the questions in the top 20 research priority questions. Conclusions: Key priority research questions in sexual and reproductive health and rights were identified around five themes. The priority list will be of significance to World Health Organization regional Office for Africa and her stakeholders for the next three years.

Research on the Model of Consumer Health Information Seeking Behavior via Social Media

Purpose: We aim to create a model of consumer health information seeking behavior via social media, then to have a better understand of it. After that further efforts should be made to provide targeted recommendations for media managers to promote health communication via social media. Methods: Our custom model was derived from literature review, empirical research was tested by the use of questionnaire investigation, and then the collected data were analyzed by structural equation model tool SmartPLS. Finally, the custom model was modified according to the experimental results of SmartPLS. Results: A total of 239 (66.39%) of the respondents were female and 121 (33.61%) were male. The maximum of two stages of age were 18 - 29 (70.56%), 30 - 39 (13.89%). Wechat (60.28%), QQ Zone (55.22%), Micro-blog (48.89%) were the most commonly used social media to obtain health information. About 44.72% of respondents used social media to obtain health information multiple times a day. The whole numerical values of AVE, cronbach’s alpha, CR and square roots of AVE were above the benchmarks of themselves and showed great reliability and validity. All the 11 hypotheses had obvious statistical significance, the P-value of eight path coefficients exhibited <0.001, one path coefficient exhibited <0.01 and two path coefficients exhibited <0.05. Conclusions: A suitable model of consumer health information seeking behavior via social media was created and some inner relationships were found. Namely, gratification of health information and its platform had a positive effect on attitudes toward health information seeking behavior. Health information literacy and health status were proved to have a significant influence on attitudes toward health information seeking behavior, subject norms and perceived behavioral control respectively. In addition, attitudes toward the health information seeking behavior, subject norms and perceived behavioral control were proved to positively associate with health information seeking behavior intention.

Suggested health services research action to achieve reduction of neonatal mortality in India

Despite several national programs to reduce infant mortality, India had repeatedly failed to achieve its set targets for infant mortality. There are approximately one million neonatal deaths in India each year which accounts for nearly two-thirds of the infant deaths in India. India’s current trajectories of neonatal and infant mortality rates make it unlikely that it will achieve its targets for infant mortality rate for 2015 set under the Millennium Development Goals. Since two-thirds of infant deaths in India are neonatal deaths, implementation of effective neonatal care strategies would be essential to reduce infant mortality considerably. The history of child health services in India suggests an inattention to qualitative parameters, hindering a reversal of its failures. We discuss a format of mixed-methods participatory research, integrated with routine district level household surveys (DLHS), as a model of health services research which would better delineate the problems encountered in delivering effective newborn care at the primary care level.

Global health collaborative research:beyond mandatory collaboration to mandatory authorship

Collaborative research between the global north and global south is common and growing in number.Due to inability of local governments to fund research,global north actors provide the bulk of research funding.While providing mutual benefits,global collaborative research projects are far from ideal.In this paper,we review the authorship discrepancies in global collaborative research,discuss preventive measures in place and their shortfalls,and recommend an intervention to address the problem.Malawi research guidelines recommend collaboration between foreign and local researchers in locally conducted research.However,there is no provision requiring joint authorship in final published papers.Journal recommendations on authorship criteria exist,but they can disadvantage low-and middleincome country researchers in collaborative projects because of exclusionary interpretations of guidelines.For example,the requirement for authors to make substantial contributions to conception or design of the work may favor research grant holders,often from the global north.Systematic and holistic changes proposed to address power asymmetries at the core of the problem have been proposed.However,these proposals may take a long time to produce change.Ad interim,local institutions can take more direct action to address inequalities by establishing offices of research integrity to enforce mandates to increase opportunities for authorship in collaborative research.

National Institutes of Health Funding for disease categories related to Neural Regeneration Research

The National Institutes of Health （NIH）, a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is the nation＇s medical research agency-making important discoveries that improve health and save lives.Thanks in large part to NIH-funded medical research, Americans today are living longer and healthier. Life expectancy in the United States has jumped from 47 years in 1900 to 78 years as reported in 2009, and disability in people over age 65 has dropped dramatically in the past 3 decades. In recent years, nationwide rates of new diagnoses and deaths from all cancers combined have fallen significantly.

