Background: The outbreak and global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) attracts a great deal ofattentions to the problem of travel health. Cruise tourism is increasingly popular, with an estimated 30 mill...Background: The outbreak and global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) attracts a great deal ofattentions to the problem of travel health. Cruise tourism is increasingly popular, with an estimated 30 millionpassengers transported on cruise ships worldwide each year. Safeguarding the health of cruise travelers duringthe entire travel is of ultimate importance for both the industry and global public health.Objective: This study aimed to explore the challenges and opportunities in travel health from the perspective ofglobal health governance.Methods: The global governance framework including problems, values, tools or regulations, and actors relatedto travel health were used to analyze the issues involved.Results: Up to April 2020, nearly thirty cruise ship voyages reported COVID-19 cases. The Diamond Princess,Grand Princess and Ruby Princess cruise ship had over 1,400 total reported COVID-19 cases, and more than 30deaths. A community with a common future in travel health is the core value of global health governance fortravel health. The travel-related international regulations, including the International Health Regulation (IHR[2005]), United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the International Maritime Organization(IMO) conventions should be further updated to deal with the travel health problems. The roles andresponsibilities and the cooperation mechanisms of different actors are not clear in relation to the public healthemergencies during the travel.Conclusion: Travel health transcends national borders and involves multilevel actors, thus needs globalcooperation and governance. Regulations and legislation at global and country level are required to preventlarge-scale humanitarian crisis on travel health. Multilateral coordination, cooperation and collaborationmechanisms between governments, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations andindustry are needed to build a better community of common destiny for travel health.展开更多
充电负荷是计算研究电动汽车(electric vehicle,EV)对电网冲击和充电设施规划的基础。为此提出一种考虑电池健康状态(state of health,SOH)的充电需求计算方法。首先,利用EV出行链中与充电负荷相关的特征量的概率分布,实现单个EV用户出...充电负荷是计算研究电动汽车(electric vehicle,EV)对电网冲击和充电设施规划的基础。为此提出一种考虑电池健康状态(state of health,SOH)的充电需求计算方法。首先,利用EV出行链中与充电负荷相关的特征量的概率分布,实现单个EV用户出行行为的完整模拟。接着,基于电池健康状态修正EV实际容量和充电特征,并提出由用户里程焦虑系数修正用户下次出行后所允许的最小剩余SOC(state of charge,SOC)值,改进充电负荷计算模型。最后,基于美国家庭出行调查(national household travel survey,NHTS)数据的仿真表明,SOH影响EV用户出行的多个特征,EV规模越大,充电负荷计算越应考虑SOH。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundationof China (No. 72042014).
文摘Background: The outbreak and global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) attracts a great deal ofattentions to the problem of travel health. Cruise tourism is increasingly popular, with an estimated 30 millionpassengers transported on cruise ships worldwide each year. Safeguarding the health of cruise travelers duringthe entire travel is of ultimate importance for both the industry and global public health.Objective: This study aimed to explore the challenges and opportunities in travel health from the perspective ofglobal health governance.Methods: The global governance framework including problems, values, tools or regulations, and actors relatedto travel health were used to analyze the issues involved.Results: Up to April 2020, nearly thirty cruise ship voyages reported COVID-19 cases. The Diamond Princess,Grand Princess and Ruby Princess cruise ship had over 1,400 total reported COVID-19 cases, and more than 30deaths. A community with a common future in travel health is the core value of global health governance fortravel health. The travel-related international regulations, including the International Health Regulation (IHR[2005]), United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the International Maritime Organization(IMO) conventions should be further updated to deal with the travel health problems. The roles andresponsibilities and the cooperation mechanisms of different actors are not clear in relation to the public healthemergencies during the travel.Conclusion: Travel health transcends national borders and involves multilevel actors, thus needs globalcooperation and governance. Regulations and legislation at global and country level are required to preventlarge-scale humanitarian crisis on travel health. Multilateral coordination, cooperation and collaborationmechanisms between governments, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations andindustry are needed to build a better community of common destiny for travel health.
文摘充电负荷是计算研究电动汽车(electric vehicle,EV)对电网冲击和充电设施规划的基础。为此提出一种考虑电池健康状态(state of health,SOH)的充电需求计算方法。首先,利用EV出行链中与充电负荷相关的特征量的概率分布,实现单个EV用户出行行为的完整模拟。接着,基于电池健康状态修正EV实际容量和充电特征,并提出由用户里程焦虑系数修正用户下次出行后所允许的最小剩余SOC(state of charge,SOC)值,改进充电负荷计算模型。最后,基于美国家庭出行调查(national household travel survey,NHTS)数据的仿真表明,SOH影响EV用户出行的多个特征,EV规模越大,充电负荷计算越应考虑SOH。