Identifying and Prioritizing the Research Needs Related to Mental Health in Gaza Strip, Palestine

Background: An important function of research is to identify community needs in certain fields. As mental health is a vital issue to us, identifying and prioritizing mental health needs is important to policy makers to help them in setting goals for different programs that meet the needs of a specific community in a certain health area. Purpose: To identify the health research needs in the field of?mental health in Gaza Strip, Palestine. Design and Methods: The design was a qualitative design using?focus group, need assessment and non-structured interview for data collection. Participants: Participants included three focus groups. First group consisted of students enrolled in a master program?of community mental health nursing;second group included seven faculty members who were specialists?in mental health;and third group included six key persons from the ministry of health and?the chair of community mental health program in WHO at Gaza Strip. Results: Results of this qualitative?study revealed several themes that emerged from the thematic analysis. Many health research?needs were identified by participants. These needs included the following topics: stigma, family integration, aggression of children born to substance-abuse fathers, post-partum depression, counseling, talking therapy in clinical practice, behavioral problems, tramadole abuse, risk factors leadingto drug dependence, autism, exploring the role of religion in mental health, and Wellness Recovery Action Plan. Implication for Practice: Well designed studies will help to identify and prioritize the health needs for a specific community. Identifying the needs related to community mental health?is one of the first steps to help in pushing these needs into the agenda of health policy makers, who then will work to set goals and design policies and programs that aiming to meet the needs of the community, which hopefully will produce a community with less mental health problems.

Using AI and Precision Nutrition to Support Brain Health during Aging

Artificial intelligence, often referred to as AI, is a branch of computer science focused on developing systems that exhibit intelligent behavior. Broadly speaking, AI researchers aim to develop technologies that can think and act in a way that mimics human cognition and decision-making [1]. The foundations of AI can be traced back to early philosophical inquiries into the nature of intelligence and thinking. However, AI is generally considered to have emerged as a formal field of study in the 1940s and 1950s. Pioneering computer scientists at the time theorized that it might be possible to extend basic computer programming concepts using logic and reasoning to develop machines capable of “thinking” like humans. Over time, the definition and goals of AI have evolved. Some theorists argued for a narrower focus on developing computing systems able to efficiently solve problems, while others aimed for a closer replication of human intelligence. Today, AI encompasses a diverse set of techniques used to enable intelligent behavior in machines. Core disciplines that contribute to modern AI research include computer science, mathematics, statistics, linguistics, psychology and cognitive science, and neuroscience. Significant AI approaches used today involve statistical classification models, machine learning, and natural language processing. Classification methods are widely applicable to problems in various domains like healthcare, such as informing diagnostic or treatment decisions based on patterns in data. Dean and Goldreich, 1998, define ML as an approach through which a computer has to learn a model by itself from the data provided but no specification on the sort of model is provided to the computer. They can then predict values for things that are different from the values used in training the models. NLP looks at two interrelated concerns, the task of training computers to understand human languages and the fact that since natural languages are so complex, they lend themselves very well to serving a number of very useful goals when used by computers.

脑卒中患者主动健康行为概念框架的构建研究

背景脑卒中发病率逐年上升,行为控制是预防脑卒中直接有效的干预手段。主动健康医学模式提高了慢性病防控的主动性和可及性,而脑卒中患者主动健康行为概念内涵有待探索。目的探索脑卒中患者主动健康认知及行为方式,构建脑卒中患者主动健康行为概念框架。方法2023年8—10月,采用目的抽样方法,选取郑州大学第二附属医院神经内科的26例脑卒中住院患者作为研究对象,运用诠释主义扎根理论方法论,对26例脑卒中患者进行半结构式访谈,通过编码和持续性比较方法对资料进行分析。结果析出主题“脑卒中患者主动健康行为”的10项主范畴和4项核心范畴,包括“健康动机、健康责任、心理健康”3个内在行为,“生活方式管理”1个惯性行为,“主动遵医、社会关系、信息寻求”3个社会行为和“意识觉醒、自我控制、资源可及”3个干预条件,并确立概念框架。结论脑卒中患者主动健康行为概念框架包含内在行为、惯性行为、社会行为和干预条件,该框架有助于脑卒中患者主动健康行为测评工具的进一步开发和个性化干预措施的制订,对促进脑卒中患者主动健康行为的研究及实践具有指导意义。

未来社区健康场景服务质量评价指标体系构建研究

背景在国家推动“以治病为中心”向“以健康为中心”理念转变的背景下,浙江省率先打造面向全人群和全生命周期的未来社区健康场景,为基层卫生健康综合改革提供了“浙江样板”,构建一套科学有效的未来社区健康场景服务质量评价指标体系具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。目的构建浙江省未来社区健康场景服务质量评价指标体系,为提升社区健康服务能力和质量,推动人群健康目标实现提供参考。方法基于SERVQUAL理论模型,通过政策分析、文献研究和实地调研建立初始指标池;2023年10—12月,采用两轮德尔菲专家咨询法确定指标体系,并运用层次分析法确定各指标的权重和组合权重。结果两轮专家咨询均有17位专家参与,其中高级职称共12名(70.6%);工作年限≥10年15名(88.2%);未来社区的管理人员和医务人员共5名(29.4%)。两轮咨询专家积极性均为1.0,权威系数分别为0.862和0.842,协调程度逐轮提高,最终构建的指标体系包含5个一级指标、13个二级指标、36个三级指标。一级指标中,有形性、可靠性、保证性、响应性、移情性的权重分别为0.168、0.180、0.240、0.178、0.232;二级指标中,场地设施、数字化设备、服务提供、健康监测、服务效率、服务可及性、危机预防和应急救援能力、专业技能、活动组织、智能平台维护、服务态度和情感支持、服务效果、个性化服务的权重分别为0.399、0.601、0.672、0.328、0.487、0.171、0.342、0.410、0.416、0.174、0.284、0.323、0.393。结论本研究构建的浙江省未来社区健康场景服务质量评价指标体系科学可靠,具有较强的系统性、创新性、可操作性和应用价值,是开展未来社区健康场景评价的有效工具,希望能够为政府制定改进策略和相关政策提供参考。

E-Health环境下患者电子参与框架构建与策略研究

患者参与被认为是新阶段医疗改革的重要支柱和医疗保健质量改善的新活力。近年来E-Health技术发展迅速,为患者参与医疗保健提供了更广泛的途径以及更丰富的手段。归纳梳理出患者电子参与的基本内涵,结合国外推动患者电子参与的举措和相关文献研究构建患者电子参与框架,阐述患者电子参与的类型、媒介与方法,最后从项目支撑、患者教育和信息权限等方面提出我国在E-Health环境下推进患者电子参与具体举措。

Contextual Challenges in the Implementation of the Alliance for Maternal and Newborn Health Improvement, Prospective Cohort Study, an Experience from Rural Pakistan

Introduction: Improving maternal and newborn survival needs robust data on patterns of morbidity and mortality from well-characterized cohorts. It is equally important for researchers to document and understand the contextual challenges of data collection and how they are addressed. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study implemented from December 2012 to August 2014 in Matiari, Pakistan. A total of 11,315 pregnancies were enrolled. Participants were approached at home for sequential data collection through the standard pretested structured questionnaires. Some indicators were sourced through health facility records. Information on field challenges gathered through field diaries and minutes of meetings with field staff. Results: Inaccurate reporting of last menstrual period (LMP) dates caused difficulties in the planning and completion of antenatal data collection visits at scheduled gestational weeks. We documented ultrasound reports wherever available, relied on quickening technique, and implemented a seasonal event calendar to help mothers’ recall their LMP. Health system coordinators of public sector and private healthcare providers were individually approached for maximum data collection. But an unregulated private health system with poor record maintenance and health care providers’ reluctance for cooperation posed a greater challenge in data collection. Conclusions: Within a broader understanding of the health systems and socio-cultural environment, temporal and spatial feasibility of data collection should be considered thoroughly at the early stages of study designing, planning, resource allocation, and implementation. Pre-defined regular and need-based meetings with each tier of data collection teams and study managers help to reinvigorate field execution plans and optimize both quantity and quality of study data.

Translational research in acupuncture—teleacupuncture bridges science and practice

In March 2009, the first teleacupuncture between China and Austria was performed. This publica-tion summarizes the first important results. 24- hour electrocardiograms were registered in Bei-jing and analyzed in Graz. A heart rate variability monitor partly developed in Austria was used for recording. Data were transferred via internet over a distance of 7,650 km. For the spectral analysis of heart rate variability a new method, the so-called ‘Fire of Life’ illustration, was ap-plied. The state of health of a 31-year-old patient before, during and after acupuncture treatment sessions was documented. Despite several limi- tations, transcontinental teleacupuncture opens up new possibilities in public health.

Healthcare delivery interventions to reduce cancer disparities worldwide

Globally,cancer care delivery is marked by inequalities,where some economic,demographic,and sociocultural groups have worse outcomes than others.In this review,we sought to identify patient-facing interventions designed to reduce disparities in cancer care in both high-and low-income countries.We found two broad categories of interventions that have been studied in the current literature:Patient navigation and telehealth.Navigation has the strongest evidence base for reducing disparities,primarily in cancer screening.Improved outcomes with navigation interventions have been seen in both high-and low-income countries.Telehealth interventions remain an active area of exploration,primarily in high income countries,with the best evidence being for the remote delivery of palliative care.Ongoing research is needed to identify the most efficacious,costeffective,and scalable interventions to reduce barriers to the receipt of cancer care globally.